Guan Ying | |
---|---|
灌嬰 | |
Chancellor | |
In office 177–176 BC | |
Monarch | Emperor Wen of Han |
Preceded by | Zhou Bo |
Succeeded by | Zhang Cang |
Personal details | |
Born | Unknown Shangqiu,Henan |
Died | c.January 176 BC |
Occupation | Military general,politician |
Posthumous name | Marquis Yi (懿侯) |
Peerage | Marquis of Yingyin (潁陰侯) |
Guan Ying (died c.January 176 BC [1] ),posthumously known as Marquis Yi of Yingyin,was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty.
Guan Ying was from Suiyang (睢陽),which is present-day Shangqiu,Henan. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty,and joined him in rebelling against the Qin dynasty. He also fought on Liu Bang's side during the Chu–Han Contention and assisted him in overcoming his rival,Xiang Yu.
After Liu Bang became emperor and established the Han dynasty,Guan Ying served as General of Chariots and Cavalry (車騎將軍). He assisted Liu Bang in putting down Chen Xi's rebellion and killed Hou Chang (侯敞),one of Chen Xi's commanders,near Quni (曲逆;around 20 miles or 32 kilometers west of present-day Baoding,Hebei) in 196 BC. [2]
Following Liu Bang's death,Empress Lü and her clan seized power from the Liu family and controlled the Han government –this event is historically known as the LüClan Disturbance. After Empress Lüdied in August 180 BCE,the prince Liu Xiang decided to rebel against the Lüclan;Guan Ying was appointed General-in-Chief (大將軍) and ordered to lead an army to suppress the revolt. However,he led his troops elsewhere instead and combined forces with Zhou Bo,Chen Ping and others who were loyal to the Liu family to oust the Lüclan from power and install Liu Heng (Emperor Wen),a son of Liu Bang,on the throne. After becoming emperor,Emperor Wen appointed Guan Ying as Grand Commandant (太尉) and subsequently promoted him to the position of Chancellor,replacing Zhou Bo. Guan Ying died in office after about a year and was given the posthumous name Marquis Yi (懿侯).
LüZhi,courtesy name E'xu (娥姁) and commonly known as Empress Lü and formally Empress Gao of Han,was the empress consort of Gaozu,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. They had two known children,Liu Ying and Princess Yuan of Lu. Lüwas the first woman to assume the title Empress of China and paramount power. After Gaozu's death,she was honoured as empress dowager and regent during the short reigns of Emperor Hui and his successors Emperor Qianshao of Han and Liu Hong.
Emperor Hui of Han was the second emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty. He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu,the first Han emperor,and the only son of Empress Lüfrom the powerful Lüclan. Han Huidi is generally remembered as a somewhat weak character dominated and terrorized by his mother,Lady Lü.
Emperor Wen of Han,born Liu Heng,was the fifth emperor of the Western Han dynasty in China from 180 to his death in 157 BCE. The son of Emperor Gao and Consort Bo,his reign provided a much needed stability within the ruling Liu clan after the unstable and violent regency of Empress Lü,who went after numerous members of the clan. The prosperous reigns of Wen and his son Emperor Jing are highly regarded by historians,being referred to as the Rule of Wen and Jing.
Emperor Jing of Han was the sixth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC. His reign saw the limiting of the power of the feudal kings/princes which resulted in the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC. Emperor Jing managed to crush the revolt and princes were thereafter denied rights to appoint ministers for their fiefs. This move helped to consolidate central power which paved the way for the long reign of his son Emperor Wu of Han.
Jin,originally known as Tang (唐),was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty,based near the centre of what was then China,on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty:the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period,its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403 BC,the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states:Han,Zhao,and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States period.
Han Xin was a Chinese military general and politician who served Liu Bang during the Chu–Han Contention and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty. Han Xin was named as one of the "Three Heroes of the early Han dynasty",along with Zhang Liang and Xiao He.
The LüClan disturbance refers to a political upheaval after the death of Empress LüZhi of the early Han dynasty. In the aftermath,her clan of Lü,(呂) were deposed from their seats of power and massacred,Emperor Houshao was deposed and Emperor Wen acceded the throne. The disturbance also sometimes refers to the total domination of the political scene by Empress LüZhi and her family after the death of her son Emperor Hui.
