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Human rights in Bangladesh are enshrined as fundamental rights in Part III of the Constitution of Bangladesh. However, constitutional and legal experts believe many of the country's laws require reform to enforce fundamental rights and reflect democratic values of the 21st century.
Bangladesh is a common law country having its legal system developed by the British rulers during their colonial rule over British India. The land now comprises Bangladesh was known as Bengal during the British and Mughal regime while by some other names earlier. Though there were religious and political equipments and institutions from almost prehistoric era, Mughals first tried to recognise and establish them through state mechanisms. The Charter of 1726, granted by King George I, authorised the East India Company to establish Mayor's Courts in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta and is recognised as the first codified law for the British India. As a part of the then British India, it was the first codified law for the then Bengal too. Since independence in 1971, statutory law enacted by the Parliament of Bangladesh has been the primary form of legislation. Judge-made law continues to be significant in areas such as constitutional law. Unlike in other common law countries, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh has the power to not only interpret laws made by the parliament, but to also declare them null and void and to enforce fundamental rights of the citizens. The Bangladesh Code includes a compilation of all laws since 1836. The vast majority of Bangladeshi laws are in English. But most laws adopted after 1987 are in Bengali. Family law is intertwined with religious law. Bangladesh has significant international law obligations.
The Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) is the regulator of the capital market of Bangladesh, comprising Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). The commission is a statutory body and attached to the Ministry of Finance.
The Anti Corruption Commission is the principal government agency against corruption in Bangladesh.
The Executive Magistrates are the magistrates of the executive organ of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The members of the Bangladesh Civil Service (Administration) also known as Bangladesh Administrative Service are appointed as the Executive Magistrates. These officials wield extensive executive and specific judicial powers within their respective jurisdictions. During periods of national emergency, they assume leadership roles at the forefront of governance. Their primary duties encompass maintaining law and order, preventing crime, ensuring the expeditious delivery of justice, overseeing elections and examinations, conducting evictions, upholding protocol and safeguarding the government’s interests through necessary means. The courts they preside over are referred to as executive courts and operate in accordance with the provisions outlined in the Code of Criminal Procedure,1898 and the Mobile Court Act, 2009. Being recruited among the most meritorious citizens of the country, people hold them in very high regard.
The Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology is a Bangladeshi government ministry. It contains two divisions:
The term judicial review is not expressly used in Bangladeshi law, but Article 102 of the Constitution of Bangladesh allows writ petitions to be filed at the High Court Division for reviewing the actions of public authorities, or suspending proceedings in lower courts. The article has caused significant judicial activism in Bangladesh. In the 1970s, Article 102 was employed by the courts to set a precedent for invalidating detentions under the Special Powers Act. The courts have struck down constitutional amendments and enforced democratic local government under Article 102. The scope of such judicial review has expanded greatly since Justice Mustafa Kamal formally accepted public interest litigation for the first time in 1996, allowing associations and NGOs espousing the public's cause to file for judicial review.
Hasan Foez Siddique is a Bangladeshi lawyer and jurist who served as 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
Sheikh Md. Zakir Hossain is a Bangladeshi justice of the High Court Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. He is famous for delivering all his verdicts in the Bengali language. He was appointed in 2010.
Golam Rahman is an educationist, media researcher and communication expert of Bangladesh. He has served as the Chief Information Commissioner of the Information Commission of Government of Bangladesh. He also served as the chairman of Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS) the chairman of the department of mass communication and journalism of University of Dhaka as well as head of journalism department of Daffodil International University. He is the editor of Bengali daily Ajker Patrika.
Syed Refaat Ahmed is a justice of the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court.
Martuza Ahmed is a Bangladeshi bureaucrat and Chief Information Commissioner of the Information Commission. He is a former secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Abdul Malek is the Chief Information Commissioner, former secretary of the Ministry of Information and commissioner of Information Commission. He was born in Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. He was the secretary of the Local Government Division. He is a former chairman of Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority.
Mohammed Farooq was a Bangladeshi Ambassador who had served as the Chief Information Commissioner leading the Information Commission. He was the Ambassador of Bangladesh to the Philippines.
Muhammad Zamir is a former ambassador and chief information officer of Bangladesh. He is a former secretary.
Khurshida Begum Sayeed was a former Commissioner of the Information Commission of Bangladesh, with the rank of a Secretary of the Government. She is a professor of government and politics at Jahangirnagar University.
Nepal Chandra Sarker is a retired Bangladeshi Civil Servant and former Commissioner of the Information Commission.
Suraiya Begum is a retired Bangladeshi Civil Servant and former Commissioner of the Information Commission. She was the Secretary of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs.
Md Mostafizur Rahman is a Justice of the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court.
S. M. Kuddus Zaman is a Justice of the High Court Division of the Bangladesh Supreme Court.
References
- ↑ "Welcome to Information Commission Website". infocom.gov.bd. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- ↑ Bari, Shamsul; Naz, Ruhi (15 April 2023). "Information Commission's key role in ensuring right to information". The Daily Star. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
- ↑ "Information Commission formed". The Daily Star. 1 July 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- 1 2 "Information Commission bureaucratised". The Daily Star. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- ↑ "Information Commission to expand operation soon". The Daily Star. 8 August 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- 1 2 "The Right To Information Act, 2009 Bangladesh" (PDF). Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ সচিব পদমর্যাদা পেলেন দুই তথ্য কমিশনার. Jugantor. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ↑ "Right to Information: Impact of High Court ruling". The Daily Star. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- 1 2 "Eight years old - How is the Right to Information Act faring?". The Daily Star. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "EX CICs & ICs". infocom.gov.bd. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ↑ তথ্য কমিশন. www.infocom.gov.bd. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- 1 2 তথ্য কমিশনার নিয়োগ সংক্রান্ত প্রজ্ঞাপন (জি.ও.নং-৩১৯). Information Commission Bangladesh (in Bengali). 24 August 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
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