HMS Dryad (1866)

Last updated

HMS Dryad (1866).jpg
HMS Dryad at anchor, with sails airing
History
Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svgUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Dryad
Builder Devonport Dockyard
Laid downApril 1865 [1]
Launched25 September 1866
DecommissionedSeptember 1885
Honours and
awards
Abyssinia (1868)
FateBroken up in April 1886
General characteristics
TypeScrew Sloop
Displacement1,574 tons
Length187 ft (57 m)
Beam36 ft (11 m)
Draught17 ft (5.2 m) [2]
Installed power
Propulsion
  • Two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engine
  • Single screw
Sail plan Barque-rigged
Speed11.9 knots (22.0 km/h)
Complement150 (170 after armament converted)
Armament
  • As built:
  • 2 × 7-inch (6+12-ton) muzzle-loading rifled guns
  • 2 × 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns
  • After conversion:
  • 9 × 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns [1]

HMS Dryad was a 4-gun Amazon-class screw sloop, launched at Devonport in 1866. She served on the East Indies and North American Stations, taking part in the Abyssinian War, a confrontation with the French at Tamatave and the Egyptian War. She was sold for breaking in 1885.

Contents

Design

Designed by Edward Reed, [1] the Royal Navy Director of Naval Construction, the hull was built of oak, with teak planking and decks, and she was equipped with a ram bow. [1]

Propulsion

Propulsion was provided by a two-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engine by Ravenhill, Salkeld & Company driving a single 15 ft (4.6 m) screw. [1]

Sail plan

All the ships of the class were built with a barque rig. [1]

Armament

The class was designed with two 7-inch (180 mm), 6½-ton muzzle-loading rifled guns mounted on slides on centre-line pivots, and two 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns on broadside trucks. Dryad, Nymphe and Vestal were rearmed in the early 1870s with an armament of nine 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns, four each side and a centre-line pivot mount at the bow. [1]

History

1866–1868

Dryad's keel was laid in April 1865, [1] and she was launched on 25 September 1866. [3] On 13 February 1867, she struck rocks off Downderry, Cornwall and was beached in Whitsand Bay. The accident was attributed to her compasses being five points out. She was refloated and taken in to Plymouth, Devon for repairs. [4] Her first captain was Commander Thomas Fellowes, who took command on 3 May 1867, [5] and under whom she formed part of the East Indies Fleet. [5]

Abyssinian War (1868)

The Naval Brigade at Goon-Goona Naval Brigade at Goon-Goona.jpg
The Naval Brigade at Goon-Goona
The plateau at Arogye, overlooking the route to Magdala Magdala Landscape Composite (RLH).jpg
The plateau at Arogye, overlooking the route to Magdala
The Fortress of Magdala, prior to its destruction in April 1868 April 1868 Magdala Fortress.jpg
The Fortress of Magdala, prior to its destruction in April 1868

In 1868, the ship's company of Dryad took part in the Abyssinian War. A Naval Brigade, composed of 80 men from several ships, was landed at Zula on 25 January, and was placed under the command of Commander Fellowes. [6] They were armed with 12-pound rockets, which were ideally suited to operations in the rugged terrain of Abyssinia. William Simpson of the Illustrated London News reported that its

armament consists of twelve rocket tubes; each tube can be carried upon a mule, with two boxes of ammunition. Within fifty or sixty seconds after the order is given to prepare for action, the tubes can be made all ready and the firing may begin. [7]

The Brigade marched inland, and joined the main force under Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Napier, the Commander-in-Chief at Santara on 30 March. The "Blue Jackets" rendered valuable service during the action at Arogye on 10 April, [8] where they led the attack up the King's Road.

On 13 April, they took part in the assault and capture of Magdala, throwing rockets into the town. The Brigade sustained no casualties at Magdala, and behaved admirably, earning the warm praise of the Commander-in-Chief. [8] By 10 June, the campaign was over and the British forces had re-embarked at Zula.

