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In the United States,capital punishment is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level,in 27 states,and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 states and in the federal capital,Washington,D.C. It is usually applied for only the most serious crimes,such as aggravated murder. Although it is a legal penalty in 27 states,20 states have the ability to execute death sentences,with the other seven,as well as the federal government,being subject to different types of moratoriums.
In the U.S. state of California,capital punishment is a legal penalty. However it is not allowed to be carried out as of March 2019,because executions were halted by an official moratorium ordered by Governor Gavin Newsom. Before the moratorium,executions had been frozen by a federal court order since 2006,and the litigation resulting in the court order has been on hold since the promulgation of the moratorium. Thus,there will be a court-ordered moratorium on executions after the termination of Newsom's moratorium if capital punishment remains a legal penalty in California by then.
The U.S. state of Washington enforced capital punishment until the state's capital punishment statute was declared null and void and abolished in practice by a state Supreme Court ruling on October 11,2018. The court ruled that it was unconstitutional as applied due to racial bias however it did not render the wider institution of capital punishment unconstitutional and rather required the statute to be amended to eliminate racial biases. From 1904 to 2010,78 people were executed by the state;the last was Cal Coburn Brown on September 10,2010. In April 2023,Governor Jay Inslee signed SB5087 which formally abolished capital punishment in Washington State and removed provisions for capital punishment from state law.
The murder of Megan Nicole Kanka occurred in Hamilton Township,Mercer County,New Jersey,United States. Seven-year-old Megan Kanka was raped and murdered by her neighbor,Jesse Timmendequas,after he lured her into his house;Timmendequas had previously been convicted of child molestation. The murder attracted national attention and subsequently led to the introduction of "Megan's Law",which requires law enforcement to disclose details relating to the location of registered sex offenders.
Nia H. Gill is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician,who represented the 34th Legislative District in the New Jersey Senate from 2002 to 2024. She ran unsuccessfully as a candidate in the June 2012 primary election to fill the seat in Congress left vacant by the death of Donald M. Payne,the former U.S. Representative for New Jersey's 10th congressional district. Gill was the State Senate President pro Tempore from 2010 to 2018,succeeded by Teresa Ruiz.
The New Jersey Department of Corrections (NJDOC) is the government agency responsible for operations and management of prison facilities in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The New Jersey Department of Corrections operates 9 correctional facilities,11 Residential Community Release Programs,and 1 Assessment Center. The department is headquartered in Trenton.
Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990,having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder. The last person to be executed by the British state on the island of Ireland was Robert McGladdery,who was hanged on 20 December 1961 in Crumlin Road Gaol in Belfast,Northern Ireland. The last person to be executed by the state in the Republic of Ireland was Michael Manning,hanged for murder on 20 April 1954. All subsequent death sentences in the Republic of Ireland,the last handed down in 1985,were commuted by the President,on the advice of the Government,to terms of imprisonment of up to 40 years. The Twenty-first Amendment of the constitution,passed by referendum in 2001,prohibits the reintroduction of the death penalty,even during a state of emergency or war. Capital punishment is also forbidden by several human rights treaties to which the state is a party.
Raymond John Zane was an American politician who served in the New Jersey State Senate from 1974 to 2002,where he represented the 3rd Legislative District. First elected in 1973 and re-elected seven times as a Democrat,Zane lost re-election in 2001 as a Republican. Zane died on January 8,2024,at the age of 84.
John Collins is an American college basketball coach,educator,lawyer,and a Republican Party politician from New Jersey. He was Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1996 until 2002,making him the longest serving speaker in Assembly history.
Joshua K. Marquis is an attorney and politician from Astoria,Oregon in the United States. He served as District Attorney for Clatsop County from March 1994 until December 31,2018. He frequently writes and speaks about capital punishment,and is a national advocate for the death penalty.
David Joel Friedland was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician from Hudson County,who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1974 and then was elected to the Senate,serving from 1978 until his conviction on racketeering charges in 1980.
Capital punishment was outlawed in New York after the New York Court of Appeals,the highest court in the state,declared the practice as currently practiced unconstitutional under the state's constitution in 2004. However certain crimes occurring in the state that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty.
Capital punishment,more commonly known as the death penalty,was a legal form of punishment from 1620 to 1984 in Massachusetts,United States. This practice dates back to the state's earliest European settlers. Those sentenced to death were hanged. Common crimes punishable by death included religious affiliations and murder.
Capital punishment in New Jersey is currently abolished,after Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine signed a law repealing it in 2007. Before this,capital punishment was used and at least 361 people have been executed.
Joel M. Weingarten is an American Republican Party politician who served three terms in the New Jersey General Assembly,where he represented the 21st Legislative District from 1996 to 2002.
Barbara Wright is an American Republican Party politician who served four terms in the New Jersey General Assembly,from 1992 to 2000,where she represented the 14th Legislative District. A full-time legislator,Wright served as Mayor of Plainsboro Township,New Jersey in 1984 and 1985.
Stephen A. Mikulak was an American Republican Party politician who served two terms in the New Jersey General Assembly,from 1992 to 1996,where he represented the 19th Legislative District,which covers portions of Middlesex County.
Jeffrey A. Warsh is an American attorney and Republican Party politician who served two terms in the New Jersey General Assembly,from 1992 to 1996,where he represented the 18th Legislative District,which covers portions of Middlesex County. He later served as Executive Director of New Jersey Transit.
Monroe Jay Lustbader was an American Republican Party politician who was elected to three terms in the New Jersey General Assembly,serving in office from 1992 until his death,where he represented the 21st Legislative District.
Martin A. Herman is an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly,where he represented the 3rd Legislative District from 1974 to 1986,and was later appointed as a judge in New Jersey Superior Court in Gloucester County.
References
- 1 2 "Assemblyman Gary W. Stuhltrager". Archived from the original on February 25, 1998.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), New Jersey Legislature. Accessed June 12, 2010. - ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "ELECTION DAY: FOR G.O.P., SUCCESS IN JERSEY, A CLOSE RACE ON STATEN ISLAND; REPUBLICANS IN JERSEY WIN CONTROL OF STATE ASSEMBLY", The New York Times , November 6, 1985. Accessed June 12, 2010.
- ↑ NJ State Assembly 03, OurCampaigns.com. Accessed June 12, 2010.
- ↑ King, Wayne. "Assembly Passes Bills Supporting Executions", The New York Times , May 1, 1992. Accessed June 12, 2010.
- ↑ Stewart, Barbara. "IN PERSON; Life and Death. It's a Living.", The New York Times , May 5, 1996. Accessed June 12, 2010.