This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points.(September 2023) |
Total population | |
---|---|
150,000-200,000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Montevideo | |
Languages | |
Predominantly Spanish, with minority speaking either Irish or English | |
Religion | |
Roman Catholicism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Irish, British Uruguayans, Scottish Argentine, English Argentine, Welsh Argentine, Irish American, Irish Brazilian, Irish Chilean, Irish Mexican |
Part of a series of articles on |
Irish Latin-Americans |
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Irish Uruguayans are Uruguayan people with Irish ancestry.[ citation needed ]
Many Irish people migrated to Uruguay starting in the 1700s, [1] and especially during the 19th century, arriving in neighboring Argentina as well.
In 1762, Irish captain John McNamara led a British force to occupy Colonia del Sacramento, previously a Portuguese or Spanish stronghold. It failed, but in February 1807, Brigadier-General Samuel Auchmuty occupied Montevideo with a British and Irish force and ruled in the city for seven months, during which a mass of merchants from Britain and Ireland arrived in the city and would contribute to its emerging cultural identity. [2] Irish soldier Peter Campbell (1780-c1832) of the 71st regiment remained on the River Plate and later founded the Uruguayan navy, becoming deputy governor of Corrientes province.
At the peak of its "economic miracle", thousands of Irish immigrants came to live in Uruguay, many of them being professionals or middle managers who formed the bourgeoisie in Montevideo. [3] Many however, were Irish farmers who settled in rural areas. Also during the early days of Uruguay, the Irish settlers helped with the farming of the country as the current conditions at the time could not be met by the native Uruguayans. Cows and local livestock were not as healthy nor as abundant as they are now, whereas the country now has more cows and livestock per capita than people. A significant number of Irish farmers reached the Port of Montevideo by ship in 1836, which led to a boom in sheep-farming and wool production. [4] Sheep farmers from Kilrane parish in County Wexford were known to have moved into Rio Negro district, and Paysandú in the same district was settled by immigrants from Westmeath and Longford. [2] Immigration by the Irish into Uruguay continued in the 1840s as the country, struck hard by the Great Famine, caused masses of people to emigrate all across the world. Juan Manuel de Rosas, the dictator of Argentina at the time was favorable to British settlement, which led to many Irish farmers moving across into Argentina; prominent landowners such as James Gaynor (1802–1892) and John Maguire (d. 1905) operated land in both Uruguay and Argentina. [2] One Irish rancher, William Lawlor (1822–1909), originally from Abbeyleix in County Laois was documented as owning land and a ranch named "Las Tres Patas". [2] Harper's magazine, commenting in 1891, evaluated the typical dwelling of the Irish farmer immigrant, "The cabins of the Irish peasantry give some idea of the Uruguayan rancho. It is a comfortless, unhealthy, rheumatic dwelling, less civilized than that of the Esquimaux, and more carelessly built than the most ordinary bird's nest." [5] There are many blue-eyed Uruguayans with Irish or English ancestry. [1]
Several prominent Irish settlers in Montevideo made a name for themselves in the 19th century; of note in particular are the physician Constantine Conyngham (1807–1868), who rendered important services during the epidemic of 1856 in Montevideo, Louis Fleury, a Dublin-born surgeon-general to the army in Charity Hospital and foreman Robert Young who founded Young city in Rio Negro district, owning some 100,000 sheep and horned cattle by 1875. [2] [6]
By the 20th century, there were a significant number of Irish Christian missionaries and educators in Uruguay, some of which taught in the British School, the Irish Christian Brothers School and the Stella Maris School (established by Br. Patrick C. Kelly in May 1955) in Montevideo. [2] Alfie Lamb established the Legion of Mary in Montevideo in 1956 and many other Latin American countries. [2]
On St. Patrick's Day there is a notable community celebrating Irish culture and the national day within the capital of Montevideo.[ citation needed ] The life of Irish sheep-farmers in rural Uruguay in the nineteenth century is covered in In the Shadow of the Ombú Tree , a 2005 novel by Hugh Fitzgerald Ryan.
The Irish have contributed to the cuisine of Montevideo. The Shannon Irish pub is an Irish pub in the Old City area of Montevideo, Uruguay. The pub was established in 2001. [7] It is located at Bartolomé Mitre 1318, 2 blocks from the Plaza Independencia and 1 block from the Plaza Matriz. Bradt Travel Guides says "An Irish pub on Montevideo's liveliest pub street, with a wide range of beers (although Uruguayans find it hard to understand why an Irish pub doesn't serve Irish coffee)." [8] The pub is an important centre for Irish-Uruguayans, often featuring traditional bands such as Grianan (formed in 1999) led by Conrad O'Neill, a fourth-generation Irish-Uruguayan and audiences of some 400 Irish-Uruguayans. [3] Other notable Celtic bands which regularly perform at the pub include Creepy Celtic Brothers, El Enclave, Los Casal, Os Trappaleiros and the River Pipe Band. The bar often features live music and DJs into the night on the weekends and also attracts Uruguayans who are not of Irish descent. [9] [10] [11]
The Irish diaspora refers to ethnic Irish people and their descendants who live outside the island of Ireland.
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 176,215 square kilometres (68,037 sq mi) and has a population of around 3.4 million, of whom nearly 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo.
