Funitel

Last updated
Funitel at Val Thorens, France Funitel Fond.JPG
Funitel at Val Thorens, France

A funitel is a type of cableway, generally used to transport skiers, although at least one is used to transport finished cars between different areas of a factory. [1] It differs from a standard gondola lift through the use of two arms attached to two parallel overhead cables, providing more stability in high winds. The name funitel is a portmanteau of the French words funiculaire and telepherique .

Contents

When used to transport skiers, funitels are a fast way to get to a higher altitude. Skis or snowboard have to be taken off and held during the trip. Depending on the configuration, cabins may or may not contain seats. Without seats, funitels can sometimes be uncomfortable for long trips, in the same way other large cable cars can be. Funitels combine a short time between successive cabins with a capacity of around 20 to 30 people per cabin. [2]

Overview

Yamagata-zao ski 1 (200712).jpg
Zao 2006 Ropeway Station.jpg
Funitel in Zaō Onsen, Japan. The bottom image shows inside one of the stations

A funitel installation employs two cables (or a single cable arranged in two loops) strung between two terminals and supported by intermediate towers. During transit from terminal to terminal each of a series of detachable passenger cabins is suspended from the two cables which move in parallel at exactly the same rate. The technology was developed from the Double Monocable Creissels (DMC) lift, which featured two so-called monocables (supplying both support and propulsion) moving in parallel and spaced about one meter apart. This technology was developed by the French engineering company Denis Creissels SA and was manufactured by Poma in the 1980s. In the 1990s the first funitels were built, differing from earlier DMC lifts by having the two cables spaced far enough apart for the cabin to be hung between the cables, instead of underneath, thus eliminating the need for a long hanger arm which makes the carrier assembly susceptible to swinging in strong winds. The two cables in these early funitel installations have separate tensioning systems and separate, electrically synchronized motors, one for each cable. Later the double-loop monocable (DLM) was developed, featuring a single cable looped around twice, as the diagram below shows. DLM ensures that the cable sections from which a cabin is suspended move at the same speed without motor synchronization.

The first funitel was constructed in Val-Thorens, 1990, by Denis Creissels SA and Enterprises Reel and Städeli-Lift. The first funitel-style lift constructed outside Europe was near Mammoth Mountain, California at June Mountain ski area, built by Yan Lift in 1988. Jan Kunczynski, the owner of Yan, actually claimed to have invented the funitel lift with reference to US Patent 4,848,241. [3] The Yan "QMC" differed, however, from other funitels in having a quad-monocable design with vertically aligned drive sheaves. [4] The QMC suffered from various design flaws including the famously unsafe Yan cable grips [5] and was shut down by California safety inspectors in 1996 and dismantled over the course of the next few years.

The funitel at Verbier, Switzerland. An evacuation line runs above the funitel Funi Space Talstation.jpg
The funitel at Verbier, Switzerland. An evacuation line runs above the funitel

Funitel passenger cabins are connected to the overhead cable sections with four spring-loaded grips — two for each cable section. As with other detachable-carrier lifts the cabins are decelerated and detached from the cables at the terminal for boarding, then accelerated and reattached for transit to the other terminal.

Funitel Diagram.svg
Diagram of where the cabins detach and attach
DLM diagram.svg
Diagram of the double-loop monocable (DLM) system. The circle and white arrow represent the drive

Reversible funitel

In 1985 Poma produced a reversible funitel in Megève, France. This system was originally referred to as a DMC lift, although it uses the configuration which would later become known as DLM. Unlike a modern funitel, the cable on this system does not move uninterruptedly. Instead, the system operates in a similar manner to an aerial tramway, with two large cabins shuttling back-and-forth. These cabins do not detach from the cable in normal operation. [6] A similar system was built in 1993, in Montmorency Falls Park, Canada, by the French and Canadian subsidiaries of Doppelmayr. [7]

In 2002, Poma installed a reversible funitel in Val Thorens, France. Instead of two large cabins, this system features two groups of three smaller cabins shuttling back-and-forth. [8] A similar system was built by Doppelmayr in 2004, in Alpe d'Huez, France. [9] Another similar system in Val Thorens was built by the Swiss manufacturer, Bartholet, in 2011. [10]

List of funitels

Hakone Ropeway 2.jpg
Hakone ropeway 03.jpg
Hakone Ropeway in Japan

Andorra

Austria

Canada

France

Greece

Japan

Slovakia

Switzerland

United States

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aerial tramway</span> Aerial lift in which the cars are permanently fixed to the cables

An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, aerial cablecar, aerial cableway, telepherique, or seilbahn is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary ropes for support while a third moving rope provides propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion rope and cannot be decoupled from it during operations. In comparison to gondola lifts, aerial tramways generally provide lower line capacities and higher wait times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yan Lift</span>

Yan Lift, incorporated as Lift Engineering & Mfg. Co., was a major ski lift manufacturer in North America. Founded in 1965 and based in Carson City, Nevada, the company built at least 200 fixed-grip chairlifts, as well as 31 high-speed quads. The company's lifts have been involved in the deaths of five people and the injury of at least 70, the worst record of any ski-lift maker operating in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gondola lift</span> Aerial transport by cable

A gondola lift is a means of cable transport and type of aerial lift which is supported and propelled by cables from above. It consists of a loop of steel wire rope that is strung between two stations, sometimes over intermediate supporting towers. The cable is driven by a bullwheel in a terminal, which is typically connected to an engine or electric motor. It is often considered a continuous system since it features a haul rope which continuously moves and circulates around two terminal stations. In contrast, an aerial tramway operates solely with fixed grips and simply shuttles back and forth between two end terminals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chairlift</span> Type of aerial lift

