Governatore dei condannati

Last updated

The governatore dei condannati ("commander of the convicts") was a senior commander of the navy of the Republic of Venice. The post initially headed the galley squadron manned by convicts and captives rather than free crewmen. [1]

Contents

Convicts (condannati) and Muslim captives began to be employed as rowers in the Venetian navy c.1542, [2] when the first institutions to administer them are also attested. The post of governatore dei condannati was also created at this time. [1] The use of convicts to row the galleys increased over time, except for the flagships and the galeasses. [2] Finally, as the number of galleys in the Venetian fleet diminished in favour of sailing ships of the line, after 1721 all Venetian galleys were exclusively manned by convicts. [3]

Like all squadron commanders of the rowed fleet (armata sottile)—the Provveditore d'Armata , the Capitano delle galeazze , and the Capitano in Golfo —he hoisted his ensign on a bastard galley, with striped red-and-white sails and tents. As his distinctive signs, the flagship of the governatore dei condannati carried a single lantern and the standard of Saint Mark on a plain-topped staff aft, and on the foremast a square ensign of Saint Mark with an egg-shaped tail. [4]

His staff included a chancellor (cancelliere) or a secretary nominated by the Council of Ten, an adjutant (ammiraglio), [lower-alpha 1] a quartermaster (sopramasser), and a standard-bearer. [6] For his personal service he had a head of household (maestro di casa), a steward (scalco), a cook (cuoco), a wine steward (canever), and two orderlies (fanti di pizzuol). [7] In addition he had at his disposal a boat (felucca) with twelve boatsmen (caiccheri) and a rowed frigate with a captain (padrone), two steersmen (timonieri), two artillerymen (bombardieri) and 18 rowers (galeotti). [7]

Footnotes

  1. The ammiraglio was an experienced naval officer wo combined the functions of adjutant, chief of staff, signals officer and inspector of the squadron; he might also be called upon to lead shore detachments. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Lepanto</span> 1571 naval battle of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars

The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras. The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina, Sicily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Action of 8 July 1716</span>

This indecisive naval battle took place on 8 July 1716 during a Turkish attempt to capture the island of Corfu (Kerkyra), off the west coast of mainland Greece.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galley slave</span> A person enslaved or sentenced to row in a galley

A galley slave was a slave rowing in a galley, either a convicted criminal sentenced to work at the oar, or a kind of human chattel, sometimes a prisoner of war, assigned to the duty of rowing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angelo Emo</span> Venetian admiral (1731–1792)

Angelo Emo was a Venetian noble, administrator, and admiral. He is notable for his reforms of the Venetian navy and his naval campaigns, being regarded as the last great admiral of the Venetian Republic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Corfu (1716)</span> Part of the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War

The siege of Corfu took place on 8 July – 21 August 1716, when the Ottoman Empire besieged the city of Corfu, on the namesake island, then held by the Republic of Venice. The siege was part of the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War, and, coming in the aftermath of the lightning conquest of the Morea by the Ottoman forces in the previous year, was a major success for Venice, representing its last major military success and allowing it to preserve its rule over the Ionian Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venetian navy</span>

The Venetian navy was the navy of the Venetian Republic which played an important role in the history of the republic and the Mediterranean world. It was the premier navy in the Mediterranean Sea for many centuries between the medieval and early modern periods, providing Venice with control and influence over trade and politics far in excess of the republic's size and population. It was one of the first navies to mount gunpowder weapons aboard ships, and through an organised system of naval dockyards, armouries and chandlers was able to continually keep ships at sea and rapidly replace losses. The Venetian Arsenal was one of the greatest concentrations of industrial capacity prior to the Industrial Revolution and responsible for the bulk of the republic's naval power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venetian bombardments of the Beylik of Tunis</span>

The Venetian bombardments of the Beylik of Tunis were a series of naval bombardments of the capital and various port cities of the Beylik of Tunis by the Venetian navy in order to force Bey Hammuda ibn Ali to resume the treaty that protected Venetian-flagged shipping from harassment by Barbary pirates. The campaign lasted from 1784 to 1786, with the Venetian navy under Angelo Emo bombarding the harbour towns of Tunisia. The conflict dragged on until 1792, but no major naval actions were undertaken after the winter of 1786/87.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riccardo Paladini</span> Italian admiral

Riccardo Paladini was an Italian admiral during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Captain General of the Sea</span>

The Captain General of the Sea was the wartime commander-in-chief of the Venetian navy.

The Captain of the Gulf was a senior naval command of the Republic of Venice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provveditore Generale da Mar</span>

The Provveditore Generale da Mar was the most senior peacetime office in the Venetian navy and in charge of governing the Venetian overseas empire.

A sopracomito was the captain of a galley in the Venetian navy. Elected from among those among the Venetian patriciate who already had some naval experience, the sopracomito was an important position and stepping-stone in the naval cursus honorum of the Republic of Venice. It entailed considerable responsibilities for crewing and maintaining a galley as well as great expenses, which made it increasingly the province of the wealthier patricians.

The Capitano delle Navi was a senior commander of the ships of the line of the navy of the Republic of Venice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capitano Straordinario delle Navi</span> Senior Venetian naval commander

The Capitano Straordinario delle Navi was the senior wartime commander of the ships of the line of the navy of the Republic of Venice.

The Ottoman reconquest of the Morea took place in June–September 1715, during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War. The Ottoman army, under Grand Vizier Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha, aided by the fleet under Kapudan Pasha Canım Hoca Mehmed Pasha, conquered the Morea peninsula in southern Greece, which had been captured by the Republic of Venice in the 1680s, during the Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War. The Ottoman reconquest inaugurated the second period of Ottoman rule in the Morea, which ended with the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lodovico Flangini</span>

Lodovico Flangini was a Venetian noble who served as Capitano Straordinario delle Navi during the Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Provveditore all'Armata</span>

The Provveditore all'Armata or dell'Armata or d'Armata was a senior official and admiral of the Venetian navy. After the establishment of a sailing fleet next to the traditional galley fleet in the late 17th century, he was the most senior squadron admiral of the latter.

This is an alphabetical index of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Republic of Venice. Feel free to add more, and create missing pages.

The Provveditori all'Armar were officials of the Republic of Venice responsible for the provisioning and equipment of the ships and crews of the Venetian navy.

The Patron delle Navi, also Patrono or Patrona delle Navi, was a squadron commander of the ships of the line of the navy of the Republic of Venice.

References

  1. 1 2 Nani Mocenigo 1935, pp. 5, 23.
  2. 1 2 Nani Mocenigo 1935, p. 42.
  3. Nani Mocenigo 1935, pp. 41–42.
  4. Nani Mocenigo 1935, pp. 23, 28, 29.
  5. Nani Mocenigo 1935, pp. 30–31.
  6. Nani Mocenigo 1935, p. 28.
  7. 1 2 Nani Mocenigo 1935, p. 29.

Sources