The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution which is owned by member central banks. Its primary goal is to foster international monetary and financial cooperation while serving as a bank for central banks. With its establishment in 1929,its initial purpose was to oversee the settlement of World War I war reparations.
The National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two United States federal banking acts that established a system of national banks,and created the United States National Banking System. They encouraged development of a national currency backed by bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as part of the United States Department of the Treasury and a system of nationally chartered banks. The Act shaped today's national banking system and its support of a uniform U.S. banking policy.
In the United States,banking had begun by the 1780s,along with the country's founding. It has developed into a highly influential and complex system of banking and financial services. Anchored by New York City and Wall Street,it is centered on various financial services,such as private banking,asset management,and deposit security.
The term national bank generally refers to a bank that operates across and within a nation state or country,but its usage varies by country. In some cases it operates as the government's reserve bank,while in others the name is used for commercial banks.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is an independent bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that was established by the National Currency Act of 1863 and serves to charter,regulate,and supervise all national banks and thrift institutions and the federally licensed branches and agencies of foreign banks in the United States. The acting Comptroller of the Currency is Michael J. Hsu,who took office on May 10,2021.
The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas is the central bank of the Philippines. It was established on July 3,1993,pursuant to the provision of Republic Act 7653 or the New Central Bank Act of 1993 as amended by Republic Act 11211 or the New Central Bank Act of 2019. The principal author was Senator Franklin Drilon. It was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte.
John D. Hawke Jr. was an American lawyer who served as the United States Under Secretary of the Treasury for Domestic Finance from 1995 to 1998,and was the United States Comptroller of the Currency from 1998 to 2004.
The United States Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23,1913.
Richard H. Neiman is an American financial advisor and attorney who served as the 43rd Superintendent of Banks of New York,managing the New York State Banking Department.
James Joseph Saxon was the 21st Comptroller of the Currency for the United States Department of the Treasury. He was appointed by President John F. Kennedy in 1961.
Eugene A. "Gene" Ludwig is an American business leader and expert on banking regulation,risk management,and fiscal policy. From 1993 to 1998 he served as Comptroller of the Currency.
John G. Heimann was Comptroller of the Currency from 1977 to 1981 having been appointed by President Jimmy Carter and confirmed by the Senate.
Promontory Financial Group,a wholly owned subsidiary of IBM,is a global consulting firm that advises clients on a variety of financial services matters,including regulatory issues,compliance,risk management,liquidity,restructuring,acquisitions,due diligence,internal investigations and cyber security.
The Joint Forum is an international group bringing together financial regulatory representatives from banking,insurance and securities. It works under the international bodies for these sectors,the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS),the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) and the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS). The group develops guidance,principles and identifies best practices that are of common interest to all three sectors.
David Kinley was a Scotland-born economist who worked in the United States. He was head of the department of economics of the University of Illinois and later president of the University. As an economist,he was of the classical school,and his main interest was in money and banking. Administration gradually took up most of his time as his career progressed.
John G. Walsh is an American economist who was the acting Comptroller of the Currency from 2010 until 2012. He had been Chief of Staff and Public Affairs at the office since October 2005 and became interim Comptroller on August 15,2010,following John Dugan. He ceased being interim Comptroller with the April 9,2012 swearing-in of Thomas J. Curry as the 30th Comptroller of the Currency.
Thomas James Curry is an American government official who served as the 30th Comptroller of the Currency of the United States from April 9,2012,until May 5,2017. Prior to becoming Comptroller of the Currency,Curry served as a Director of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and as the chairman of the NeighborWorks America Board of Directors. He was born in Greenwich,Connecticut and raised in Stamford,Connecticut.
Joseph M. Otting is an American businessman and government official. He served as the 31st Comptroller of the Currency from November 27,2017 to May 29,2020.
Keith A. Noreika is an American lawyer who specializes in the regulation of financial institutions. He served as Acting Comptroller of the Currency from May 5,2017,to November 27,2017,following the 30th Comptroller of the Currency,Thomas J. Curry,and preceding the 31st Comptroller of the Currency,Joseph Otting. Noreika rejoined the law firm of Simpson Thacher on January 8,2018. He joined Patomak Global Partners as Executive Vice President and Chairman of its Banking Supervision and Regulation Group on July 5,2022.
Brian P. Brooks is an American lawyer,banker,entrepreneur,technologist,and former government official. He served as Acting Comptroller of the Currency from May 29,2020,succeeding the 31st Comptroller of the Currency Joseph Otting,until January 14,2021. Brooks was nominated twice by President Donald Trump for a five-year term as Comptroller of the Currency,once during the 116th Congress,and once in the 117th Congress.