Commander Philip Howard Colomb relieved Fellows as Captain of Dryad on 6 July 1868, Commander Fellows apparently being invalided out of the ship. Shortly afterwards, on 14 August, [5] Commander Fellowes was promoted to Post-Captain for his services. "Abyssinia (1868)" constitutes the second battle honour awarded to Dryad: the first, "Proserpine (1796)", was inherited from the first ship named HMS Dryad.

Anti-Slavery on the East Indies Station (1868–1872)

Dryad chases down a slave dhow in 1869 Slave-catching in the Indian Ocean (1873) (14760875981).jpg
Dryad chases down a slave dhow in 1869
Former slave Cupid, of HMS Dryad Cupid of the Dryad.jpg
Former slave Cupid, of HMS Dryad

Dryad continued to serve on the East Indies Station until 1872. Under Colomb she worked in and around the Persian Gulf, Oman and Zanzibar, engaged in the suppression of slavery. Colomb's experiences are captured in his book Slave-catching in the Indian Ocean: A record of naval experiences, published by Longmans of London in 1873. He captured seven slave ships [9] during his two years in the Indian Ocean, and returned to Britain a lionised figure, courted by the press.

Commander George Parsons relieved Colomb on 11 April 1870 and commanded Dryad until 26 April 1872.

Out of commission (1872–1874)

Dryad's first commission ended on 26 April 1872, [6] when Commander Parsons left her in Devonport. Normal practice of the time was for the ship's company to leave the ship upon decommissioning, with the exception of a few specialists, including the shipwright and gunner, who would have been accommodated in another vessel. The dockyard would have taken her in hand for a refit, and she would have recommissioned, with a new captain and crew, on completion.

North American and West Indies Station (1874–1879)

Commander Compton Edward Domvile re-commissioned Dryad on 13 August 1874 and took her to the North America and West Indies Station.[ citation needed ] On 8 September HMS Dryad and HMS Heron rescued the passengers and crew from the wreck of the British steamship Shannon, which had been wrecked on a reef 80 nautical miles (150 km) south south west of Port Royal, Jamaica. [10] Domville, who went on to become Admiral Sir Compton Domville, was promoted to Captain on 27 March 1876. He was relieved in 1877 by Commander John Edward Stokes, who commanded her until 14 December 1877.[ citation needed ] On 6 November 1876. Dryad ran aground at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. She was refloated. [11]

Out of commission (1877–1879)

From 1877 to 1879 she was out of commission at Devonport. Her Chief Engineer and Carpenter were carried on the books of HMS Indus. During this period her armament was changed from a mixture of 7-inch and 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns to nine 64-pounder muzzle-loading rifled guns. [1]

East Indies Station (1879–1882)

Commander John Hext joined Dryad on 18 December 1879, and commanded her in the East Indies Station until 30 June 1882. He was succeeded as Captain by Commander Charles Johnstone.

Tamatave (1883)

On 15 February 1883, François Césaire de Mahy, who was a Réunion deputy and French Minister of Agriculture (and at the time also temporarily filled the post of Minister of Marine), ordered Rear Admiral Pierre to enforce French claims in Madagascar, starting the first Franco-Hova War. [12] Pierre's squadron arrived at Tamatave on 31 May to find Dryad already anchored in the roadstead. The French delivered an ultimatum to the foreign consuls to withdraw, but Mr Pakenham, the British consul, was already a seriously ill man; seven hours after the ultimatum was delivered he died of his illness. Commander Johnstone, already intending to protect the interests of British residents, readily took on the duty of consul. As well as the inevitable damage and distress caused in the bombardment, further controversy was added when Admiral Pierre arrested an Englishman:

