Joss Bland-Hawthorn

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Joss Bland-Hawthorn
Joss Bland-Hawthorn and Roger Davies, NAM 2012.jpg
Joss Bland-Hawthorn (right) with Roger Davies (left) in 2012
Born(1959-05-31)31 May 1959
Ide Hill, Kent, England
NationalityBritish-Australian
CitizenshipAustralian, British
Known forGalactic archaeology
Near-field cosmology
Galaxia simulator
Astronomical instrumentation
Astrophotonics: photonic lantern
Awards ARC Federation Fellow Professorship (2007)
Muhlmann Award (ASP) (2011)
Jackson-Gwilt Medal (RAS) (2012)
ARC Laureate Professor of Astrophysics (2014)
WH Steel Medal (Australian Optical Society) (2015)
Peter McGregor Team Prize (ASA (2016)
New South Wales Scientist of the Year (2016)
Thomas Ranken Lyle Medal (AAS (2017)
HiCi Laureate and Australian Research Leader (2019-20)
Walter Boas Medal (AIP) (2020)
Doctor Honoris Causa, Université d’Aix-Marseille (2022)
Scientific career
Fields Astrophysics
Photonics and optics
Institutions Royal Greenwich Observatory
Institute for Astronomy, Hawaii
Rice University, Texas
Anglo-Australian Observatory, Sydney
The University of Sydney
Thesis The Structure and Dynamics of Ionised Gas within NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)  (1986)
Website www.sydney.edu.au/science/about/our-people/academic-staff/jonathan-bland-hawthorn.html

Jonathan (Joss) Bland-Hawthorn (born 31 May 1959 in Ide Hill, Kent, England) is a British-Australian astrophysicist. He is a Laureate professor of physics at the University of Sydney, and director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy.

Contents

Early life and education

Bland-Hawthorn was born 31 May 1959 in Ide Hill, Kent, England. [1] He was educated at Kingham Hill School (1970–1977). [2] He earned a degree in computer science, mathematics, and physics at the University of Birmingham before pursuing his PhD in astrophysics and astronomy at the University of Sussex and the Royal Greenwich Observatory. [3] [4] His dissertation, The Structure and Dynamics of the Ionised Gas within NGC 5128 (Centaurus A), was completed and approved in 1986. [5] [6]

Career

In 1985, Bland-Hawthorn took a three-year postdoctoral position studying astrophysics at the University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy. [7] In 1988, he briefly did research at Princeton University and Institute for Advanced Study; the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; the United States Naval Research Laboratory, and the Space Telescope Science Institute before accepting a tenured professorship at Rice University in the space, physics, and astronomy department. [8] [7] [1] He held this role until 1993, when he took another research fellowship, this time at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. [1] Later that year, he moved to Australia and joined the Anglo-Australian Observatory in Sydney as a physicist until 2000, when he became the Head of Instrument Science. [7] [1] [9] He was awarded with an ARC Federation Fellow Professorship in 2007 and left the Observatory to teach physics and work as Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA) within the University of Sydney's School of Physics. [10] [1] In 2008, he was given the Muhlmann Award from the ASP and shared the inaugural Group Achievement Award from the Royal Astronomical Society with 32 colleagues including John A. Peacock, Warrick Couch, and Karl Glazebrook. [11] [12]

In 2009, he co-founded the Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), a collaborative group of physicists, electrical engineers, mathematicians, and chemists. [13] The following year, he was Leverhulme Professor and visiting fellow at Merton College, Oxford. In 2011, he was a Brittingham Scholar at the University of Wisconsin. [14] [15] Bland-Hawthorn was awarded the Jackson-Gwilt Medal in 2012 by the Royal Astronomical Society and was made a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Optical Society of America. [16] [1] He became an ARC Laureate Fellow in 2014 and received the W.H. Steel Medal from the Australian and New Zealand Optical Society in 2015. [17] In 2016, he was presented with the NSW Premier's Prize for Excellence in Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry and Physics for the development of the Galactic Archaeology survey, [18] and the Astronomical Society of Australia's Peter McGregor Team Prize. [1] In 2017, he was given the Thomas Ranken Lyle Medal by the Australian Academy of Science for the development of the fields astrophotonics and galactic archaeology. [19] He worked at the University of California, Berkeley in 2018 as a visiting Miller Professor and is the sixth Australian to receive this honour. [20] In 2019-21, he was a HiCi Laureate/Australian Research Leader in astronomy and astrophysics and the highest ranked physicist in Australia by Research.com. [21] In 2021, he was awarded the Walter Boas Medal by the AIP and granted a visiting professor fellowship at École normale supérieure in Paris. [21] In 2022, he was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa by the University of Aix-Marseille and honoured by Anti-slavery Australia for his collaborative work on novel ways to track modern slavery in supply chains.

