Janet Grieve

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Janet Grieve
Born1940 (age 8384)
NationalityNew Zealander
Other namesJanet Bradford-Grieve, Janet Bradford
Alma mater University of Canterbury
Known forGlobal expert on copepod biosystematics
Scientific career
Fields Biological oceanography
Institutions National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Thesis The annual cycle of plankton off Kaikoura  (1966)
Doctoral advisor George Knox
Diving sperm whale near Kaikoura. Grieve made the first measurements of ocean biological productivity that supports this ecosystem. Diving sperm whale near Kaikoura.jpg
Diving sperm whale near Kaikōura. Grieve made the first measurements of ocean biological productivity that supports this ecosystem.
Copepods - different T. brevicornis developmental stages. Note the mating pair (third from the right). Different T. brevicornis developmental stages. Note the mating pair (3rd from the right).png
Copepods - different T. brevicornis developmental stages. Note the mating pair (third from the right).
Ross Ice Shelf. Grieve worked at the J-9 location in the shelf centre in the mid-1970s. Ross Ice Shelf PS.jpg
Ross Ice Shelf. Grieve worked at the J-9 location in the shelf centre in the mid-1970s.
Grieve was involved in environmental impact studies of the NZ Maui Gas field. This figure shows gas production. Nz-gas-production-m3.svg
Grieve was involved in environmental impact studies of the NZ Maui Gas field. This figure shows gas production.

Janet Mary Grieve ONZM , also known as Janet Bradford-Grieve and Janet Bradford, is a New Zealand biological oceanographer, born in 1940. [1] She is researcher emerita at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research in Wellington. She has researched extensively on marine taxonomy and biological productivity. She was president of both the New Zealand Association of Scientists (1998–2000) [2] and the World Association of Copepodologists (2008–11). [3]

Contents

Education and early career

Her PhD, supervised by George Knox at the University of Canterbury, [4] developed new observations in copepod taxonomy but also produced insights into the processes affecting zooplankton in Kaikōura submarine canyon. [5] Her pioneering research in this canyon provides a baseline for the biological and physical changes associated with the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake. [6]

Immediately after her PhD she joined the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, a section within the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research as a scientist. She broke this with a period as a visiting scholar at the Smithsonian Institution, copepod taxonomy for a time (1970–73). [7]

She participated in the Ross Ice Shelf Project expedition to the central Ross Ice Shelf. The team successfully bored through the ice shelf in 1977 to retrieve data and samples in the ice shelf cavity. [8]

She continued with the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute and remained when it was absorbed into National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. [9]

Science and impact

Publishing under surnames Grieve, Bradford and Bradford-Grieve, she has made a significant contribution to the fields of biological oceanography in New Zealand and internationally. [10] She is responsible for some of the first measurements of open ocean productivity in New Zealand waters. [11] Her research has extended from the subtropics to the Antarctic/Southern Ocean. She has researched topics such as ocean food webs and ecology, and is regarded as the global expert on copepod biosystematics. [12]

Grieve was a key researcher involved in the environmental survey work that underpinned and guided the development of the Maui oil and gas production facilities within the Taranaki Bight. [13] This was one of the first marine developments to consider detailed environmental management. In addition she was also on the Task Force group responsible for reviewing the NZ Fisheries Legislation in 1991–92. [14]

Science leadership

She was Manager of the Marine and Freshwater Division of the NZOI, DSIR (1989–91). [9] She was President of the New Zealand Association of Scientists (1998–2000). [2] In addition she was President of the World Association of Copepodologists (2008–11). [3]

Honours and awards

In 1990, Grieve was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. [15] In the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours, she was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to marine science. [16] In 1995, she received the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society Award (1995). [17]

In 2017, Grieve was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating the contributions of women to knowledge in New Zealand. [1]

Publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copepod</span> Subclass of crustaceans

Copepods are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat. Some species are planktonic, some are benthic, a number of species have parasitic phases, and some continental species may live in limnoterrestrial habitats and other wet terrestrial places, such as swamps, under leaf fall in wet forests, bogs, springs, ephemeral ponds, puddles, damp moss, or water-filled recesses of plants (phytotelmata) such as bromeliads and pitcher plants. Many live underground in marine and freshwater caves, sinkholes, or stream beds. Copepods are sometimes used as biodiversity indicators.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diel vertical migration</span> A pattern of daily vertical movement characteristic of many aquatic species

Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes. The adjective "diel" comes from Latin: diēs, lit. 'day', and refers to a 24-hour period. The migration occurs when organisms move up to the uppermost layer of the water at night and return to the bottom of the daylight zone of the oceans or to the dense, bottom layer of lakes during the day. DVM is important to the functioning of deep-sea food webs and the biologically-driven sequestration of carbon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">World Association of Copepodologists</span>

The World Association of Copepodologists (WAC) is a non-profit organization created to promote research on copepods by facilitating communication among interested specialists.

Hemiboeckella powellensis, is a zooplankton copepod of which only four of its kind have ever been observed. "Hemiboeckella" refers to this genus being a subvariant of Boeckella, whilst “powellensis” refers to Lake Powell in Western Australia, the region it is endemic to. Its existence was initially recorded in May and June 1977, and has not been observed since.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monstrilloida</span> Order of crustaceans

Monstrilloida is an order of copepods with a cosmopolitan distribution in the world's oceans. The order contains a single family, Monstrillidae. The name of the first ever described genus Monstrilla is derived from latin, meaning "tiny monster", because the lack of usual diagnostic features of copepods puzzled early taxonomists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary</span>

The San Francisco Estuary together with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta represents a highly altered ecosystem. The region has been heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and most recently, suburban development. These needs have wrought direct changes in the movement of water and the nature of the landscape, and indirect changes from the introduction of non-native species. New species have altered the architecture of the food web as surely as levees have altered the landscape of islands and channels that form the complex system known as the Delta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acartiidae</span> Family of crustaceans

Acartiidae is a family of calanoid copepods distinguishable by the rostral margin not being extended. They are epipelagic, planktonic animals, not being found below a depth of 500 metres (1,600 ft). There are over 100 described species distributed throughout the world's oceans, mainly in temperate areas.