The French Admiral, after delivering an ultimatum, which was rejected, bombarded and occupied Tamatave, and destroyed other Hova establishments on the East coast. Mr Shaw, an English medical missionary, was established at Tamatave, and beyond rendering medical assistance to the wounded natives, took no part in the struggle. Nevertheless, his dispensary was broken into, he was arrested, accused of poisoning French soldiers [footnote: Who had made themselves ill by appropriating and drinking his claret – that was all.], and was closely confined as a prisoner on the French flagship. [13]

Admiral Pierre took possession of Tamatave on 11 June, and a standoff ensued between the two navies. On 16 July, the New York Times was able to report that

The Captain of the English war vessel Dryad has offended the French by landing a guard of marines at the British consulate, and placing his boats at the disposal of fugitives. [14]

In Britain, the press railed against 'French atrocities' and in France the equally virulent media insisted that the British were too inclined to exceed their rights as neutrals. Coming at the same time as a French expedition to Indochina, and seeking to maintain cordial relations, the issues were downplayed by both governments. On 14 August, Admiral Galiber sailed from Toulon to relieve Pierre, arriving in Madagascar in October. [15] The French intervention in Madagascar had moved the region towards French domination, but it was not until 1895 that the entire island came under their control. Much of the reason for this ten-year delay is the delaying tactics of Commander Johnstone; as well as being hailed for his tact and heroism by the British press, he was promoted to Captain on 21 November. [16] He left Dryad in January 1884.

Egyptian War (1884)

"With a desperate rush they reached the sailors", plate from Chapter VII of G A Henty's The Dash for Khartoum, 1892 With a desperate rush they reached the sailors.jpg
"With a desperate rush they reached the sailors", plate from Chapter VII of G A Henty's The Dash for Khartoum, 1892

Commander Edward Grey Hulton took command in January 1884, [17] and under his command some of her ship's company formed part of the Naval Brigade which accompanied the army under General Sir Gerald Graham. The Naval contingent consisted of 150 seamen and 400 Royal Marines. They came from a number of ships lying off Suakin which joined others at Trinkitat to offload the Expeditionary Force.

After marching inland, the Brigade took part in the battle of El Teb. It was at this battle that Captain Arthur Knyvet Wilson of HMS Hecla earned the Victoria Cross for his conspicuous bravery in fighting with his fists, and saving one corner of the British square from being broken. After the battle of El Teb, the General Commanding issued a general order in which he especially thanked the Naval Brigade for their cheerful endurance during the severe work of dragging the guns over difficult country, and for their ready gallantry and steadiness under fire. On 11 March, the Naval Brigade advanced from Suakin with the troops for the dispersal of the Arab forces who were beleaguering Sinkat.

On 12 March, the expeditionary force took part in the Battle of Tamai. The Naval Brigade charged the Arabs, was surrounded, and lost their guns. Order was at length restored, and the Naval Brigade, advancing again, had the satisfaction of regaining all their guns; the Arab forces retired after suffering a loss of 2,000 killed. The total British loss was 109 killed and 104 wounded, of which the Naval Brigade lost 3 officers and 7 men killed, and 1 officer and 6 seamen wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Houston Stewart of Dryad, who died while defending the guns

Decommissioning and fate

HMS Dryad moored to a buoy HMS Dryad at a buoy.jpg
HMS Dryad moored to a buoy

Dryad was decommissioned for the last time at Sheerness [6] in November 1884. She was sold in September 1885 and broken up in April 1886. [1]

