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Pope Nicholas III, born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 November 1277 to his death on 22 August 1280.
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Hugh of Evesham was a 13th-century English churchman, physician and alchemist. Given his name, it is likely that he came from Evesham, Worcestershire.
The 1268–71 papal election, following the death of Pope Clement IV, was the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church. This was due primarily to political infighting between the cardinals. The election of Teobaldo Visconti as Pope Gregory X was the first example of a papal election by "compromise", that is, by the appointment of a committee of six cardinals agreed to by the other remaining ten. The election occurred more than a year after the magistrates of Viterbo locked the cardinals in, reduced their rations to bread and water, and removed the roof of the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo where the election took place.
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Bertrand de Saint-Martin was a French cardinal.
The September 1276 papal election is the only papal election to be the third election held in the same year; after Pope Gregory X died, two successors died that year, requiring yet another election. The election was also the first non-conclave, since the establishment of the papal conclave after the papal election, 1268–1271.
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Pope Gregory X (1271–1276) create five cardinals in one consistory.
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Matteo Rosso Orsini, was a Roman aristocrat, politician, diplomat, and Roman Catholic Cardinal. He was the nephew of Pope Nicholas III (1277-1280).
Uberto Coconati, a Roman Catholic Cardinal, was born at Asti in the Piedmont region of Italy, a member of the family of the Counts of Cocconato, who were vassals of the Marchese di Monferrato. Thierry de Vaucouleurs, the author of the Johanneslegende, Uberto was "Lombardus nomine, stirpe potens".
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References
- ↑ Cf. Björn Gebert, Außerordentlich: Johann von Toledo OCist und seine Kontakte zu Kartäusern und anderen Ordensleuten. Ein Beitrag zur Beziehung zwischen Kartäuserorden und Kurie im 13. Jahrhundert, in: Hermann Josef Roth (ed.), Die Kartäuser im Blickpunkt der Wissenschaften. 35 Jahre internationale Treffen 23.-25. Mai 2014 in der ehemaligen Kölner Kartause (Analecta Cartusiana 310), Salzburg 2015, pp. 113-122, here 115f; Andreas Fischer, Kardinäle im Konklave. Die lange Sedisvakanz der Jahre 1268 bis 1271 (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in rom 118), Tübingen 2008, pp. 56-72, here 56-58.
- 1 2 Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (2001). Princes of the Church: A History of the English Cardinals. Stroud, UK: Sutton. p. 173. ISBN 0-7509-2630-9.
