Nightwear –also called sleepwear,or nightclothes –is clothing designed to be worn while sleeping. The style of nightwear worn may vary with the seasons,with warmer styles being worn in colder conditions and vice versa. Some styles or materials are selected to be visually appealing or erotic in addition to their functional purposes.
ASTM International,formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials,is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials,products,systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken,Pennsylvania,about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.
The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission is an independent agency of the United States government. The CPSC seeks to promote the safety of consumer products by addressing "unreasonable risks" of injury;developing uniform safety standards;and conducting research into product-related illness and injury. In part due to its small size,the CPSC attempts to coordinate with outside parties—including companies and consumer advocates—to leverage resources and expertise to achieve outcomes that advance consumer safety. The agency was created in 1972 through the Consumer Product Safety Act. The agency reports to Congress and the President;it is not part of any other department or agency in the federal government. The CPSC has five commissioners,who are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate for staggered seven-year terms. Historically,the commission was often run by three commissioners or fewer. Since 2009,however,the agency has generally been led by five commissioners,one of whom serves as chairman. The commissioners set policy for the CPSC. The CPSC is headquartered in Bethesda,Maryland.
A rare-earth magnet is a strong permanent magnet made from alloys of rare-earth elements. Developed in the 1970s and 1980s,rare-earth magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets made,producing significantly stronger magnetic fields than other types such as ferrite or alnico magnets. The magnetic field typically produced by rare-earth magnets can exceed 1.2 teslas,whereas ferrite or ceramic magnets typically exhibit fields of 0.5 to 1 tesla.
The 2006 South Carolina State Elections took place on November 7,2006,and included the gubernatorial election. All nine popularly elected constitutional officers were up for reelection,and all races except the Attorney General's were contested. The entire South Carolina House of Representatives,one state senator and six state circuit solicitors were also up for election. Several constitutional amendments were also on the ballot.
The Consumer Safety Act (CPSA) was enacted on October 27,1972,by the United States Congress. The act should not be confused with an earlier Senate Joint Resolution 33 of November 20,1967,which merely established a temporary National Commission on Product Safety (NCPS),and for only 90-days. Section 4 of the 1972 act established the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as a permanent independent agency of the United States federal government and defined its basic authority. The act gives CPSC the power to develop safety standards and pursue recalls for products that present unreasonable or substantial risks of injury or death to consumers. It also allows CPSC to ban a product if there is no feasible alternative to an outright ban. CPSC has jurisdiction over more than 15,000 different consumer products. The CPSA excludes from jurisdiction those products that expressly lie in another federal agency's jurisdiction,for example food,drugs,cosmetics,medical devices,tobacco products,firearms and ammunition,motor vehicles,pesticides,aircraft,and boats. These products may fall under the purview of agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration,the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco,Firearms and Explosives,the U.S. Department of Agriculture,the U.S. Department of Transportation,the U.S. Environment Protection Agency,and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration.
Nancy Ann Nord is an American former commissioner of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). She served alongside Hal Stratton,Anne Northup,and Ann Marie Buerkle.
Toy safety is the practice of ensuring that toys,especially those made for children,are safe,usually through the application of set safety standards. In many countries,commercial toys must be able to pass safety tests in order to be sold. In the U.S.,some toys must meet national standards,while other toys may not have to meet a defined safety standard. In countries where standards exist,they exist in order to prevent accidents,but there have still been some high-profile product recalls after such problems have occurred. The danger is often not due to faulty design;usage and chance both play a role in injury and death incidents as well.
Jim Rex was the 16th South Carolina Superintendent of Education. He ran for the position in 2006 as a Democrat,against Karen Floyd,a Republican. Rex defeated Floyd by only 455 votes,the closest margin of victory in a statewide election in South Carolina's history. He was sworn in as superintendent on January 10,2007,replacing fellow Democrat Inez Tenenbaum. In 2014,Rex co-founded a new political party –the American Party of South Carolina.