He is the Project Scientist and founder of the Sydney Astrophotonic Instrumentation Lab (SAIL) and the Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy, both at the University of Sydney. [22] [23] He was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2023. [24] Bland-Hawthorn sits on several boards, including: Astronomy Australia Limited, The Australis Board, and the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. [15]

Research

Bland-Hawthorn first coined the term "near-field cosmology," which looks at the early physical histories of stars and galaxies, in his Nature article Clues to galaxy formation and in 2002 co-wrote an Annual Review article with Ken Freeman giving a more detailed description of this topic. [25] [26] [27] [28] The Annual Review paper additionally introduces galactic archaeology, chemical tagging, and the use of high spectroscopic resolution to conduct mass star surveys. [25] [29] [30] [9] This technology has been in use since 1993 and still plays a large part in surveys such as the APO Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE), Gaia-ESO (GES), Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), the William Herschel Telescope Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE), and 4MOST, as well as the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) with which he is involved. [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] In 2011, Bland-Hawthorn, Sanjib Sharma, Kathryn Johnston, and James Binney developed Galaxia, a galaxy model simulation code. [37] In 2016, he and Ortwin Gerhard were able to identify properties of the Milky Way that could act as a fossil record. [38] [39] [40]

Bland-Hawthorn is particularly interested in the Milky Way. [41] In 2003, he and Martin Cohen wrote about the galaxy's bipolar x-ray wind, which they spotted using the ROSAT satellite; this theory was not proven until 2010. [42] [43] Bland-Hawthorn continues to write about simulated galactic winds [44] and Smith's Cloud. [45] He wrote several articles showing that high-velocity HI clouds are within the Galactic halo rather than at megaparsec distances as originally thought. [46] [47] [48] He was also the first to show that the HI disc in the outer parts of spiral galaxies undergoes a phase change and becomes ionized. [49]

In 2000, he established the field of astrophotonics.[ citation needed ] Among the many technologies and instruments he has worked on and developed over his career are the photonic lantern, OH-suppression fibres, hexabundles, and the photonic integrated multimode microspectrograph; all of these also have applications in other fields. [50] [51] [52] [53] Bland-Hawthorn's experimental work in 2021 focuses on exploratory use of quantum technologies in the field of astronomy. [54] [55] [56] He and colleagues John Bartholomew and Matt Sellars proposed that quantum memories at different telescopes can be combined to perform very-long-baseline interferometry at infrared wavelengths. [54]

Bland-Hawthorn has more than 1,000 publications and has been cited upwards of 65,000 times according to ResearchGate. [57]

Interests

His main research interests include:

Near-field Cosmology

Astrophotonics & Quantum Astronomy

3D Spectrographs & Differential Techniques

Personal life

He and his wife Sue have two sons Christian and Luke. [58]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galaxy</span> Large gravitationally bound system of stars and interstellar matter

A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek galaxias (γαλαξίας), literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, range in size from dwarfs with less than a thousand stars, to the largest galaxies known – supergiants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Most of the mass in a typical galaxy is in the form of dark matter, with only a few percent of that mass visible in the form of stars and nebulae. Supermassive black holes are a common feature at the centres of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Globular cluster</span> Spherical collection of stars

A globular cluster is a spheroidal conglomeration of stars that is bound together by gravity, with a higher concentration of stars towards their centers. They can contain anywhere from tens of thousands to many millions of member stars, all orbiting in a stable, compact formation. Globular clusters are similar in form to dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and the distinction between the two is not always clear. Their name is derived from Latin globulus. Globular clusters are occasionally known simply as "globulars".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 87</span> Elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supermassive black hole</span> Largest type of black hole

