Jeffrey H. Meyer

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Jeffrey H. Meyer is a scientist and professor working with mood and anxiety disorders using neuroimaging at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto. He is currently the head of the Neurochemical Imaging Program in Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Brain Health Imaging Centre at the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and is working as a Senior Scientist in the General and Health Systems Psychiatry Division at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. He has also been awarded with the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in the Neurochemistry of Major Depression. [1]

Contents

Meyer has experience in working with positron emission tomography, including the use of [11C]DASB, [11C]harmine, [18F]FEPPA, [18F]setoperone, [11C]raclopride, [18F]SynVesT1, and [11C]SL25.1188 radioligands to examine neuropsychiatric disorders.

Areas of research

Meyer focuses on reducing the impact of clinical depression on society through his psychiatric research. Two aspects of such research are:

In recent years, Meyer has mainly been involved in research related to neuroinflammation (e.g., markers of microglial and astroglial activation), monoamine oxidase, and markers of synaptic density. He typically conducts his research on psychiatric illness by using neuroimaging, but he also utilizes related markers when taking preclinical approaches to his research. He has also been working with early phase trials of new potential therapeutics (e.g., administering small doses of therapeutics that target pathological markers of depression in phase 0 trials), as well as creating new peripheral biomarkers that are known to be associated with certain mood disorders. He has been looking to develop natural health products that target symptoms of depression—relevant programs that he has been running include reducing the effects of depressive symptoms that are often associated with early postpartum and perimenopause. [1]

Scientific contributions

Notable discoveries that Meyer has made in the field of psychiatric research include:

Awards

Meyer has received many awards for his contributions to psychiatric research, some of which include:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antidepressant</span> Class of medication used to treat depression and other conditions

Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.

An anxiolytic is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety. Anxiolytic medications are used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and their related psychological and physical symptoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Major depressive disorder</span> Mental disorder involving persistent low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s, the term was adopted by the American Psychiatric Association for this symptom cluster under mood disorders in the 1980 version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), and has become widely used since.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monoamine oxidase inhibitor</span> Type of medication

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression. They are also used to treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, Parkinson's disease, and several other disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monoamine oxidase</span> Family of enzymes

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamines, employing oxygen to clip off their amine group. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types of the body. The first such enzyme was discovered in 1928 by Mary Bernheim in the liver and was named tyramine oxidase. The MAOs belong to the protein family of flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phenelzine</span> Antidepressant

Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil, among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. Along with tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, phenelzine is one of the few non-selective and irreversible MAOIs still in widespread clinical use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tranylcypromine</span> Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor Antidepressant drug

Tranylcypromine, sold under the brand name Parnate among others, is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). More specifically, tranylcypromine acts as nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). It is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent in the clinical treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tryptamine</span> Metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan

Tryptamine is an indolamine metabolite of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. The chemical structure is defined by an indole—a fused benzene and pyrrole ring, and a 2-aminoethyl group at the second carbon (third aromatic atom, with the first one being the heterocyclic nitrogen). The structure of tryptamine is a shared feature of certain aminergic neuromodulators including melatonin, serotonin, bufotenin and psychedelic derivatives such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, psilocin and others. Tryptamine has been shown to activate trace amine-associated receptors expressed in the mammalian brain, and regulates the activity of dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems. In the human gut, symbiotic bacteria convert dietary tryptophan to tryptamine, which activates 5-HT4 receptors and regulates gastrointestinal motility. Multiple tryptamine-derived drugs have been developed to treat migraines, while trace amine-associated receptors are being explored as a potential treatment target for neuropsychiatric disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serotonin transporter</span> Mammalian protein found in humans

The serotonin transporter also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. SERT is a type of monoamine transporter protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from the synaptic cleft back to the presynaptic neuron, in a process known as serotonin reuptake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor</span> Class of antidepressant medication

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms. SNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are thought to play an important role in mood regulation. SNRIs can be contrasted with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), which act upon single neurotransmitters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moclobemide</span> Antidepressant

Moclobemide, sold under the brand names Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix among others, is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as Canada, the UK and Australia. It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost.

A major depressive episode (MDE) is a period characterized by symptoms of major depressive disorder. Those affected primarily exhibit a depressive mood for at least two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Other symptoms can include feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety, worthlessness, guilt, irritability, changes in appetite, difficulties in concentration, difficulties remembering details, making decisions, and thoughts of suicide. Insomnia or hypersomnia and aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monoamine oxidase A</span> Endogenous enzyme

Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. A mutation of this gene results in Brunner syndrome. This gene has also been associated with a variety of other psychiatric disorders, including antisocial behavior. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DASB</span> Chemical compound

DASB, also known as 3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile, is a compound that binds to the serotonin transporter. Labeled with carbon-11 — a radioactive isotope — it has been used as a radioligand in neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) since around year 2000. In this context it is regarded as one of the superior radioligands for PET study of the serotonin transporter in the brain, since it has high selectivity for the serotonin transporter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WAY-100635</span> Chemical compound

WAY-100635 is a piperazine drug and research chemical widely used in scientific studies. It was originally believed to act as a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, but subsequent research showed that it also acts as potent full agonist at the D4 receptor. It is sometimes referred to as a silent antagonist at the former receptor. It is closely related to WAY-100135.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Setoperone</span> Chemical compound

Setoperone is a compound that is a ligand to the 5-HT2A receptor. It can be radiolabeled with the radioisotope fluorine-18 and used as a radioligand with positron emission tomography (PET). Several research studies have used the radiolabeled setoperone in neuroimaging for the studying neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia.

Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD), and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. Factors spanning these causative groups include nutritional deficiencies in magnesium, vitamin D, and tryptophan with situational origin but biological impact. Several theories concerning the biologically based cause of depression have been suggested over the years, including theories revolving around monoamine neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, inflammation and the circadian rhythm. Physical illnesses, including hypothyroidism and mitochondrial disease, can also trigger depressive symptoms.

Late-life depression refers to depression occurring in older adults and has diverse presentations, including as a recurrence of early-onset depression, a new diagnosis of late-onset depression, and a mood disorder resulting from a separate medical condition, substance use, or medication regimen. Research regarding late-life depression often focuses on late-onset depression, which is defined as a major depressive episode occurring for the first time in an older person.

Immuno-psychiatry, according to Pariante, is a discipline that studies the connection between the brain and the immune system. It differs from psychoneuroimmunology by postulating that behaviors and emotions are governed by peripheral immune mechanisms. Depression, for instance, is seen as malfunctioning of the immune system.

The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that major depressive disorder (MDD) is caused, at least partly, by impaired neurotrophic support. Neurotrophic factors are a family of closely related proteins which regulate the survival, development, and function of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. 

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dr. Jeffrey Meyer". CAMH. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  2. ↑ Setiawan, Elaine; Wilson, Alan A.; Mizrahi, Romina; Rusjan, Pablo M.; Miler, Laura; Rajkowska, Grazyna; Suridjan, Ivonne; Kennedy, James L.; Rekkas, P. Vivien; Houle, Sylvain; Meyer, Jeffrey H. (2015-03-01). "Role of Translocator Protein Density, a Marker of Neuroinflammation, in the Brain During Major Depressive Episodes". JAMA Psychiatry. 72 (3): 268–275. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427. ISSN   2168-622X. PMC   4836849 . PMID   25629589.
  3. ↑ Setiawan, Elaine; Attwells, Sophia; Wilson, Alan A; Mizrahi, Romina; Rusjan, Pablo M; Miler, Laura; Xu, Cynthia; Sharma, Sarita; Kish, Stephen; Houle, Sylvain; Meyer, Jeffrey H (2018-04-01). "Association of translocator protein total distribution volume with duration of untreated major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study". The Lancet Psychiatry. 5 (4): 339–347. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30048-8. PMID   29496589.
  4. ↑ Dowlati, Yekta; Ravindran, Arun V.; Segal, Zindel V.; Stewart, Donna E.; Steiner, Meir; Meyer, Jeffrey H. (2017-03-28). "Selective dietary supplementation in early postpartum is associated with high resilience against depressed mood". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3509–3514. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611965114 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5380083 . PMID   28289215.
  5. ↑ Sacher, Julia; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain; Rusjan, Pablo; Hassan, Sabrina; Bloomfield, Peter M.; Stewart, Donna E.; Meyer, Jeffrey H. (2010-05-01). "Elevated Brain Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in the Early Postpartum Period". Archives of General Psychiatry. 67 (5): 468–474. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.32. ISSN   0003-990X. PMID   20439828.
  6. ↑ Bacher, Ingrid (2011-08-01). "Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in the Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortices During Acute Withdrawal From Heavy Cigarette Smoking". Archives of General Psychiatry. 68 (8): 817–826. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.82. ISSN   0003-990X. PMID   21810646.
  7. ↑ Rekkas, Paraskevi Vivien; Wilson, Alan A.; Lee, Vivian Wai Han; Yogalingam, Priyanga; Sacher, Julia; Rusjan, Pablo; Houle, Sylvain; Stewart, Donna E.; Kolla, Nathan J.; Kish, Stephen; Chiuccariello, Lina (2014-08-01). "Greater Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in Perimenopausal Age as Measured With Carbon 11–Labeled Harmine Positron Emission Tomography". JAMA Psychiatry. 71 (8): 873–879. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.250. ISSN   2168-622X. PMC   4942269 . PMID   24898155.
  8. ↑ Matthews, Brittany A.; Kish, Stephen J.; Xu, Xin; Boileau, Isabelle; Rusjan, Pablo M.; Wilson, Alan A.; DiGiacomo, Dan; Houle, Sylvain; Meyer, Jeffrey H. (2014-05-15). "Greater Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in Alcohol Dependence". Biological Psychiatry. 75 (10): 756–764. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.010. PMC   4942263 . PMID   24269057.
  9. ↑ Kolla, Nathan J.; Chiuccariello, Lina; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain; Links, Paul; Bagby, R. Michael; McMain, Shelley; Kellow, Charis; Patel, Jalpa; Rekkas, Paraskevi V.; Pasricha, Suvercha (2016-01-15). "Elevated Monoamine Oxidase-A Distribution Volume in Borderline Personality Disorder Is Associated With Severity Across Mood Symptoms, Suicidality, and Cognition". Biological Psychiatry. 79 (2): 117–126. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.024. PMC   4942262 . PMID   25698585.
