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In chemistry, initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Initiation creates a reactive centre on a molecule which produces a chain reaction. The reactive centre generated by initiation is usually a radical, but can also be cations or anions. Once the reaction is initiated, the species goes through propagation where the reactive species reacts with stable molecules, producing stable species and reactive species. This process can produce very long chains of molecules called polymers, which are the building blocks for many materials. After propagation, the reaction is then terminated. There are different types of initiation, with the two main ways being thermal initiation and photo-initiation (light).
Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer or RAFT polymerization is one of several kinds of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. It makes use of a chain-transfer agent (CTA) in the form of a thiocarbonylthio compound to afford control over the generated molecular weight and polydispersity during a free-radical polymerization. Discovered at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia in 1998, RAFT polymerization is one of several living or controlled radical polymerization techniques, others being atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), etc. RAFT polymerization uses thiocarbonylthio compounds, such as dithioesters, thiocarbamates, and xanthates, to mediate the polymerization via a reversible chain-transfer process. As with other controlled radical polymerization techniques, RAFT polymerizations can be performed under conditions that favor low dispersity and a pre-chosen molecular weight. RAFT polymerization can be used to design polymers of complex architectures, such as linear block copolymers, comb-like, star, brush polymers, dendrimers and cross-linked networks.
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References
- ↑ Ward, Colin (30 March 2012). "Graeme Moad". CSIROpedia. CSIRO.
- ↑ "Dr Graeme Moad: leading CSIRO's polymer research". CSIRO. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- 1 2 Bridie Smith (25 September 2014). "CSIRO scientists Graeme Moad, San Thang and Ezio Rizzardo named as Nobel prize contenders". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ↑ Dr Graeme Moad, www.science.org.au
- ↑ "2020 awardees". Australian Academy of Science. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ↑ "Dr Graeme Moad FTSE FAA". Australian Academy of Technology & Engineering. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ↑ "Australia Day 2022 Honours List". Sydney Morning Herald. Nine Entertainment Co. 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ↑ "Graeme Moad". royalsociety.org. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
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