 a number of May 1757 | |
| Founder(s) | Antonio Bernardi |
|---|---|
| Founded | 14 August 1749 |
| Language | Italian |
| Ceased publication | 15 June 1859 |
| City | Modena |
Il Messaggiere, from 1800 Il Messaggere (English: "The Messenger"), was a newspaper published in Modena between 1749 and 1859, with some interruptions during the Napoleonic era. It was the official newspaper of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio.
After the last number in 1700 of the Modona no other newspaper was printed in Modena till Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena, requested to Abbot Antonio Bernardi to start publishing the Messaggiere. [1] Bernardi, whose nickname was as Abate Falloppia, used to publish in Venice an handwritten avviso titled Europa [lower-alpha 1] and moved to Modena in summer 1749. The first number of the Messaggiere is dated 14 August 1749. [1] [lower-alpha 2] It was issued on a weekly basis the Wednesdays and the printers had been Tip. Zuliani Claudio e Antonio and later Soliani Bartolomeo. [3]
An article published in the Messaggiere on 27 July 1756 hurt the prime minister Felice Antonio Bianchi, who obtained from the Duke the dismissal of Bernardi: his last number of the newspaper was published on 25 August 1756. [lower-alpha 3] On 1 September 1756 the newspaper was issued by the new publisher Pellegrino Niccolò Loschi. [4] [lower-alpha 4] It was always issued on a weekly basis and the printers was Tip. Eredi di Bartolomeo Soliani. [3] The image near the title was a courier riding a horse to a town on the right: on 25 May 1757 the image was reverted, with the town on the left. [2]
The newspaper covered the main public events in Modena but the most of the space was dedicated to foreign affairs, in particular to the ones relevant to the Habsburg Empire. To Loschi followed other publishers, all very careful to follow the political line of the Duke: Camillo Tori from 6 June 1759, Mr. Renza from 1761, Giuseppe Maria Cavi from 1770, Giovan Battista Munarini from 1782 to 1796. [5]
From 1 July 1767 the design of the first page changed: the only image was the coat of arms of the House of Este, who ruled the Duchy of Modena, without headlines and the title was Il Messaggiere nestled into the coat of arms. From 1 March 1780 it retained only the coat of arms without any title.
The last number of the Messaggiere during the Ancien Régime was published on 4 May 1796, three days before the Duke Ercole III d'Este fled to Venice because of the French invasion. During the Napoleonic era the Messaggiere returned to be published two times, from 22 January to 18 June 1800 and from 16 January to 27 December 1805, always edited by the Soliani with the coat of arms of the Este and the usual title. [5] The closures were due in 1800 to the victory of Napoleon in the Battle of Marengo and in 1805 to disagreements with the French government.
With the dissolution of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy in 1814, following the Battle of Waterloo, the Duchy of Modena and Reggio was restored, and the newspaper was again published by the Solians starting from 4 January 1815, with the title Il Messaggiere Modenese on a biweekly basis. [3] In 1822 it passed from the Soliani Printing house to the Printing press of the Government. [lower-alpha 5] [5]
As the official newspaper of Duchy it run till 18 April 1848, when it ceased due to the Revolutions of 1848. The Il Messaggere was published again from 1 September 1848, [lower-alpha 6] merging also the experience of other reactionary newspapers published in Modena. [lower-alpha 7] The newspaper in these years had had a circulation of about five hundred copies, [5] and was published three times a week, on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and sometimes also the Saturdays in a half edition.
After the Battle of Magenta, on 11 June 1859 Francis V, Duke of Modena fled marking the end of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. The 10 June the Messaggere had been published in the usual form for the last time, on 15 June it retained the old name but substituted the coat of arms of the House of Austria-Este with the one of the House of Savoy, on 20 June it changed the name into Gazzetta di Modena.
The Gazzetta di Modena, which wanted to be the official newspaper of the Government of the town, had a circulation of about two thousand copies. The last number was published on 30 October 1862. [5]
The House of Este is a European dynasty of North Italian origin whose members ruled parts of Italy and Germany for many centuries.
