Gau Pomerania

Gau Pomerania
Gau of Nazi Germany
1925–1945
Flag
Capital	Stettin
History
Government
Gauleiter
• 1925–1927	Theodor Vahlen
• 1927–1931	Walther von Corswant
• 1931–1934	Wilhelm Karpenstein
• 1934–1945	Franz Schwede-Coburg
History
•  Establishment	22 March 1925
•  Disestablishment	1 August 1945
Preceded by Succeeded by Province of Pomerania (1815–1945) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Poland
Today part of	Germany Poland

The Gau Pomerania (German: Gau Pommern) formed on 22 March 1925, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 comprising the Prussian province of Pomerania. Before that, from 1925 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. Most of the Gau became part of Poland after the Second World War while the remainder became part of what would become East Germany.

History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a party conference on 22 May 1926, in order to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the German states as administrative subdivisions in Germany. ^[1]

At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War, with little interference from above. Local Gauleiters often held government positions as well as party ones and were in charge of, among other things, propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onward, the Volkssturm and the defense of the Gau. ^{[1] [2]}

The position of Gauleiter in Pomerania was first held by Theodor Vahlen from 1925 to 1927 when he was dismissed because of his association with Gregor and Otto Strasser. He was succeeded as Gauleiter by Walther von Corswant from 1927 to 1931, who continued to represent Pomerania as a Reichstag member until his death in 1942. The post of Gauleiter was next held by Wilhelm Karpenstein from 1931 to 1934, followed by Franz Schwede-Coburg from 1934 to 1945. ^{[3] [4]} Karpenstein survived the war and died in 1968. ^[5] Franz Schwede was the first Nazi Party member to become Mayor of a German city, Coburg in Bavaria, and was therefore awarded the honorary addition of Coburg to his name by Adolf Hitler. Highly anti-Semitic Schwede-Coburg had the last Jews in Pomerania deported in early 1940 and thereby made the Gau the first to be Judenrein , free of Jews. When Soviet forces reached Pomerania he delayed the order of evacuation, thereby abandoning much of the population and goods behind enemy lines. His insistence in sending under-trained Volkssturm units into battle caused Pomerania to have the third-highest Volkssturm casualty of all German Gaue. He escaped from Pomerania but was captured by British forces. Sent to prison for 10 years in 1948, he died in Coburg in 1960. ^[6]

See also

• Gauliga Pommern, the highest association football league in the Gauliga from 1933 to 1945

References

1. "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum . Retrieved 29 March 2016.
2. "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project . Retrieved 29 March 2016.
3. "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung . Retrieved 29 March 2016.
4. "Gau Pommern" [Gau Pomerania]. verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 29 March 2016.
5. "Karpenstein, Wilhelm". deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Bavarian State Library . Retrieved 29 March 2016.
6. "Schwede-Coburg (bis 1931 Schwede), Franz". deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Bavarian State Library . Retrieved 29 March 2016.

External links

• Illustrated list of Gauleiter