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The phonology of Vietnamese features 19 consonant phonemes, with 5 additional consonant phonemes used in Vietnamese's Southern dialect, and 4 exclusive to the Northern dialect. Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology. Two main varieties of Vietnamese, Hanoi and Saigon, which are slightly different to each other, are described below.
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Jibu is a Jukunoid language spoken in the Taraba State of Nigeria by 30,000 people.
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References
- ↑ NE & NW Izere at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Cèn (Chen) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ganàng (Gashish) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ↑ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ Blench, Roger; Kaze, Bitrus. Dictionary of the Izere language.
- Blench (2008) Prospecting proto-Plateau. Manuscript.