Commanding officers

FromToCaptain
3 May 18676 July 1868Commander Thomas Hounsom Butler Fellowes [18]
6 July 186811 April 1870Commander Philip Howard Colomb [18]
11 April 187026 April 1872Commander George Parsons [18]
26 April 187213 August 1874Out of commission (Plymouth)
13 August 18741877Commander Compton Edward Domvile [18]
187714 December 1877Commander John Edward Stokes [18]
14 December 187718 December 1879Out of commission (Plymouth)
18 December 187930 June 1882Commander John Hext [18]
30 June 1882January 1884Commander Charles Johnstone [18]
January 188410 November 1884Commander Edward Grey Hulton [18]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN   978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC   52620555.
  2. 1 2 "Cruisers at Battleships-Cruisers website" . Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  3. "HMS Dryad at the Naval Database website" . Retrieved 17 September 2008.
  4. "Naval and Military". Daily News. No. 6485. London. 15 February 1867.
  5. 1 2 3 "William Loney RN website – Thomas Hounsom Butler Fellowes Biography" . Retrieved 8 March 2008.
  6. 1 2 3 "William Loney RN website – HMS Dryad Biography" . Retrieved 8 March 2008.
  7. Diary of a Journey to Abyssinia 1868: The Diary and Observations of William Simpson, by William Simpson, Richard Pankhurst, Frederic Sharf, published by Tsehai Publishers, 2002, ISBN   0-9723172-1-X
  8. 1 2 "The history of the name Dryad at Battleships-Cruisers website" . Retrieved 8 March 2008.
  9. Lewis-Jones, Huw. "The Royal Navy and the Battle to End Slavery". BBC. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  10. "The Mails". The Times. No. 28436. London. 2 October 1875. col F, p. 5.
  11. "A Series of Naval Disasters". Leeds Mercury. No. 12062. Leeds. 6 December 1876.
  12. An Economic History of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895:The Rise and Fall of an Island Empire, by Gwyn Campbell, Cambridge University Press, 2005 ISBN   0-521-83935-1
  13. A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races, by Harry Hamilton Johnston, University Press, Cambridge, 1905 reprinted by the Adamant Media Corporation, 2002, ISBN   0-543-95979-1
  14. New York Times, 16 July 1883
  15. New York Times, 29 July 1883
  16. "William Loney RN Website – biography of Charles Johnstone" . Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  17. "William Loney RN Website – biography of Edward Hulton" . Retrieved 13 May 2008.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "HMS Dryad at William Loney website" . Retrieved 17 September 2008.

Related Research Articles

HMS <i>Shah</i> (1873) Frigate of the Royal Navy

The first HMS Shah was a 19th-century unarmoured iron hulled, wooden sheathed frigate of Britain's Royal Navy designed by Sir Edward Reed. She was originally to be named HMS Blonde but was renamed following the visit of the Shah of Persia in 1873.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astley Cooper Key</span> Royal Navy Admiral (1821-1888)

Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key, was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado in November 1845 during the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata and took part at the Battle of Bomarsund in August 1854 and the Bombardment of Sveaborg in August 1855 during the Crimean War. He also went ashore with the naval brigade to take part in the Battle of Canton in December 1857 during the Second Opium War. He later commanded a specially-formed Baltic Fleet created in February 1878 to intimidate Russia from entering Constantinople during the closing stages of the Russo-Turkish War. He became First Naval Lord in August 1879 in which role he was primarily interested in administration and technology rather than strategy: he kept the cost of running the Navy within budgets, sanctioned the construction of six Admiral-class battleships and ensured the Navy was properly prepared for the Panjdeh Incident in 1885 when Russian forces seized Afghan territory at Panjdeh.

Admiral Sir William Fanshawe Martin, 4th Baronet,, was a Royal Navy officer. As a commander, he provided valuable support to British merchants at Callao in Peru in the early 1820s during the Peruvian War of Independence. He became First Naval Lord in the Second Derby–Disraeli ministry in March 1858 and in that capacity acted as a strong advocate for the procurement of Britain's first ironclad warship. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet and in that role provided important assistance during the Italian disturbances in 1860 and 1861, reformed the system of discipline in his fleet and developed a comprehensive system of manoeuvres for steam ships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon</span>

Admiral Arthur William Acland Hood, 1st Baron Hood of Avalon, was an officer of the Royal Navy. As a junior officer he took part in the capture of Acre during the Oriental Crisis in 1840 and went ashore with the naval brigade at the defence of Eupatoria in November 1854 during the Crimean War. He became First Naval Lord in June 1885 and in that role was primarily concerned with enshrining into law the recommendations contained in a report on the disposition of the ships of the Royal Navy many of which were unarmoured and together incapable of meeting the combined threat from any two of the other naval powers : these recommendations were contained in the Naval Defence Act 1889.