A supermassive black hole is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space from which nothing can escape, including light. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stellar population</span> Grouping of stars by similar metallicity

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galactic Center</span> Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaurus A</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sagittarius A*</span> Supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sombrero Galaxy</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 63</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5965</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4800</span> Galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici

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References

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  2. ↑ "Kingham Hill School". Twitter . 20 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022. We're very proud of Hillian Joss Bland-Hawthorn (1970-77) for this outstanding achievement
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  7. 1 2 3 Anderson, Rebecca (2017). ""Ask Me Anything" and They Did! Top 5 Astrophysics Takeaways from Joss Bland-Hawthorn, ARC Laureate Fellow Professor of Physics and Director of the Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIFA)". Optica. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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  22. ↑ "[online] Galactic seismology: the evolution of bending waves and density waves after the Sagittarius impact". University of Kentucky. 2021. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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  27. ↑ Freeman, Ken; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (2002). "The New Galaxy: Signatures of Its Formation". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 40: 487–537. arXiv: astro-ph/0208106 . Bibcode:2002ARA&A..40..487F. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093840. S2CID   9168875 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  28. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (2002). "Clues to galaxy formation". Nature. 400 (6741): 220–221. arXiv: astro-ph/0208106 . doi:10.1038/22230. S2CID   45710803.
  29. ↑ Jones, A.W.; Bland-Hawthorn, J; Shopbell, P.L. (1995). "Title: Towards a General Definition for Spectroscopic Resolution". Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems IV. 77: 503–506. Bibcode:1995ASPC...77..503J . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  30. ↑ Melhado Silva, Guilherme; Freeman, K.C.; Bland-Hawthorn, J; Martell, S. (2015). "The GALAH survey: scientific motivation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 449 (3): 2604–2617. arXiv: 1502.04767 . doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv327 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  31. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (25 August 2010). "Last days of the lone astronomer". Nature. 466 (7310): 1044–1045. Bibcode:2010Natur.466.1044B. doi: 10.1038/4661044a . S2CID   4427524.
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  33. ↑ "The Gaia-ESO Survey" (PDF). European Southern Observatory. 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  34. ↑ "First Result of LAMOST High-Resolution Spectroscopy". LAMOST. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  35. ↑ "WEAVE Gets Primed For On-Sky Commissioning". Space Ref. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  36. ↑ De Jong, Roelof S.; et al. (2012). "4MOST: 4-metre multi-object spectroscopic telescope". In McLean, Ian S; Ramsay, Suzanne K; Takami, Hideki (eds.). Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IV. Vol. 8446. pp. 84460T. arXiv: 1206.6885 . doi:10.1117/12.926239. S2CID   65072818.
  37. ↑ Sharma, Sanjib; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Johnston, Kathryn; Binney, James (2011). "Galaxia: a code to generate a synthetic survey of the Milky Way". The Astrophysical Journal. 730 (1): 3. arXiv: 1101.3561 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...730....3S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/3. S2CID   118379747 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  38. ↑ Wang, Zixian; Hayden, Michael R.; Sharma, Sanjib; Xiang, Maosheng (2021). "Reliable stellar abundances of individual stars with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph". MNRAS. 514 (1): 1034. arXiv: 2109.09327 . Bibcode:2022MNRAS.514.1034W. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1425 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  39. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Gerhard, Ortwin (2016). "The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 54 (1): 529–596. arXiv: 1602.07702 . Bibcode:2016ARA&A..54..529B. doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441. S2CID   53649594 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  40. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Freeman, Ken (7 January 2000). "The Baryon Halo of the Milky Way: A Fossil Record of Its Formation". Science. 287 (5450): 79–84. doi:10.1126/science.287.5450.79. PMID   10615053 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  41. ↑ Gallagher, Richard (24 May 2020). "Galaxy Archaelogy[sic]: Joss Bland-Hawthorn". Annual Reviews. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  42. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Cohen, Martin (2003). "The Large-scale Bipolar Wind in the Galactic Center". The Astrophysical Journal. 582 (1): 246–256. arXiv: astro-ph/0208553 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...582..246B. doi:10.1086/344573. S2CID   15121832.
