HMS Sceptre (S104)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Sceptre.

History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Sceptre
Operator	Royal Navy
Ordered	1 November 1971
Builder	Vickers
Laid down	19 February 1974
Launched	20 November 1976
Sponsored by	Lady Audrey White
Commissioned	14 February 1978
Decommissioned	10 December 2010 at Devonport [1]
Homeport	Faslane
Motto	Honour With Authority
Status	Decommissioned
Badge
General characteristics
Class and type	Swiftsure-class submarine
Displacement	4,900 tonnes (dived)
Length	82.9 m (272 ft 0 in)
Beam	9.8 m (32 ft 2 in)
Draught	8.5 m (27 ft 11 in)
Propulsion	1 × Rolls-Royce pressurised water nuclear reactor (PWR1)
Speed	In excess of 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), dived
Complement	116 officers and ratings
Armament	5 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes Spearfish torpedoes RN Sub Harpoon missiles Tomahawk missiles

The fifth HMS Sceptre is a Swiftsure-class submarine built by Vickers in Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched in 1976, with a bottle of cider against her hull. ^[1] She was commissioned on 14 February 1978, by Lady Audrey White. She was the tenth nuclear fleet submarine to enter service with the Royal Navy. She was decommissioned on 10 December 2010, at which time she was the oldest commissioned vessel in the Royal Navy still available for service; ^[2] in total around 1,500 men served aboard during her commission. ^[3] In theory, she is replaced by the first Astute-class submarine in service, HMS Astute. ^{[1] [4] [5]}

Service

Collision with a Soviet submarine

Sceptre has suffered several severe accidents in her career. On 23 May 1981 she collided with a Soviet submarine ( K-211 ) and her reactor's protection systems would have performed an automatic emergency shutdown (scrammed the reactor), but her captain ordered the safety mechanisms overridden (battleshort enabled). The crew were told to say that they had hit an iceberg.

Much of Sceptre's forward outer casing was torn away; there was damage to the fin with the bridge no longer there; and the propeller of the Russian boat had cut into the pressure hull. This incident was disclosed when David Forghan, Sceptre's former weapons officer, gave a television interview which was broadcast on 19 September 1991. The Soviet submarine collided with was K-211 of the Delta III class, which on 23 May 1981 collided with an unknown submarine, identified at the time as an unknown Sturgeon-class American submarine. ^{[6] [7]}

1987 refit

In 1987 Sceptre was fitted with an improved reactor core (Core Z). In March 1990, there was a coolant leak while Sceptre was at Devonport. On 20 October 1991, there was a fire onboard while the boat was moored at Faslane. In August 1995 Sceptre was forced to abort her patrol and return to Faslane after suffering, in the words of the Ministry of Defence, "an unspecified fault in the propulsion system." A defect in Sceptre's reactor was discovered in 1998, though its seriousness was not appreciated until after the investigation of another serious accident.^{[ citation needed ]}

Scotia incident (1989)

In November 2010, it was reported in Hansard that Sceptre had snagged the nets of the fishing vessel Scotia in November 1989. ^[8]

Propulsion trial accident (2000)

On 6 March 2000 Sceptre suffered a serious accident while inside a drydock at the Rosyth yards while undergoing trials towards the end of a major refit. The test involved flooding the drydock, and running the main engines slowly with steam supplied from the shore. However, too much steam was used and the engines went to full speed. Sceptre broke her moorings and shot forward off the cradle she rested on. The steam line ruptured, scaffolding buckled, a crane was pushed forward some 15 feet, and the submarine moved forward some 20 yards (18 m) inside the dock. ^[9]

Return to active service (2003)

The investigation into the runaway also looked at Sceptre's reactor problems, and recommended that the boat be scrapped.^{[ citation needed ]} In January 2002, with Sceptre still laid up, Defence Minister Adam Ingram declared that the problem was "small original fabrication imperfections" in the reactor pressure vessel. ^[10] He could not say how long it would take to inspect and repair the problem. ^[10] In March 2003, Sceptre left Rosyth Dockyard, after being in refit for six years, to undertake sea trials; she was the last submarine refitted in Rosyth. ^[11] In late October 2003, Sceptre completed her post-refit sea trials and returned to active service. ^[12]

Gibraltar controversy (2005)

On 3 February 2005, Sceptre put in at Gibraltar for repairs, expecting to leave within six days. British officials assured Spanish officials that damage is in the cooling system of the boat's diesel generator, not to the nuclear propulsion system. (Tireless spent much of 2000 at Gibraltar repairing a leak in her reactor coolant system.) Nonetheless, Spain's Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos registered Spain's "firm protest" with Jack Straw, and insisted that Sceptre be the last British submarine repaired at Gibraltar. ^[13] In addition, Peter Caruana, Gibraltar's Chief Minister, claimed that he had been misinformed about the repairs by the British Ministry of Defence, and that he had learned the true extent of the problems from Spanish sources. London officials had told him that the repairs were all external, neglecting to mention the diesel generator's cooling system. ^[13] On 7 February 2005, British military spokeswoman Katherine Purdhoe announced that repairs had been completed; the boat left Gibraltar on 9 February. ^[14]

Fate

HMS Sceptre was sent to the Falkland Islands to support the British garrison in March 2010, during Desire Petroleum's exploratory oil drilling. ^[15]

Sceptre returned to Devonport for the last time in May 2010 and was decommissioned on 10 December 2010 after 32 years of service. ^{[16] [2]} Her decommissioning ceremony was witnessed by 450 people and was conducted by Royal Naval Chaplain Rev. Bernard Clarke; in attendance was also the Mayor of Wigan, Michael Winstanley, as a representative of the town she long had an affiliation with. ^[3] As of 2020, she is docked at HMNB Devonport, Plymouth awaiting dismantling. ^[3]

Affiliations

• The town of Wigan. ^{[3] [17]}
• Scots Guards. ^[17]
• Yorkshire University Royal Naval Unit (YURNU).^{[ citation needed ]}

References

1. Sceptre's Apple Bye, Navy News, August 2010, p. 11.
2. "Royal Naval submarine decommissioned at Plymouth". Royal Navy website. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
3. Eve Watson (8 November 2020). "Devonport Dockyard's 12 nuclear submarines and the history behind them". The Herald .
4. House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 3 Sep 2007 (Column 1631W)
5. House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 3 Sep 2007 (Column 1442W)
6. Российский Подводныи Флот (Russian Submarine Fleet) at submarine.id.ru, collision #22 (Russian language) Archived 4 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
7. Ballantyne, Iain (2013). Hunter Killers. London: Orion. pp. 331–334. ISBN   9781409144182.
8. "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 02 Nov 2010 (Pt 0001)".
9. "Nuclear submarine breaks loose in refitting bay tests". The Herald . 6 March 2000.
10. "Written Answers to Questions - Defence, Naval Vessels". parliament.uk. 9 January 2002.
11. "Sceptre marks end of an era" (PDF). Navy News . August 2003.
12. "HMS Sceptre News". royalnavy.mod.uk. Royal Navy. 21 October 2003. Archived from the original on 21 November 2003.
13. "Spain and Gibraltar unite against stricken submarine". The Times . 5 February 2005.
14. "Gran Bretaña: submarino nuclear listo para dejar Gibraltar". Laredo Morning Times (in Spanish). 6 February 2005.
15. "HMS Sceptre Heads To Falklands". MoD news. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
16. "Life on Board a British Nuclear Submarine".
17. "HMS Sceptre Affiliations". www.royalnavy.mod.uk. Archived from the original on 11 September 2004.