HMS <i>Plumper</i> (1848) Sloop of the Royal Navy

HMS Plumper was part of the 1847 programme, she was ordered on the 25 of April as a steam schooner from Woolwich Dockyard with the name Pincher. However, the reference Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. College, (c) 2020 there is no entry that associates this name to this build. The vessel was reordered on August 12 as an 8-gun sloop as designed by John Fincham, Master Shipwright at Portsmouth. Launched in 1848, she served three commissions, firstly on the West Indies and North American Station, then on the West Africa Station and finally in the Pacific Station. It was during her last commission as a survey ship that she left her most enduring legacy; in charting the west coast of British Columbia she left her name and those of her ship's company scattered across the charts of the region. She paid off for the last time in 1861 and was finally sold for breaking up in 1865.

HMS <i>Hydra</i> (1838) Sloop of the Royal Navy

HMS Hydra was the lead ship of her class of wooden steam paddle sloops of the British Royal Navy, launched in 1838 at Chatham Dockyard. After taking part in operations during the Syrian War in 1840, she then served on anti-slavery operations and also as a survey vessel. She was scrapped in 1870.

HMS <i>Inconstant</i> (1868) British screw frigate

HMS Inconstant was an unarmored, iron-hulled, screw frigate built for the Royal Navy in the late 1860s. Upon completion in 1869, she was the fastest warship in the world and was assigned to the Channel Squadron. Two years later the ship was transferred to the Detached Squadron for a brief time before she was paid off into reserve in 1872. Inconstant was recommissioned in 1880 for service with the Flying Squadron that circumnavigated the world in 1880–82. On the return voyage, the ship was diverted to Egypt during the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 and played a minor role supporting operations ashore. She was reduced to reserve again after her return and was served as an accommodation ship in 1897. Inconstant was hulked in 1904 and became a training ship in 1906. She continued in that role, under a variety of names, until she was sold for scrap in 1955 and subsequently broken up, the second-to-last surviving Pembroke-built warship in existence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compton Domvile (Royal Navy officer)</span> Royal Navy Admiral (1842-1924)

Admiral Sir Compton Edward Domvile, was a distinguished Royal Navy officer in the Edwardian and Victorian eras.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Wellesley</span> British Lord of the Admiralty (1814–1901)

Admiral Sir George Greville Wellesley was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he took part in the capture of Acre during the Oriental Crisis in 1840 and, as Captain of HMS Cornwallis in the Baltic Fleet, he took part in the Bombardment of Sveaborg in August 1855 during the Crimean War. He went on to be Commander-in-Chief of the North America and West Indies Station and then Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Squadron but was relieved of the latter post by a court-martial after an incident in which an armoured frigate, which had been under his command at the time, ran aground at Pearl Rock off Gibraltar in July 1871. He was appointed First Naval Lord in November 1877 and in that capacity he secured a considerable increase in naval construction, for example on the Colossus-class battleships, although some of these ships were of doubtful quality.

HMS <i>Agincourt</i> (1817) Vengeur-class ship of the line

HMS Agincourt was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 19 March 1817 at Devonport.

HMS Highflyer was a 21-gun wooden screw frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built on the River Thames by C J Mare and launched on 13 August 1851. She spent twenty years in service, including action in the Crimean War and the Second Opium War, before being broken up at Portsmouth in May 1871.