  10. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; Ginovart, Nathalie; Boovariwala, Anahita; Sagrati, Sandra; Hussey, Doug; Garcia, Armando; Young, Trevor; Praschak-Rieder, Nicole; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain (2006-11-01). "Elevated Monoamine Oxidase A Levels in the Brain: An Explanation for the Monoamine Imbalance of Major Depression". Archives of General Psychiatry. 63 (11): 1209–1216. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1209 . ISSN   0003-990X. PMID   17088501.
  11. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; Wilson, Alan A.; Sagrati, Sandra; Miler, Laura; Rusjan, Pablo; Bloomfield, Peter M.; Clark, Michael; Sacher, Julia; Voineskos, Aristotle N.; Houle, Sylvain (2009-12-01). "Brain Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in Major Depressive Disorder: Relationship to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment, Recovery, and Recurrence". Archives of General Psychiatry. 66 (12): 1304–1312. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.156 . ISSN   0003-990X. PMID   19996035.
  12. ↑ Moriguchi, Sho; Wilson, Alan A.; Miler, Laura; Rusjan, Pablo M.; Vasdev, Neil; Kish, Stephen J.; Rajkowska, Grazyna; Wang, Junming; Bagby, Michael; Mizrahi, Romina; Varughese, Ben (2019-06-01). "Monoamine Oxidase B Total Distribution Volume in the Prefrontal Cortex of Major Depressive Disorder: An [ 11 C]SL25.1188 Positron Emission Tomography Study". JAMA Psychiatry. 76 (6): 634–641. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0044. ISSN   2168-622X. PMC   6551845 . PMID   30840042.
  13. ↑ Attwells, Sophia; Setiawan, Elaine; Wilson, Alan A.; Rusjan, Pablo M.; Mizrahi, Romina; Miler, Laura; Xu, Cynthia; Richter, Margaret Anne; Kahn, Alan; Kish, Stephen J.; Houle, Sylvain (2017-08-01). "Inflammation in the Neurocircuitry of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". JAMA Psychiatry. 74 (8): 833–840. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567. ISSN   2168-622X. PMC   5710556 . PMID   28636705.
  14. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; Wilson, Alan A.; Ginovart, Nathalie; Goulding, Verdell; Hussey, Doug; Hood, Karen; Houle, Sylvain (2001-11-01). "Occupancy of Serotonin Transporters by Paroxetine and Citalopram During Treatment of Depression: A [11C]DASB PET Imaging Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 158 (11): 1843–1849. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1843. ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   11691690.
  15. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; Wilson, Alan A.; Sagrati, Sandra; Hussey, Doug; Carella, Anna; Potter, William Z.; Ginovart, Nathalie; Spencer, Edgar P.; Cheok, Andy; Houle, Sylvain (2004-05-01). "Serotonin Transporter Occupancy of Five Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors at Different Doses: An [11C]DASB Positron Emission Tomography Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (5): 826–835. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.826. ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   15121647. S2CID   27956944.
  16. ↑ Praschak-Rieder, Nicole; Willeit, Matthaeus; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain; Meyer, Jeffrey H. (2008-09-01). "Seasonal Variation in Human Brain Serotonin Transporter Binding". Archives of General Psychiatry. 65 (9): 1072–1078. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.9.1072 . ISSN   0003-990X. PMID   18762593.
  17. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; McMain, Shelley; Kennedy, Sidney H.; Korman, Lorne; Brown, Gregory M.; DaSilva, Jean N.; Wilson, Alan A.; Blak, Thomas; Eynan-Harvey, Rahel; Goulding, Verdell S.; Houle, Sylvain (2003-01-01). "Dysfunctional Attitudes and 5-HT 2 Receptors During Depression and Self-Harm". American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (1): 90–99. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.90. ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   12505806.
  18. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; McNeely, Heather E.; Sagrati, Sandra; Boovariwala, Anahita; Martin, Krystle; Verhoeff, N. Paul L.G.; Wilson, Alan A.; Houle, Sylvain (2006-09-01). "Elevated Putamen D 2 Receptor Binding Potential in Major Depression With Motor Retardation: An [ 11 C]Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 163 (9): 1594–1602. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1594. ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   16946186.
  19. ↑ Meyer, Jeffrey H.; Kapur, Shitij; Eisfeld, Beata; Brown, Gregory M.; Houle, Sylvain; DaSilva, Jean; Wilson, Alan A.; Rafi-Tari, Shahryar; Mayberg, Helen S.; Kennedy, Sidney H. (2001-01-01). "The Effect of Paroxetine on 5-HT 2A Receptors in Depression: An [ 18 F]Setoperone PET Imaging Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 158 (1): 78–85. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.1.78. ISSN   0002-953X. PMID   11136637.


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