Acartia hudsonica is a species of marine copepod belonging to the family Acartiidae. Acartia hudsonica is a coastal, cold water species that can be found along the northwest Atlantic coast.

Acartia simplex is a species of marine copepod belonging to the family Acartiidae. It is found in the waters near Australia and New Zealand.

Acartia tonsa is a species of marine copepod in the family Acartiidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bettina Meyer</span> German Antarctic researcher

Bettina Meyer is a German Antarctic researcher, best known for her work on the ecology and physiology of invertebrates in the pelagic zone. She is the head of the ecophysiology of pelagic key species working group at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI).

Mildred Stratton Wilson was an American zoologist, whose work on copepods was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1955.

Mark D. Ohman is an American Biological Oceanographer. He is Distinguished Professor of the Graduate Division at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. He is Director and Lead Principal Investigator of the California Current Ecosystem Long-Term Ecological Research site, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nancy Marcus</span> American biologist and college administrator

Nancy Helen Marcus was an American biologist and oceanographer. During her graduate studies, Marcus became known as an expert on copepod ecology and evolutionary biology. She began her career as a postdoctoral fellow at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution where she studied copepod dormancy and its implications for marine aquaculture. She continued her field research as a professor of oceanography and later as the director of the Florida State University Marine Laboratory (FSU). During this time Marcus was elected as a Fellow of the Association for Women in Science and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and served as the president of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. As the president, she led efforts in increase education activities and to increase the endowment fund.

Neocalanus cristatus is a species of copepod found primarily in the northern Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lipid pump</span>

The lipid pump sequesters carbon from the ocean's surface to deeper waters via lipids associated with overwintering vertically migratory zooplankton. Lipids are a class of hydrocarbon rich, nitrogen and phosphorus deficient compounds essential for cellular structures. This lipid carbon enters the deep ocean as carbon dioxide produced by respiration of lipid reserves and as organic matter from the mortality of zooplankton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">N.Z. Oceanographic Institute</span> New Zealand Oceanographic service

The New Zealand Oceanographic Institute (NZOI) was a department within the Division of Marine and Freshwater Science, as part of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR).

Ronald Allan Heath, is a retired oceanographer and university administrator. His research focus was on the physical oceanography of the oceans around New Zealand.

Candacia worthingtoni is a species of copepod in the order Calanoida first described by George Grice in 1981 under the basionym Paracandacia worthingtoni. The species is named for the scientist emeritus Valentine Worthington, as a tribute to his contributions to the field of physical oceanography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ann Bucklin</span> Marine scientist

Ann Bucklin is Professor Emeritus of Marine Sciences at the University of Connecticut known for her work using molecular tools to study zooplankton. Bucklin was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1995.

References

  1. 1 2 "Janet Bradford-Grieve". Royal Society Te Apārangi. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  2. 1 2 Gregory, G., 2016. A better way: New Zealand Association of Scientists 1922–2016. New Zealand Science Review, 73(2), pp.42–54.
  3. 1 2 "Officers". Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  4. Grieve, J. (1966). The annual cycle of plankton off Kaikoura (Doctoral thesis). UC Research Repository, University of Canterbury. doi:10.26021/6589. hdl:10092/4752.
  5. Bradford, J.M. (1972). Systematics and ecology of New Zealand central east coast plankton sampled at Kaikōura. N.Z. Oceanographic Institute Memoir 54: 1–87.
  6. Mills, J.A., Yarrall, J.W., Bradford-Grieve, J.M., Morrissey, M. and Mills, D.A., 2018. Major changes in the red-billed gull (Larus novaehollandiae scopu-linus) population at Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand; causes and consequences: a review. Notornis, 65(1), pp.14–26.
  7. Bradford-Grieve, J.M., 2016. Is there a taxonomic crisis?. NZ Sci Rev, 73, p.83.
  8. Bradford, J.M.; Wells, J.B.J. (1983). New calanoid and harpacticoid copepods from beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Polar Biology 2: 1–15.
  9. 1 2 Thompson R-M, The First Forty Years, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute: Lives and Times, 1954–1994. 40th Jubilee Committee, 1994.
  10. "Janet Grieve".
  11. Bradford, J.M.; Heath, R.A.; Chang, F.H.; Hay, C.H. (1982). The effects of warm-core eddies on oceanic productivity off north eastern New Zealand. Deep-Sea Research 29: 1501–1516.
  12. Bradford-Grieve, J.M.; Boxshall, G.A.; Ahyong, S. Ohtsuka, S. (2010). Cladistic analysis of the calanoid Copepoda. Invertebrate Systematics 24: 291–321.
  13. Bradford‐Grieve, J.M., Lewis, K.B. and Stanton, B.R., 1991. Advances in New Zealand oceanography, 1967–91. New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research, 25(4), pp.429–441.
  14. "Fisheries Act 1996 No 88 (As at 22 October 2018), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation".
  15. Taylor, Alister; Coddington, Deborah (1994). Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 75. ISBN   0-908578-34-2.
  16. "Queen's Birthday honours list 2007". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 4 June 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  17. "Awards".