The history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history, the Colonial Period (1516–1811), the Period of Nation-Building (1811–1830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830–present).
Farinata, farinata di ceci, torta di ceci, fainé, fainá, socca,cecìna or cade is a type of thin, unleavened pancake or crêpe made from chickpea flour.
Irish immigration to Puerto Rico began during the period of Spanish colonization of the island, continuing through 19th century to the present day. During the 16th century, many Irishmen, who were known as "Wild Geese", deserted from the English Army and joined the Spanish Army. They did so either in Europe or when they could "jump ship" off the coast of Puerto Rico, at which time they joined the Spanish colonial army, mainly in San Juan.
Isleños are the descendants of Canarian settlers and immigrants to present-day Louisiana, Puerto Rico, Texas, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other parts of the Americas. In these places, the name isleño was applied to the Canary Islanders to distinguish them from Spanish mainlanders known as "peninsulars". Formerly used for the general category of people, it now refers to the specific cultural identity of Canary Islanders or their descendants throughout Latin America and in Louisiana, where they are still called isleños. Another name for Canary Islander in English is "Canarian." In Spanish, an alternative is canario or isleño canario.
Nueva Helvecia is a city in Colonia Department of Uruguay.
Irish Argentines are Argentine citizens who are fully or partially of Irish descent. Irish emigrants from the Midlands, Wexford and many counties of Ireland arrived in Argentina mainly from 1830 to 1930, with the largest wave taking place in 1850–1870. The modern Irish-Argentine community is composed of some of their descendants, and the total number is estimated at between 500,000 and 1,000,000.
Argentina has a racially and ethnically diverse population. The territory of what today is Argentina was first inhabited by numerous indigenous peoples. The first white settlers came during the period of Spanish colonization, beginning in the 16th century. The Spaniards imported African slaves, who would go on to become the first Afro-Argentines. Following independence from Spain in the 19th century and well into the 20th century, numerous migration waves took place, with Argentina being the second most popular destination for migrants in the early 20th century, after the United States. Most of these migrants came from Europe.
Uruguayan tango is a rhythm that has its roots in the poor areas of Montevideo around 1880. Then it was extended to other areas and countries. As Borges said: "...tango is African-Montevidean [Uruguayan], tango has black curls in its roots..." He quoted Rossi, that sustained that "...tango, that argentine people call argentine tango, is the son of the Montevidean milonga and the grandson of the habanera. It was born in the San Felipe Academy [Montevideo], a Montevidean warehouse used for public dances, among gangsters and black people; then it emigrated to underworld areas of Buenos Aires and fooled around in Palermo's rooms..." This also implies that different forms of dance were originated in the neighborhoods of Montevideo, Uruguay in the last part of the 19th century and in the early 20th century that was particular from that area and different from Buenos Aires. It consists of a variety of styles that developed in different regions of Argentina and Uruguay.
British Latin Americans are Latin Americans of British ancestry.
Events from the year 1836 in Ireland.
Falkland Islanders derive from various origins. Earliest among these are the numerically small but internationally diverse early 19th century inhabitants of the Falkland Islands, comprising and descended in part from settlers brought by Luis Vernet, and English and American sealers; South American gauchos who settled in the 1840s and 1850s; and since the late 1830s, settlers largely from Britain with a minority from other European countries. There has also been significant recent contributions from Saint Helena and Chile.
Italian Uruguayans are Uruguayan-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Uruguay during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Uruguay. Outside of Italy, Uruguay has one of the highest percentages of Italians in the world. It is estimated that about 44% of the total population of Uruguay are of Italian descent, corresponding to about 1,500,000 people, while there were around 90,000 Italian citizens in Uruguay.
Japanese Uruguayans are Uruguayan citizens of Japanese descent.
Irish Brazilians are Brazilian citizens of Irish ancestry, or Irish-born people residing in Brazil, and vice-versa. Many Irish immigrants to Brazil changed their surnames to resemble Portuguese names more closely, often losing the common prefix 'O'.
Lorenzo Latorre, full name Lorenzo Antonio Inocencio Latorre Jampen, was a Uruguayan officer and politician, who was a dictator and President of Uruguay from 10 March 1876 until 15 March 1880. During his rule political opponents were oppressed, but at the same time, his reforms greatly improved the economy and state institutions.
The Spanish diaspora consists of Spanish people and their descendants who emigrated from Spain. In the Americas, the term may refer to those of Spanish nationality living there; "Hispanic" is usually a more appropriate term to describe the general Spanish-speaking populations of the Americas together with those in Spain. The diaspora is concentrated in places that were part of the Spanish Empire. Countries with sizeable populations are Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil, Belize, Haiti, United States, Canada, the Philippines and the rest of Europe.
British Uruguayans are British nationals residing permanently in Uruguay or Uruguayan citizens claiming British heritage. Unlike other waves of immigration to Uruguay from Europe, British immigration to Uruguay has historically been small, especially when compared to the influxes of Spanish and Italian immigrants. Like their counterparts in Argentina, British immigrants tended to be skilled workers, ranchers, businessmen and bureaucrats rather than those escaping poverty in their homeland.
Spanish settlement in Uruguay, that is the arrival of Spanish emigrants in the country known today as Uruguay, took place firstly in the period before independence from Spain and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This includes that a large proportion of Uruguayans are of Spanish ancestral origin.
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