Career
Justinian first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1790 with Maitland, master, Hamilton, owner, and trade London–Botany Bay. [3]
Transport to NSW and EIC voyage
Justinian left England on 29 July 1789 for Jamaica. She arrived there, unloaded her cargo, loaded a cargo of sugar, and returned to England. There the government hired her to carry stores to New South Wales. She had left for Jamaica on the same day that Lady Juliana left for Port Jackson, carrying convicts.
Captain Benjamin Maitland sailed Justinian on 29 December 1789, and she left Falmouth, England, on 20 January 1790, bound for New South Wales and China. After calling at Madeira and St Jago, she arrived at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson on 20 June, [4] having been driven off from the harbour heads on 2 June. She had arrived at the Sydney Heads one day before Lady Juliana and only ill winds had prevented her from entering.
One week after Justinian's arrival, the three ships of the infamous Second Fleet arrived. After unloading, she departed for China on 28 July 1790, [4] to load tea for the EIC for the return journey to Britain.
On the way, Justinian called at Norfolk Island, arriving there on 28 August in company with Surprize. [6]
Justinian arrived at England on 8 October 1791. She then returned to the West Indies trade. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1796.
Golden Grove was built at Whitby in 1780 as Russian Merchant, and was renamed Golden Grove in 1782. She served as a storeship for the First Fleet to Australia. Thereafter she sailed to the Mediterranean and the Baltic. She is last listed in 1811–1813.
Scarborough was a double-decked, three-masted, ship-rigged, copper-sheathed, barque that participated in the First Fleet, assigned to transport convicts for the European colonisation of Australia in 1788. Also, the British East India company (EIC) chartered Scarborough to take a cargo of tea back to Britain after her two voyages transporting convicts. She spent much of her career as a West Indiaman, trading between London and the West Indies, but did perform a third voyage in 1801–02 to Bengal for the EIC. In January 1805 she repelled a French privateer of superior force in a single-ship action, before foundering in April.
Lady Penrhyn was built on the River Thames in 1786 as a slave ship.
Charlotte was an English merchant ship built on the River Thames in 1784 and chartered in 1786 to carry convicts as part of the First Fleet to New South Wales. She returned to Britain from Botany Bay via China, where she picked up a cargo for the British East India Company. Charlotte then spent much of the rest of her career as a West Indiaman in the London-Jamaica trade. She may have been lost off Newfoundland in 1818; in any case, she disappeared from the lists by 1821. Charlotte made an appearance in the movie National Treasure.
Surprize was a three-deck merchant vessel launched in 1780 that made five voyages as a packet ship under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). The fourth of which was subsequent to her participating in the notorious Second Fleet transporting convicts to Port Jackson (EIC). Her fifth voyage for the EIC was subsequent to her second voyage transporting convicts to Australia. In 1799 a French frigate captured her in the Bay of Bengal.
Neptune was a three-decker East Indiaman launched in 1780 at Deptford. She made five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), the last one transporting convicts to Port Jackson as one of the vessels of the notorious Second Fleet. This voyage resulted in a private suit against the master and chief officer for wrongful death. A fire and explosion in 1796 at Cape Town destroyed Neptune.
Lady Juliana, was launched at Whitby in 1777. She transported convicts in 1789 from Britain to Australia.
Phoenix was a three-decker merchant ship built on the Thames in 1798. On a voyage in 1824 on which she first transported convicts to Van Diemen's Land she was damaged on the Sow and Pigs Reef inside Port Jackson Heads, New South Wales, Australia. She was then condemned and turned into a prison hulk. She was broken up in 1837.
Archduke Charles was built in Newcastle, England in 1809. She was sheathed in copper in 1810 and partially resheathed with copper in 1812. She made one voyage transporting convicts from Ireland to New South Wales, and on her return voyage to Britain she carried a cargo from China for the British East India Company (EIC). She was wrecked in 1816 while carrying troops from Quebec to Nova Scotia.
Perseus was a sailing ship built in 1799 at Stockton-on-Tees, England. She made one voyage transporting convicts to New South Wales, returning to England via Canton. In 1803-1804 she served as an "armed defense ship". Thereafter she served as a transport. She is last listed in 1844.
Minstrel was launched at Hull in 1811. She transported convicts to Australia in 1812 and again in 1825. Between these voyages she traded east of the Cape of Good Hope under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). In 1829 she brought immigrants from England to the Swan River Colony. She then traded widely, including across the Atlantic. Minstrel foundered in March 1851.
Castle Forbes was a merchant ship built by Robert Gibbon & Sons at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1818. She made several voyages to India, sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She made two voyages transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia. She sustained damage in 1826 on a voyage to India and was condemned at the Cape of Good Hope. However, she was repaired. She was last listed in 1832, and in 1838 in Lloyd's Register (LR).
Edward was built at Bristol, England, in 1806. She was a West Indiaman until from 1829she made two voyages transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia. She was last listed in 1841, sailing between London and Madras.
Henry was a merchant ship built in Buckler's Hard, England, in 1826. She made one voyage transporting convicts from Mauritius to Australia. She grounded off Fremantle in 1841 and was refloated, only to disappear after leaving Moulmein.
Young William was a ship launched in 1794 at Whitby, Yorkshire, England. She made a voyage to Botany Bay for the British East India Company (EIC), and then on her way to China discovered or rediscovered several Pacific Islands. Later, she made two voyages as a slave ship. She was wrecked in September 1802.
Claudine was launched at Calcutta in 1811. She made two voyages transporting convicts, one to Van Diemen's Land in 1821 and one to New South Wales in 1829. In between, she made one voyage under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). Her captain deliberately grounded her in November 1840 to survive a storm, but she was able to return to service. She was broken up in 1849.
Agamemnon was launched at Sunderland in 1811. She traded with India and made one voyage in 1820 transporting convicts to New South Wales. She was wrecked in 1826.
Juliana was launched at Salkia, opposite Calcutta, in 1814. She spent almost all of her career trading between England and India. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC), in 1824–25; she ended this voyage in Quebec, becoming, with her consort, the first vessels to arrive at Quebec from China. She wrecked at Cape Town in 1839 while carrying immigrants from England to Sydney, New South Wales.
Dick was a merchant ship built in 1788 in Rotherhithe, on the River Thames, England. She initially sailed as a West Indiaman. Her role and whereabouts between 1796 and 1810 are obscure. Later, she made two voyages as a troop transport, one to Ceylon and one to New South Wales. She then made one voyage in 1820 transporting convicts to New South Wales. She was last listed in 1822.
Venus was launched at Deptford in 1788 and made 15 voyages as a whaler in the British Southern Whale Fishery. She was last listed in 1823.
Great Britain