Gerald J. Prince (born November 7, 1942, in Alexandria, Egypt) is an American academic and literary theoretician. He is Professor of Romance Languages at the University of Pennsylvania, [1] where he is also affiliated with department of Linguistics and the Program in Comparative Literature, and with the Annenberg School for Communication.
Prince received his Ph.D. from Brown University (1968). He is a leading scholar of narrative poetics, and has helped to shape the discipline of narratology, developing key concepts such as the narratee, narrativity, the disnarrated, and narrative grammar. [2] In addition to his theoretical work, he is a distinguished critic of contemporary French literature, and is regarded as an authority on the French novel of the twentieth century. [3]
Prince's writings in French and English have been translated into many other languages, and he has been a Visiting Professor at universities in France, Belgium, Italy, Australia, and Canada, as well as the United States. He is the General Editor of the "Stages" series at the University of Nebraska Press, [4] and he serves on more than a dozen other editorial and advisory boards. In 2013 he received the Wayne C. Booth Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Society for the Study of Narrative, [5] an organization that he presided in 2007.
Oulipo is a loose gathering of (mainly) French-speaking writers and mathematicians who seek to create works using constrained writing techniques. It was founded in 1960 by Raymond Queneau and François Le Lionnais. Other notable members have included novelists Georges Perec and Italo Calvino, poets Oskar Pastior and Jean Lescure, and poet/mathematician Jacques Roubaud.
Chrétien de Troyes was a French poet and trouvère known for his writing on Arthurian subjects such as Gawain, Lancelot, Perceval and the Holy Grail. Chrétien's chivalric romances, including Erec and Enide, Lancelot, Perceval and Yvain, represent some of the best-regarded works of medieval literature. His use of structure, particularly in Yvain, has been seen as a step towards the modern novel.
Nicole Brossard is a French-Canadian formalist poet and novelist. Her work is known for exploration of feminist themes and for challenging masculine-oriented language and points of view in French literature.
Diegesis is a style of fiction storytelling which presents an interior view of a world in which the narrator presents the actions of the characters to the readers or audience.
Narratology is the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect human perception. It is an anglicisation of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov. Its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics) but modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp, and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia, dialogism, and the chronotope first presented in The Dialogic Imagination (1975).
Niçard, nissart/Niçart, niçois, or nizzardo is the dialect that was historically spoken in the city of Nice, in France, and in a few surrounding communes. Niçard is a subdialect of Provençal, itself a dialect of Occitan. Some Italian irredentists have claimed it as a Ligurian dialect, on false grounds.
In narrative theory, an actant in the actantial model of semiotic narrative analysis describes the roles different characters have in advancing a narrative. Bruno Latour writes,
An “actor” in [actor-network theory] is a semiotic definition -an actant-, that is, something that acts or to which activity is granted by others. It implies no special motivation of human individual actors, nor of humans in general. An actant can literally be anything provided it is granted to be the source of an action.
Mark Turner is a cognitive scientist, linguist, and author. He is Institute Professor and Professor of Cognitive Science at Case Western Reserve University. He has won an Anneliese Maier Research Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (2015) and a Grand Prix from the French Academy (1996) for his work in these fields. Turner and Gilles Fauconnier founded the theory of conceptual blending, presented in textbooks and encyclopedias. Turner is also the director of the Cognitive Science Network (CSN) and co-director of the Distributed Little Red Hen Lab.
Régine Robin was a historian, novelist, translator and professor of sociology. Her prolific fiction and non-fiction, primarily on the themes of identity and culture and on the sociological practice of literature, earned a number of awards, including the Governor-General's Award in 1986. She was described by Robert Saletti as "Montreal's grande dame of postmodernism".
Jean Paulhan was a French writer, literary critic and publisher, director of the literary magazine Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) from 1925 to 1940 and from 1946 to 1968. He was a member of the Académie française. He was born in Nîmes (Gard) and died in Paris.
Henri Wittmann is a Canadian linguist from Quebec. He is best known for his work on Quebec French.
Narreme is the basic unit of narrative structure. According to Helmut Bonheim (2000), the concept of narreme was developed three decades earlier by Eugene Dorfman and expanded by Henri Wittmann, The narreme is to narratology what the sememe is to semantics, the morpheme is to morphology and the phoneme to phonology. The narreme, however, has yet to be persuasively defined in practice. In interpretative narratology constrained in a framework of principles and parameters, narration is the projection of a narreme N0, the abstract head of a narrative macrostructure where Nn dominates immediately Nn-1 (Wittmann 1995).
In narratology, fabula equates to the thematic content of a narrative and syuzhet equates to the chronological structure of the events within the narrative. Vladimir Propp and Viktor Shklovsky originated the terminology as part of the Russian Formalism movement in the early 20th century. Narratologists have described fabula as "the raw material of a story", and syuzhet as "the way a story is organized".
Intemelio is a Ligurian dialect spoken historically from the Principality of Monaco to the Italian province of Imperia.
Georges Grassal de Choffat or Hugues Rebell was a French author. He wrote against Christianity and professed paganism while remaining a Catholic. An exponent of Friedrich Nietzsche, he was associated with the right-wing nationalist group Action Française.
Scipion Dupleix, lord of Clarens, was a French historian.
Michèle Perret is a French linguist and novelist who was born in 1937 in Oran in Algeria.
Wendy Ayres-Bennett is a British linguist, Professor of French Philology and Linguistics at the University of Cambridge, England, and Professorial Fellow in Linguistics at Murray Edwards College.
The Trésor de la langue française informatisé or TLFi is a digital version of the Trésor de la langue française or TLF, a 16-volume dictionary of the French language of the 19th and 20th centuries, which was published between 1971 and 1994. It is freely available via a web interface. It was previously sold as a CD-ROM for Mac and Windows.
"The knight who could make cunts speak" is a French fabliau. Seven versions of it remain, including one in MS Harley 2253.