Kids in Danger (KID) is an American non-profit dedicated to educating parents,training engineers,designers,and manufacturers,and advocating for improvements in children's product safety in cribs,toys,bathtub seats,bunk beds,car seats,carriers,costumes,crib bumpers,high chairs,gates,play yards,strollers,walkers,and other potentially dangerous items. Its website supplies listings of products recalled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission and provides suggestions and information on how to protect children. KID also works alongside other groups such as the Consumer Federation of America and Consumer Reports in order to improve product safety.
Child-resistant packaging or CR packaging is special packaging used to reduce the risk of children ingesting hazardous materials. This is often accomplished by the use of a special safety cap. It is required by regulation for prescription drugs,over-the-counter medications,Nicotine Containing Electronic Cigarette devices or Refill containers that can contain Nicotine EUTPD 36.7 pesticides,and household chemicals. In some jurisdictions,unit packaging such as blister packs is also regulated for child safety.
The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) of 2008 is a United States law signed on August 14,2008 by President George W. Bush. The legislative bill was known as HR 4040,sponsored by Congressman Bobby Rush (D-Ill.). On December 19,2007,the U.S. House approved the bill 407-0. On March 6,2008,the U.S. Senate approved the bill 79-13. The law—public law 110-314—increases the budget of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC),imposes new testing and documentation requirements,and sets new acceptable levels of several substances. It imposes new requirements on manufacturers of apparel,shoes,personal care products,accessories and jewelry,home furnishings,bedding,toys,electronics and video games,books,school supplies,educational materials and science kits. The Act also increases fines and specifies jail time for some violations.
During 1999 and 2000,Burger King and the Consumer Product Safety Commission held an effort to recall plastic containers resembling PokéBalls in the United States after it was determined they presented a suffocation hazard.
The Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act (VGBA) is a United States law named after Virginia Graeme Baker,who died after sustaining a pool suction-drain injury in June 2002,when the suction from a spa drain entrapped her under the water. It is incorporated as Title 14 of the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. This act became enforceable law on December 19,2008.
Pamela B. Gilbert is an American lawyer and has been a partner of the law firm Cuneo Gilbert &LaDuca,LLP since 2003,where she heads the firm's lobbying practice. Gilbert is a noted consumer rights advocate who has testified before Congress over fifty times and made dozens of appearances in the national print and electronic media. Gilbert leads the Committee to Support Antitrust laws (COSAL),an organization supportive of antitrust legislation.
Ann Marie Buerkle is an American nurse,attorney,and politician. She served as a commissioner of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) beginning in July 2013 and was the agency's acting chairman from February 2017 to September 2019. During her tenure,the number of companies fined declined sharply,and she was criticized by consumer advocates. Buerkle’s public service career stalled after accusations of mismanagement and incompetence. Buerkle was an Assistant New York State Attorney General from 1997 through 2010. She served as the U.S. representative for the New York's 25th congressional district,elected in 2010 in an upset of a Democratic incumbent. In a rematch of her 2010 contest,Buerkle was defeated by former Congressman Dan Maffei. She is a member of the Republican Party.
Robert S. Adler is a consumer advocate in the United States. He was a member of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission,and recently served as its acting chairman from October 2019 to October 2021. He is a Democrat,and became acting chair due to a surprise vote crossing party lines from former acting chair Ann Marie Buerkle.
Linda E. Ginzel is a Clinical Professor of Managerial Psychology at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the founder of the Customized Executive Education program. She researches,develops curricula,and teaches courses on negotiation,effective leadership,and organizational behavior. Ginzel is a two-time recipient of the James S. Kemper Jr. Grant in Business Ethics.
Elliot F. Kaye is a former Chairman of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. He served as a commissioner of the agency from 2014 through 2021,and was chairman from 2014 to 2017 under the Obama administration,directing the U.S. government's oversight and recall of everyday products that can cause injury or death.
Marietta Sebree "Marti" Robinson is an American lawyer and former political candidate in Michigan and California. She is a former Commissioner of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
