Interlingue literature

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Interlingue literature broadly encompasses the body of fiction an nonfiction work created or translated into Interlingue, a constructed language created by Edgar de Wahl. Although largely composed of original short stories and translations published in the central magazine of the language, Cosmoglotta, full length novels and poetry anthologies also exist, in particular those by authors such as Vicente Costalago  [ ie ], Jan Amos Kajš  [ ie; eo ], and Jaroslav Podobský  [ ie; eo ].

Contents

History

Background

Interlingue, also known as Occidental, is an international auxiliary language created in 1922 by Estonion teacher Edgar de Wahl. It has a largely Western European vocabulary, based largely on the Romance languages, with heavy influence from English. Created in 1922, it was first published in the magazine Kosmoglott (later Cosmoglotta), where it built a following. Due to a lack of published grammars and standardisation, the earliest works in the language used non-standard orthography and grammatical structures.

Publications

1925 first edition of Kosmoglott First issue of Cosmoglotta, 1922.jpg
1925 first edition of Kosmoglott

The first known publication in Interlingue is the book Transcendent algebra, mathematical ideography, experiment of a philosophical language (Interlingue: Transcendent algebra, ideografie matematical, experiment de un lingue filosofic) by Estonian linguist Jakob Linzbach, a proposal for a pasigraphy. [1] This was translated into Interlingue by de Wahl at Linzbach's request. [2] [3] This was published before de Wahl formalised the language in Kosmoglott, while the language was still in its development, as a proto-language named "Auli". [2]

The first work of Interlingue literature as art was by Kaarle Julius Saarinen  [ fi ]: a translation of the poem "Hymn" ("Hymne") by Finnish journalist and writer Kaarlo Hammar  [ fi ], appeared in the 1925 edition of Kosmoglott . Several other translations of foreign literature were also published by A. Toman around this time, such as the Wanderer's Nightsong poems by Goethe in the 1926 supplement to Kosmoglott, and a translation of "Nationalism in the West" by Rabindranath Tagore. [4]

In Supplement al Cosmoglotta 7 (1927), a translation of work by Persian poet Saadi Shirazi was presented, alongside work by Hermann Keyserling in the following edition in 1927.

A series of translations were published in the 1930s, including Konstantin Balmont's Where is my home?, Manuel Menendez by Edmondo De Amicis, and A Descent into the Maelström by Edgar Allan Poe. Additionally, several original works were published, such as a poetry anthology, Li Astres del Verne (The Planets of Spring), by Podobský, Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst by Kajš, and several works by A. E. Cortinas  [ ie ] and P. Dimitriev. A short story collection, Historiettes in Occidental, was published in 1930 by Ric Berger. [4]

Un Adio (A Goodbye), by Arvid Brenner [sv], translated in 1958 by Eric Ahlstrom. Un Adio, de Arvid Brenner, traductet in 1958 per Eric Ahlstrom.jpg
Un Adío (A Goodbye), by Arvid Brenner  [ sv ], translated in 1958 by Eric Ahlström.

In 1951, with the creation of Interlingua, many occidentalists, including Berger, one of the most important figures of the Interlingue movement, began to support this new IALA language. This led to a large destabilisation of the movement, and while Cosmoglotta continued to be published, it did so with dimishing frequency, ceasing publication in 1985. According to Esperantist author Don Harlow, the editor of Cosmoglotta in this period, Adrian Pilgrim  [ ie ] stated that Interlingue could be described as a "dead language".[ citation needed ]

However, publications of new literature in Interlingue continued throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s, with translations including "A Mother Speaks" by Czech Jiří Marek in 1954, Multatuli's "The alocution to the bosses of Lebak ", and "Wedding Shirt  [ cz ]" by Karel Jaromír Erben, translated by Josef Křesina.

Other translated books included Arvid Brenner's Un Adío (A Farewell) and Bo Bergman's A Desertor by Eric Ahlström in 1958. In 1964, Francis R. Pope  [ ie ] published Poemas (Poems), an anthology consisting of poems translated from German, French, and English. [4]

The revival of Interlingue began in 1999 with the creation of a Yahoo! group for the language, after a decade of decay in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 2000s, Interlingue Wikipedia was created, which had over 5000 articles in 2020. [4]

Many original Interlingue texts as well as translations have been published since 2000, with the first being Stendhal's The Charterhouse of Parma (Li Cartusie de Parma), translated by Robert Winter in 2011. In 2012, Thomas Schmidt published Li Munde de Sandra in an online magazine, Posta Mundi, which contains material published in constructed languages. This was followed with a translation of The Little Prince in 2014.

Notable authors

See also

Related Research Articles

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Interlingue, originally Occidental, is an international auxiliary language created in 1922 and renamed in 1949. Its creator, Edgar de Wahl, sought to achieve maximal grammatical regularity and natural character. The vocabulary is based on pre-existing words from various languages and a derivational system which uses recognized prefixes and suffixes.

An international auxiliary language is a language meant for communication between people from all different nations, who do not share a common first language. An auxiliary language is primarily a foreign language and often a constructed language. The concept is related to but separate from the idea of a lingua franca that people must use to communicate. The study of international auxiliary languages is interlinguistics.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antoni Grabowski</span> Polish chemical engineer

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hendrik Bulthuis</span> Dutch writer, linguist, and Esperantist

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov</span> Esperanto writer and critic

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De Wahl's rule is a rule of word formation, developed by Baltic German naval officer and teacher Edgar de Wahl and applied in the constructed language Interlingue, which was also his creation.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carl-Erik Sjöstedt</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hermann Alfred Tanner</span> Swiss publisher and writer

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abram Kofman</span> Russian Esperanto poet (1865-1940)

Abram Antoni Kofman was a Russian Esperanto–language poet. Born in Odesa, Kofman was an early supporter of Esperanto, and one of the first Russian Jewish to do so, learning the language in 1889. Kofman was a high-profile member of the first school of Esperanto literature, and had his work featured in the first anthologies of Esperanto poetry. He was responsible for translations of several sections of the Hebrew Bible in both Esperanto and its daughter language, Ido. Kofman also influenced the development of the international religion Hillelism by the creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof in 1901. Eventually switching languages from Esperanto to Ido, and later Occidental, Kofman purportedly died during aerial bombing in Odesa.

Jules Meysmans (1870-1943) was a Belgian stenographer and linguist, who coined the term "interlinguistics". Meysman invented his own shorthand system, one of several adaptations he made of existing systems. Founder of an institute for stenography, he was active in the international auxiliary language movement, supporting various projects throughout his life, including Volapük, Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, and Occidental.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Moret, Sébastien (2019). "Jakob Linzbach on his life and work". Sign Systems Studies. 47 (1/2): 305. ISSN   1736-7409.
  2. 1 2 Barandovská-Frank, Vĕra [in Esperanto]. "Latinidaj planlingvoj" [Romance constructed languages](PDF). Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu [Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan] (in Esperanto). Retrieved 2023-11-20.
  3. ↑ Linzbach, Jakob (1921). "De autor" [Author's note]. Transcendent algebra, ideografie matematical, experiment de un lingue filosofic (in Interlingue). Tallinn. mi ha petit li conosset cosmoglottist sr. E. de Wahl traducter li textu de ti ci brochur in composit de il lingue universal auxiliari "Occidental" [I have asked the famed interlinguist Mr. E. de Wahl to translate the text of this brochure into his international auxiliary language "Occidental"]{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 Costalago 2022, pp. 4–5.

Sources

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