An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel wire rope loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers, carrying a series of chairs. They are the primary onhill transport at most ski areas, but are also found at amusement parks and various tourist attractions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Detachable chairlift</span>

A detachable chairlift or high-speed chairlift is a type of passenger aerial lift, which, like a fixed-grip chairlift, consists of numerous chairs attached to a constantly moving wire rope that is strung between two terminals over intermediate towers. They are now commonplace at all but the smallest of ski resorts. Some are installed at tourist attractions as well as for urban transportation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group</span> Austrian manufacturing company

Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group is an international manufacturer of ropeways and people movers for ski areas, urban transport, amusement parks, and material handling systems. As of 2019, the group have produced over 15,000 installations in 96 countries. The Doppelmayr/Garaventa Group was formed in 2002 when Doppelmayr of Wolfurt, Austria merged with Garaventa AG of Switzerland to form the world's largest ropeway manufacturer.

Gimar Montaz Mautino (GMM) is a French manufacturer that was created by the merger of Gimar and Montaz-Mautino. They make aerial lifts and surface ski lifts. They are headquartered in Échirolles France, near Grenoble. Originally known as Montaz-Mautino, they were one of the most successful ski lift companies in the 1970s and 1980s, primarily constructing two and three-seat chairlifts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aerial lift</span> Method of cable transport

An aerial lift, also known as a cable car or ropeway, is a means of cable transport in which cabins, cars, gondolas, or open chairs are hauled above the ground by means of one or more cables. Aerial lift systems are frequently employed in a mountainous territory where roads are relatively difficult to build and use, and have seen extensive use in mining. Aerial lift systems are relatively easy to move and have been used to cross rivers and ravines. In more recent times, the cost-effectiveness and flexibility of aerial lifts have seen an increase of gondola lift being integrated into urban public transport systems.

Poma, incorporated as Pomagalski S.A., and sometimes referred to as the Poma Group, is a French company which manufactures cable-driven lift systems, including fixed and detachable chairlifts, gondola lifts, funiculars, aerial tramways, people movers, and surface lifts. Poma has installed about 7800 devices for 750 customers worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tricable gondola lift</span> Cable car system introduced in 1991

The tricable gondola lift, also known as the 3S gondola lift, is a cable car system that was developed by the Swiss company Von Roll transport systems in Thun to unite the benefits of a gondola lift with those of a reversible cable car system. '3S' is an abbreviation of the German word dreiseil, meaning 'tricable'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leitner-Poma</span>

Leitner-Poma of America, known simply as Leitner-Poma, is a United States aerial lift manufacturer based in Grand Junction, Colorado. It is the American subsidiary of French-based Poma, which is owned by the Italian company HTI Group. The North American company was formed in 2000 when the Seeber Group, owner of Leitner, bought Poma and merged both companies' North American subsidiaries. Leitner-Poma of America operates a Canadian subsidiary based in Barrie, Ontario called Leitner-Poma Canada Inc.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanigawadake Ropeway</span>

The Tanigawadake Ropeway is Japanese aerial lift line, operated by Tanigawadake Ropeway Company. The Tōbu Group company also operates another aerial lift line, Harunasan Ropeway. Opened in 1960, the line climbs Mount Tanigawa Tenjindaira Ski Resort, Minakami, Gunma. The line is operated all seasons, transporting skiers, hikers, or tourists.

The Hashikurasan Ropeway is the name of Japanese aerial lift line in Ikeda, Tokushima, as well as its operator. The line climbs Mount Hashikura of Hashikura-dera, a famous temple.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snow King Mountain</span> Resort in Wyoming

Snow King Mountain is a summer and winter resort in the western United States, in Jackson, Wyoming. The mountain is Jackson's original 1936 ski hill, located on the southeast edge of the city, and was the first ski area in Wyoming. Locals sometimes refer to Snow King as "The Town Hill," and it offers skiing, hiking, an alpine slide, and many other attractions. The ski season runs from December to late March, and has a summer season that runs from June to October. Skiing is offered after the closure of lifts, until the snow is gone thanks to a boot pack trail on the west side of the resorts Runs. Hiking trails are offered all over the mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hybrid lift</span> Type of ski lift

A hybrid lift is a type of ski lift that combines the elements of a chairlift and a gondola lift. First introduced by Poma, who refers to them as Telemix, they have since been built by most lift manufacturers who refer to them by a variety of names; Doppelmayr refers to them as a combined lift, Bartholet refers to them with the French name, téléporté mixte, while the more generic terms chondola and telecombi are common in North America.

The Hausberg Gondola Lift runs from Garmisch-Partenkirchen in South Germany up to the Hausberg mountain and the "Classic" ski area of Hausberg-Alpspitze. It belongs to the Bayerische Zugspitzbahn company and is only operated in winter.

References

  1. Doppelmayr Funitel VW Bratislava, Slowakei (2002) (in German), archived from the original on 2021-12-12, retrieved 2020-01-08
  2. Lift-World :: Lift-Database - Funitels Archived February 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Aerial tramway system and method having parallel haul ropes" . Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  4. "QMC Debuts at June Mountain" . Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  5. "Yan High Speed Quad Retrofits 20 Years Later". 15 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  6. "FUN V 75 Rocharbois". remontees-mecaniques.net (in French). 3 November 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  7. "FUN V of Montmorency Park". remontees-mecaniques.net. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  8. "Funitel of the 3 Valleys". skiresort.info. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  9. "FUN V des Marmottes 3". remontees-mecaniques.net (in French). 28 March 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  10. "Funitel in Val Thorens, France". Bartholet. Retrieved 21 September 2020.