Girolamo Tiraboschi S.J. was an Italian literary critic, the first historian of Italian literature.
The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was an Italian state created in 1452 located in Northwestern Italy, in the present day region of Emilia-Romagna. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble House of Este, and since 1814 by the Austria-Este branch of the family. The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the Renaissance and Baroque periods.
Francis V, Duke of Modena, Reggio and Guastalla, Archduke of Austria-Este, Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Mirandola and of Massa, Prince of Carrara was a reigning prince. He was Duke of Modena, Reggio, and Mirandola, Duke of Guastalla from 1847 and Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara from 1846 to 1859. His parents were Francis IV of Modena and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy. He was the last reigning Duke of Modena before the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
This is a list of rulers of the estates owned by the Este family, which main line of Marquesses rose in 1039 with Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan. The name "Este" is related to the city where the family came from, Este.
Virginia de' Medici was an Italian princess, a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess of Modena and Reggio.
The Battle of Zappolino, the only battle of the War of the Oaken Bucket, was fought in November 1325 between forces representing the Italian towns of Bologna and Modena, an incident in the series of raids and reprisals between the two cities that were part of the larger conflicts of Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Modenese were victorious. Though many clashes between Guelphs and Ghibellines loomed larger to contemporaries than to historians, the unusually-large encounter involved 4,000 estimated cavalry and some 35,000 foot soldiers, and 2,000 men lost their lives. The location of the battle, at the foot of a hill just outside the castle walls, is now a frazione of the municipality of Castello di Serravalle, Emilia-Romagna.
The Sala del Tricolore, formerly the Patriotic Hall, is an historical hall that currently serves as the council chamber of the comune of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy. It was designed by the architect Lodovico Bolognini as the archive of the ducal family of Este. In the Sala del Tricolore, on 7 January 1797, the flag of Italy was born, hence the name of the hall. Adjacent to the room is the Tricolour Flag Museum, whose collection is made up of relics related to the Italian flag.
Sassuolo is an Italian town, comune, and industrial centre of the Province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna.
The Duchy of Ferrara was a state in what is now northern Italy. It consisted of about 1,100 km2 south of the lower Po River, stretching to the valley of the lower Reno River, including the city of Ferrara. The territory that was part of the Duchy was ruled by the House of Este from 1146 to 1597.
Ciro Menotti was an Italian patriot.
Girolamo Graziani was an Italian poet and diplomat.
Emilian is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the northwestern part of Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy.
The War of the Bucket or the War of the Oaken Bucket was fought in 1325 between the rival city-states of Bologna and Modena. It took place in the region of Emilia-Romagna, in northern Italy. The war was an episode in the over 300-year-long struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines. Modena won the Battle of Zappolino, the only battle of the war.
Fulvio Testi was an Italian diplomat and poet who is recognised as one of the main exponents of 17th-century Italian Baroque literature. He worked in the service of the d'Este dukes in Modena, for whom he held high office, such as the governorship of Garfagnana. His poems tackle civic themes in solemn tones, showing Testi's lasting anti-Spanish and, consequently, pro-Savoia political passions. Accused of treason for having tried to set up diplomatic relations with the French court, he was imprisoned and died in jail soon after. One later literary critic wrote:
If he'd been born in a less barbarous age, and had had more time than he did to cultivate his talent, he would doubtless have been our Horace, and perhaps been hotter and more vehement and more sublime than the Latin man
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
Giovanni Rocca was an Italian engraver.
The Castle of the Pico is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy.
The flag of Tuscany is the official flag of the region of Tuscany, Italy. The flag depicts a silver Pegasus rampant on a white field between two horizontal red bands. The flag first appeared as a gonfalon on 20 May 1975 along with accompanying text Regione Toscana above the Pegasus. It was officially adopted as the flag of Tuscany on 3 February 1995.