HMS <i>Bombay</i> (1805) Frigate of the Royal Navy

HCS Bombay, later HMS Bombay and HMS Ceylon, was a teak-built fifth rate, 38-gun wooden warship built in the Bombay Dockyard for the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) and launched in 1793. The Royal Navy purchased her in 1805 and renamed her HMS Bombay. She served with the Royal Navy under that name until 1 July 1808, when she became HMS Ceylon. She was sold at Malta in 1857 and broken up in 1861.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Fellowes (Royal Navy officer, born 1827)</span>

Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Hounsom Butler Fellowes was an English officer in the Royal Navy during the Victorian era.

HMS <i>Romney</i> (1762) British 50-gun fourth rate

HMS Romney was a 50-gun fourth rate of the Royal Navy. She served during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in a career that spanned forty years. Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Romney. The origins of the name are from the town of New Romney, although it may be that the name entered the Royal Navy in honour of Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney.

Admiral Sir Lawrence William Halsted GCB was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

HMS <i>Niger</i> (1846) Sloop of the Royal Navy

HMS Niger was originally slated to be built as a Sampson designed sloop; however, she was ordered as a First-Class sloop with screw propulsion on 20 February 1845 to be built at Woolwich Dockyard, along the design developed by Oliver Lang and with a hull like the Basilisk designed paddle sloops. Her armament and engine were to be like the Encounter Design building at Pembroke. A second vessel (Florentia) was ordered on 26 March 1846 but after her keel was laid at Pembroke Dockyard, her construction was suspended on 6 October 1846 then cancelled three years later, on 22 May 1849. Niger She conducted important propulsion trials, finally proving the superiority of screw propulsion and served in West Africa, the Crimea, China, the East Indies and Australia. She took part in the New Zealand wars in 1860 and was sold for breaking in 1869.

HMS <i>Eclipse</i> (1860) Gunvessel of the Royal Navy

HMS Eclipse was a four-gun Cormorant-class first-class gunvessel launched in 1860 from the shipyard of J. Scott Russell & Co., Millwall. She served on the Australia Station, took part in the Second Taranaki War, including contributing men to a naval brigade which attacked the Maori stronghold at Gate Pā. The entire class were never satisfactory as gunvessels, partly due to their excessive draught, and Eclipse was broken up at Sheerness in 1867, only seven years after her launch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Cumming (Royal Navy officer)</span> Royal Navy admiral

Admiral Sir Arthur Cumming was an officer of the Royal Navy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet</span> British admiral (1806–1896)

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1st Baronet,, was a Royal Navy officer. As a captain on the North America and West Indies Station he was employed capturing slave-traders and carrying out fishery protection duties. He served as a Junior Naval Lord under both Liberal and Conservative administrations and was put in charge of organising British and French transports during the Crimean War. He became Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station and in this role he acted with diplomacy, especially in response to the Trent Affair on 8 November 1861 during the American Civil War, when USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail packet RMS Trent and removed, as contraband of war, two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. He became First Naval Lord in the third Derby–Disraeli ministry in July 1866 and in this role took advantage of the Government's focus on spending reduction to ask fundamental questions about naval strategy. He again became First Naval Lord in the first Gladstone ministry in November 1872, remaining in office under the second Disraeli ministry and identifying the critical need for trade protection at times of war and demanding new cruisers to protect British merchant shipping.

Admiral Kenelm Somerville, 17th Lord Somerville was a Royal Navy officer and Scottish hereditary peer. He joined the navy in 1801 and served throughout the Napoleonic Wars, fighting at the invasion of Isle de France, Battle of Tamatave, and invasion of Java. He was promoted to commander in 1811 and in 1813 took command of the troopship HMS Thames which he sailed to North America to fight in the War of 1812. Promoted to post-captain in 1814, he commanded a flotilla in the expedition that burned Washington. Somerville retired from the navy in 1846 and continued to be promoted on the retired list, becoming an admiral in 1862. He inherited the title of Lord Somerville from his brother in 1842 and died at Newbold Comyn in 1864 at the age of 76.

References