Griffinia

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Griffinia
Griffinia liboniana1ALagarde.jpg
Griffinia liboniana [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Griffinia
Ker-Gawl. [2]
Type species
Griffinia hyacinthina(Ker Gawl.) Ker Gawl. [3]
Brazil in the world (W3).svg
Griffinia is endemic to Brazil [4]
Synonyms [4]
  • HylineHerb.
  • LiboniaLem.

Griffinia is a genus of Brazilian plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. [5] It includes 23 known species which are endemic to Brazil. [4] The most closely related genus to it is the monotypic Worsleya .

Contents

Development of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Development of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow inflorescence.jpg
Development of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Lateral view of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Lateral view of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow inflorescence.jpg
Lateral view of inflorescence of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Detail of flower of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae Detail of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae K.D.Preuss & Meerow flower.jpg
Detail of flower of Griffinia espiritensis var. ituberae
Immature bulb of Griffinia gardneriana Immature Griffinia gardneriana (Herb.) Ravenna bulb.jpg
Immature bulb of Griffinia gardneriana

The members of the genus Griffinia are tropical, bulbous plants which grow in high levels of humidity. The leaves are green, petiolate, elliptical, sometimes with white speckles on them. The flowers are typical for the tribe - lilac or blue colored (although there are also white - colored species) and collected into an umbel. Many of the members in this genus are endangered because of the deforestation of their habitat. [6]

Taxonomy

Subgenera

The genus Griffinia is divided into Griffinia subgen. Hyline, in which only Griffinia gardneriana(Herb.) Ravenna and Griffinia nocturnaRavenna are placed, as well as Griffinia subgen. Griffinia, which includes all other species. [7]

Species

As of June 2023, the genus comprises of 23 species: [4]

Conservation

Griffinia intermedia is categorized as endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is only known from two locations, in which the species, as well as its habitat is continually declining. [8] An initiative has been taken to replicate the fragrance of Griffinia gardneriana, which is threatened with extinction, for the creation of a perfume. The sale of the perfume is meant to financially contribute to the conservation effort for this species. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Hippeastrum</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species and over 600 hybrids and cultivars of perennial herbaceous bulbous plants. They generally have large fleshy bulbs and tall broad leaves, generally evergreen, and large red or purple flowers.

<i>Sprekelia</i> Genus of plants

Sprekelia is a genus of Mesoamerican plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Sprekelia plants are sometimes called Aztec lilies or Jacobean lilies although they are not true lilies. This genus has been submerged in Zephyranthes, but as of January 2023 is accepted by Plants of the World Online with a single species, Sprekelia formosissima, endemic to Mexico.

<i>Eucrosia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Eucrosia is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family distributed from Ecuador to Peru. The name is derived from the Greek eu, beautiful, and krossos, a fringe, referring to the long stamens. As circumscribed in 2020, the genus contains six species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera most closely related to Eucrosia.

<i>Sternbergia</i> Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae

Sternbergia is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the Amaryllis family, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.

<i>Rhodophiala</i> Former genus of flowering plants

Rhodophiala was a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family. It consisted of about 30 South American species distributed in southern Brazil, Argentina, and, specially, in Chile. Most of the species are known colloquially as añañuca. It has now been submerged in Zephyranthes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Griffineae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

The tribe Griffineae includes 2 genera with 22 species from South America which are actually endemic to Brazil. A typical character of the representatives of the tribe are the flowers - They are with blue or lilac color collected into an umbel. Only the members of this tribe and the genus Lycoris are able to form flowers with such color in the whole family Amaryllidaceae. The plants in this group are typical perennial flowers which are producing bulbs. The leaves are green, with elliptical form in the most of the cases but in some members as in Worsleya they are sword-shaped.

<i>Griffinia hyacinthina</i> Species of flowering plant

Griffinia hyacinthina is a bulbous species of flowering plant which is endemic to Brazil.

Alan W. Meerow is an American botanist, born in New York City in 1952. He specializes in the taxonomy of the family Amaryllidaceae and the horticulture of palms and tropical ornamental plants. He also works on the population genetics and molecular systematics of cycads and palms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus Amaryllis and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastreae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Hippeastreae is a tribe of plants belonging to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Species in this tribe are distributed in South America. Flowers are large and showy, zygomorphic, with the stamens in varying lengths, inflorescence bracts are often fused basally. The seeds are flattened, winged or D-shaped. Reported basic chromosome numbers are x= 8-13, 17, and higher. All the species in this tribe present a remarkable aesthetic interest and horticultural value.

<i>Stenomesson</i> Genus of plants

Stenomesson is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae. All the species are native to western South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidoideae</span> Subfamily of flowering plants

Amaryllidoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. The most recent APG classification, APG III, takes a broad view of the Amaryllidaceae, which then has three subfamilies, one of which is Amaryllidoideae, and the others are Allioideae and Agapanthoideae. The subfamily consists of about seventy genera, with over eight hundred species, and a worldwide distribution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippeastrinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Hippeastrinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<i>Hippeastrum calyptratum</i> Species of flowering plant

Hippeastrum calyptratum is a flowering perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Brazil.

<i>Phycella</i> Genus of flowering plants

Phycella is a genus of herbaceous, perennial bulbous flowering plants belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. The genus consists of five species distributed from central Chile to northwestern Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Traubiinae</span> Subtribe of flowering plants

Traubiinae is a subtribe of plants classified under the tribe Hippeastreae. It belongs to the subfamily Amaryllidoideae of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eucharideae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Eucharideae is a tribe of plants within the family Amaryllidaceae. It was augmented in 2000 by Meerow et al. following a molecular phylogenetic study that revealed that many elements of the tribe Stenomesseae segregated with it, rather than separately, and were subsequently submerged in it. Further revisions were made in 2020, when three genera were merged. It forms one of the tribes of the Andean subclade of the American clade of the subfamily.

References

  1. illustration from Annales de la Société royale d’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand, Journal d’horticulture by Charles Morren (editor). Gand [Gent], Local de la Société (Casino), etc., 1845, volume 1, plate 13. Hand-coloured lithograph by Alex. Lagarde
  2. Ker Gawler, John Bellenden 1820. Botanical Register 6, plate 444 + 2 subsequent text pages full-page color illustrion, description in Latin, commentary in English
  3. Griffinia | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 27, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/330432-2
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Griffinia Ker Gawl". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  5. Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae
  6. Preuss, Kevin D. 2000. The Genus Griffinia Ker Gawler (Amaryllidaceae), Revisited. Herbertia 54(1999): 51-66.
  7. Meerow, A. W., Preuss, K. D., Fernando, A., & Tombolato, C. (2000, August). "Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential." In VIII International Symposium on Flowerbulbs 570 (pp. 57-64).
  8. Moraes, L. 2016. Griffinia intermedia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T107250175A107302180. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T107250175A107302180.pt. Accessed on 15 May 2023.
  9. Fischermann, T. (2022, February 4). Jägerin der verlorenen Düfte. ZEIT ONLINE. Retrieved July 1, 2023, from https://www.zeit.de/2022/06/pflanzenschutz-kosmetik-luiza-de-paula-the-red-list-project