  43. ↑ Su, Meng; Slatyer, Tracy R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. (2010). "Giant Gamma-Ray Bubbles Fromfermi-Lat: Active Galactic Nucleus Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?". The Astrophysical Journal. 724 (2): 1044–1082. arXiv: 1005.5480 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...724.1044S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1044. S2CID   59939190 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  44. ↑ Cooper, Jackie L.; Bicknell, Geoffrey V.; Sutherland, Ralph S.; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (2009). "Starburst-Driven Galactic Winds: Filament Formation and Emission Processes". The Astrophysical Journal. 703 (1): 1–39. arXiv: 0907.4004 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...703..330C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/330. S2CID   5984386.
  45. ↑ Nichols, M; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss (7 December 2009). "The Smith Cloud: High-Velocity Accretion and Dark Matter Confinement". The Astrophysical Journal. 707 (2): 1642–1649. arXiv: 0911.0684 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...707.1642N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1642. S2CID   118439169 . Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  46. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Veilleux, S.; Cecil, G. N.; Putman, M. E.; Gibson, B. K.; Maloney, P. R. (1998). "The Smith cloud: HI associated with the SGR dwarf?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 299 (2): 611. arXiv: astro-ph/9802220 . Bibcode:1998MNRAS.299..611B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01902.x. S2CID   12921639.
  47. ↑ Putman, M. E.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Veilleux, S.; Gibson, B. K.; Freeman, K. C.; Maloney, P. R. (2003). "Hα Emission from High-Velocity Clouds and Their Distances". The Astrophysical Journal. 597 (2): 948–956. arXiv: astro-ph/0307509 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...597..948P. doi:10.1086/378555. S2CID   1543399.
  48. ↑ Blitz, Leo; Spergel, David N.; Teuben, Peter J.; Hartmann, Dap; Burton, W. Butler (1999). "High-Velocity Clouds: Building Blocks of the Local Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 514 (2): 818–843. arXiv: astro-ph/9803251 . Bibcode:1999ApJ...514..818B. doi:10.1086/306963. S2CID   12518840.
  49. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, J; Freeman, K; Quinn, P (20 June 1997). "Where Do the Disks of Spiral Galaxies End". The Astrophysical Journal. 490 (1): 143–155. arXiv: astro-ph/9706210 . Bibcode:1997ApJ...490..143B. doi:10.1086/304865. S2CID   15365890.
  50. ↑ "PROFESSOR JOSS BLAND-HAWTHORN". Australian Academy of Science. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  51. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Englund, M.; Edvell, G. (2004). "New approach to atmospheric OH suppression using an aperiodic fibre Bragg grating". Optics Express. 12 (24): 5902–5909. Bibcode:2004OExpr..12.5902B. doi: 10.1364/OPEX.12.005902 . PMID   19488230.
  52. ↑ "First demonstration of OH suppression in a high-efficiency near-infrared spectrograph".
  53. ↑ Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Bryant, Julia; Robertson, Gordon; Gillingham, Peter; O'Byrne, John; Cecil, Gerald; Haynes, Roger; Croom, Scott; Ellis, Simon; Maack, Martin; Skovgaard, Peter; Noordegraaf, Danny (2011). "Hexabundles: Imaging fiber arrays for low-light astronomical applications". Optics Express. 19 (3): 2649–2661. Bibcode:2011OExpr..19.2649B. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.002649 . PMID   21369086.
  54. 1 2 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Sellars, Matthew J.; Bartholomew, John G. (2021). "Quantum memories and the double-slit experiment: Implications for astronomical interferometry". Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 38 (7): A86. arXiv: 2103.07590 . Bibcode:2021JOSAB..38A..86B. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.424651. S2CID   232233324.
  55. ↑ "Quantum Astronomy Could Create Telescopes Hundreds of Kilometers Wide". Scientific American. June 2021.
  56. ↑ "Quantum Double-Slit Experiment Offers Hope for Earth-Size Telescope". 5 May 2021.
  57. ↑ "Joss Bland-Hawthorn". n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  58. ↑ "Descendants of Reuben Alexander" (PDF). Pennyghael. n.d. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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