Fan Kuai was a military general of the early Western Han dynasty. He was a prominent figure of the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle for supremacy over China between the Han dynasty's founder,Liu Bang,and his rival,Xiang Yu.
The Battle of Gaixia was a last stand fought in December 203 BC during the Chu–Han Contention between the forces of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. The battle concluded with victory for Liu Bang,who proclaimed himself Emperor and founded the Han dynasty. This is the last major battle of the Chu-Han Contention,ending with the suicide of Xiang Yu and the undisputed rule of Liu Bang.
The Prince of Han Dynasty is a three-season Chinese television series featuring a fictionalised life story of Liu Che,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Season 1 was first broadcast on Beijing Television in 2001 in mainland China,followed by the second and third seasons in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Except for Huang Xiaoming,who played Emperor Wu in all three seasons,the cast members in each season are almost different from its preceding one.
Lu Wan was a Chinese military general,monarch,and politician that served as the vassal king of the early Han dynasty. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty.
Peng Yue,courtesy name Zhong,was a Chinese military general and politician in the late Qin dynasty and early Western Han dynasty. He was involved in the Chu–Han Contention –a power struggle between the Han dynasty's founder,Liu Bang,and his rival,Xiang Yu –as an ally of Liu Bang. In recognition of his contributions,Liu Bang granted Peng Yue the title "King of Liang" (梁王) after the Han dynasty was established.
Xiahou Ying,posthumously known as Marquis Wen of Ruyin,was a Chinese politician who served as Minister Coachman (太僕) during the early Han dynasty. He served under Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty,and fought on Liu Bang's side during the Chu–Han Contention against Liu Bang's rival,Xiang Yu. He is also sometimes referred to as the Duke of Teng in historical records.
Cao Shen or Cao Can,courtesy name Jingbo,was a Chinese politician. He served as a chancellor of the Western Han dynasty. He participated in the Chu–Han Contention on Liu Bang 's side and contributed greatly to the founding of the Han dynasty.
The Battle of Pengcheng was fought in Pengcheng in April 205 BC between the kingdoms of Western Chu and Han,led by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang respectively. The Han forces were unprepared and suffered heavy losses. Several of Liu Bang's family members were captured and some of his allies defected to Chu as a result of his defeat.
Chen Ping was a Chinese politician who served as a chancellor in the early Western Han dynasty. He was an advisor to Liu Bang,the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. He played an important role in helping Liu Bang overcome his rival,Xiang Yu,in the Chu–Han Contention.
The Han Triumph,also known as Wind Ode,is a Chinese television series based on historical events in the early Han dynasty,beginning with the founding of the dynasty by Liu Bang after his triumph over Xiang Yu,and the events leading to the reign of Liu Heng. Directed by Huang Jianzhong,the series starred Ray Lui,Wang Ji,Liu Mu,Zhang Guangbei,Chen Wei and Li Qingxiang in the leading roles. It was first broadcast on CCTV-8 in China on 17 December 2011.
Ying Bu was a warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty. He was a native of Lu County. In his early life under the Qin dynasty,Ying Bu was convicted and sentenced to qing,so he was also called Qing Bu (黥布). He was then sent to Mount Li to perform hard labour by constructing Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. He later escaped with some men and became the leader of a bandit gang. Ying Bu participated in the insurrection against the Qin dynasty after the Dazexiang Uprising broke out in 209 BC. After the uprising failed,he became part of a rebel force led by Xiang Liang. He assisted Xiang Liang's nephew and successor Xiang Yu in overthrowing the Qin dynasty. After the fall of Qin,he initially fought on Xiang Yu's side in the Chu–Han Contention,a power struggle for supremacy over China between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. However,later,he defected to Liu Bang's side and helped Liu defeat Xiang Yu and become the emperor. During this period of time,Ying Bu held the title "King of Jiujiang". In c.August 203,Liu Bang appointed Ying Bu as a vassal king and granted him the title "King of Huainan". In 196 BC,Ying Bu rebelled against the Han dynasty but was defeated and killed.
Zhou Bo,posthumously known as Marquis Wu of Jiang (绛武侯),was a Chinese military general and politician who served as a chancellor of the early Western Han dynasty.
Chen Xi was a Chinese rebel leader against the first Han emperor Liu Bang.