The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe. Humans settled in the region of Estonia near the end of the last glacial era,beginning from around 9000 BC. Before German crusaders invaded in the early 13th century,proto-Estonians of ancient Estonia worshipped spirits of nature. Starting with the Northern Crusades in the Middle Ages,Estonia became a battleground for centuries where Denmark,Germany,Russia,Sweden and Poland fought their many wars over controlling the important geographical position of the country as a gateway between East and West.
The Estonian Centre Party is a left-centrist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the Popular Front of Estonia,and it is currently led by Mihhail Kõlvart.
The People's Union of Estonia was a political party in Estonia. Its last leader was Margo Miljand.
The Estonian Reform Party is a liberal political party in Estonia. The party has been led by Kaja Kallas since 2018. It is colloquially known as the "Squirrel Party",referencing its logo.
Res Publica Party was a political party in Estonia that self-identified as conservative. Established as a party on 8 December 2001,the political organisation Res Publica was founded already as early as 1989 and existed as a community of young conservatives,mostly associated with the Pro Patria Union party during the 1990s. Res Publica was a member of the EPP on the European level. It merged with Pro Patria Union in 2006 to form the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union.
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 2 March 2003. The newly elected 101 members of the 10th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. Two opposing parties won the most seats,with both the Centre Party and Res Publica Party winning 28 seats in the Riigikogu. Res Publica was able to gain enough support in negotiations after the elections to form a coalition government.
Ken-Marti Vaher is a leading member of the Estonian Pro Patria and Res Publica Union party.
Andrus Ansip is an Estonian politician,a member of the European Parliament,the former European Commissioner for Digital Single Market and Vice President of the European Commission,in office from 2014 until 2019. Previously,he was Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014 and chairman of the liberal Estonian Reform Party from 2004 to 2014.
Andrus Ansip is the former Prime Minister of Estonia who formed three consecutive cabinets.
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 4 March 2007. The newly elected 101 members of the 11th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. It was the world's first nationwide vote where part of the voting was carried out in the form of remote electronic voting via the internet.
Jaak Aaviksoo is an Estonian politician and physicist,a former rector of the University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech).
The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the Republic of Estonia.
Siim Valmar Kiisler is an Estonian politician,a member of the Parempoolsed,former member of Isamaa.
A parliamentary election was held in Estonia on 6 March 2011,with e-voting between 24 February and 2 March 2011. The newly elected 101 members of the 12th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. The incumbent government of the Reform Party and IRL continued in office until 2014 when Prime Minister Andrus Ansip resigned,ending his tenure as the longest-serving Prime Minister in contemporary Estonian history. He was replaced by Taavi Rõivas who formed a new coalition government with SDE. The Riigikogu elected after this election was the least fragmented in Estonian history,featuring only four parties.
Kristen Michal is an Estonian politician. A member of the Estonian Reform Party,he was the minister of economic affairs and infrastructure in Taavi Rõivas' cabinet between 9 April 2015 and 22 November 2016. Previously,Michal served as the minister of justice from 2011 to 2012.
Urmas Reinsalu is an Estonian politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2022 to 2023 and previously from 2019 to 2021. Before that,Urmas has served as the Minister of Defence between 2012 and 2014,and Minister of Justice from 2015 to 2019. Reinsalu is a member and current leader of the Isamaa ("Fatherland") political party,and was the party leader from 2012 to 2015.
Urve Tiidus is an Estonian politician,member of the Reform Party and former journalist. She was Minister of Culture in Taavi Rõivas's first cabinet. She has been a member of Riigikogu since 2011. Before that she served as the mayor of Kuressaare.
Taavi Rõivas is an Estonian politician,former Prime Minister of Estonia from 2014 to 2016 and former leader of the Reform Party. Before his term as the Prime Minister,Rõivas was the Minister of Social Affairs from 2012 to 2014. On 9 November 2016 his second cabinet dissolved after coalition partners,Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica and Social Democratic Party,sided with the opposition in a no confidence motion. At the end of 2020,Rõivas announced quitting politics,and resigned from his parliament seat.
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 1 March 2015. Advance voting was held between 19 and 25 February with a turnout of 33 percent. The Reform Party remained the largest in the Riigikogu,winning 30 of the 101 seats. Its leader,Taavi Rõivas,remained Prime Minister. The newly elected 101 members of the 13th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. Two political newcomers,the Free Party and the Conservative People's Party (EKRE) crossed the threshold to enter the Riigikogu.
Juhan Parts's cabinet was in office in Estonia from 10 April 2003 to 13 April 2005,when it was succeeded by Andrus Ansip's first cabinet.
