The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus Carex with over 2,000 species.
Spathoglottis, commonly known as purple orchids or 苞舌兰属 is a genus of about fifty species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen terrestrial herbs with crowded pseudobulbs, a small number of leaves and medium-sized resupinate flowers on an upright flowering stem. The sepals and petals are all similar to each other and are white, yellow, pink or purple. Species of Spathoglottis are found from eastern and south-eastern Asia to Australia and some Pacific Islands.
Knightia is a small genus of the family Proteaceae endemic to New Zealand, named in honor of Thomas Andrew Knight. One extant species, K. excelsa (rewarewa) is found in New Zealand. Two further Knightia species are found in New Caledonia, although they were placed in the genus Eucarpha by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs in their influential 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family", a placement supported in a 2006 classification of the Proteaceae. A fossil species from upper Miocene deposits in Kaikorai has been described as Knightia oblonga. Knightia has been placed in the tribe Roupaleae of the subfamily Grevilleoideae.
The Joinvilleaceae are a family of flowering plants with a single genus including four species. The APG II system, of 2003 assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family consists of one genus with four currently accepted species, distributed from the Malay Peninsula to the Caroline Islands and high islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is evolutionarily significant as a relictual group closely related to grasses. They closely resemble large grass plants, in both general appearance and microanatomy, but possess fleshy fruits.
Colubrina is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia, northern Australia, and the Indian Ocean islands.
Basselinia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. The entire genus is endemic to the Island of New Caledonia in the Pacific. In some molecular phylogenetic analyses, Hedyscepe from Lord Howe Island is nested in Basselinia.
Chambeyronia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae. It contains nine species, all endemic to New Caledonia:
Beauprea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. Its 13 extant species are endemic to New Caledonia, though closely related forms have been found in the fossil records of Australia and New Zealand. Its closest extant relatives are the African Protea and Faurea.
Kermadecia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. The genus comprises eight species of rainforest trees from New Caledonia, Fiji, and Vanuatu. Its closest relative is Euplassa from South America.
Pancheria is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Cunoniaceae. It is to endemic to New Caledonia and contains 27 species. Leaves or whorled, simple or pinnate. The flowers are arranged in capitula, fruits are follicular. The species are dioecious. The genus is well diversified on ultramafic rocks and some species are nickel hyperaccumulators. It is related to Cunonia and Pterophylla. It was named after Jean Armand Isidore Pancher.
Soulamea is a genus of plant in family Simaroubaceae. They are shrubs or small trees, and are dioecious, with the exception of Soulamea amara, which has bisexual flowers. It is native to parts of Malesia in the West Pacific. From the Seychelles, Borneo, Bismarck Archipelago, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Maluku to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
Xanthostemon is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, first described in 1857 by the German–born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. The genus is distributed across Malesia, Papuasia and northern Australia. The genera Pleurocalyptus and Purpureostemon from New Caledonia are morphologically close to Xanthostemon.
Cunonia is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Cunoniaceae. The genus has a disjunct distribution, with 24 species endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific, and one species in Southern Africa. Leaves are opposite, simple or pinnate with a margin entire to serrate. Interpetiolar stipules are often conspicuous and generally enclose buds to form a spoon-like shape. Flowers are bisexual, white, red, or green, arranged in racemes. The fruit is a capsule opening first around the base then vertically, seeds are winged.
Stenotaphrum is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.
Joinvillea plicata is a flowering plant species, one of four in the genus Joinvillea. It is found in New Caledonia and is considered a common plant by the natives.
Codia is a genus of trees and shrubs in the family Cunoniaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific and contains 15 species. The leaves are opposite or whorled, simple, and the margin usually entire. The flowers are arranged in capitula. the ovary is inferior. The fruit is indehiscent and is covered with woolly hairs.
Eucarpha is a genus of flowering plant of the family Proteaceae, endemic to New Caledonia. Two species are recognised. Up to 1975, these were classified within the genus Knightia until Lawrence Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs recognised their distinctness, particularly their prominent bracts, in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family". Nomenclatural combinations for these two species in the genus Eucarpha were published in 2022.
Pleurocalyptus is a group of shrubs and small trees in the family Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1868. The entire genus is endemic to New Caledonia. It is closely related to Xanthostemon.
Cyathopsis is a genus of shrubs in the family Ericaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific and contains three species that have previously been included in Styphelia. It is related to genera such as Leucopogon, Lissanthe and Styphelia.
Morelotia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Cyperaceae. It contains six species of sedges native to New Zealand, the Hawaiian Islands, Tubuai Islands, and Western Australia.
