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Kalaripayattu is an Indian martial art that originated in Kerala, a state on the southwestern coast of India during the 11th–12th century CE.
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Unniyarcha (ഉണ്ണിയാർച്ച) is a legendary warrior and heroine from the 16th century, mentioned in the Vadakkan Pattukal, a set of historical ballads from northern Kerala, a state in southwestern India. She was a member of a Thiyyar community family called Puthooram Veed in Kadathanad. Her father's name was Kannappa Chekavar. She is believed to have lived in the northern part of Kerala during the 16th century. She is a popular character in Kerala's folklore and is remembered for her valour and skills in Kerala's native martial art, Kalaripayattu. According to legend, Unniyarcha was mostly known for her deadly skill with the whip-like urumi, a unique type of sword that originates from Kerala. Like most traditional Kalaripayattu practitioners, she began training at the kalari at the age of seven.
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Padayani, also known Padeni, is a traditional folk dance and a ritual art from the central portion of the Indian state of Kerala. A ceremonial dance involving masks, it is an ancient ritual performed in Bhagavati temples. The dance is performed in honor of Bhadrakaali. Meaning, a 'row of warriors', Padayani is an art form that blends all music, dance, theatre, satire, facial masks, and paintings. It is part of worship of Bhadrakali and is staged in temples dedicated to the goddess from mid-December to mid-May. Padayani is unique to central Travancore, comprising the Pathanamthitta and Kottayam districts of Kerala. It is also performed in adjoining regions of Kollam, Alappuzha districts.
Āśān is a Malayalam and Tamil surname and title that means teacher or guide.
Parayakad, Alappuzha is a village in Kuthiathode gram panchayat, India. in Cherthala Taluk in Alappuzha district in the Indian state of Kerala. There is another place known as Parayakad or Parayad in Ernakulum District. This is a small area / block (muri) in Chittattukara Village in North Paravoor. Parayakad Village in Alleppey district is listed in the Central Government Indian Village Directory. Kuthiathode comes under the Pattanakad Block in Aroor Assembly constituency.
Ezhuthu Kalari, a Malayalam term refers to the old traditional village schools in Kerala. These institutions were the major centers for initiating elementary education. Most of the children in the past had to attend these centres for learning 3Rs. It had been known by other names as well, such as Ezhuthu pally or Asan Kalari or Pallikkoodam. Ezhuthu Kalari were believed to be evolved from the ancient traditions of Gurukula system of schooling. Teachers of these schools were addressed by the name Asan or Ezhuthu Asan. Ezhuthupally meaning schools on Shree Budda's period
Parichamuttu Kali is an Indian martial-arts dance form of Kerala practiced by the Saint Thomas Syrian Christians who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century. It is performed by men bearing swords and shields and follows the movements and steps of Kalarippayattu. This dance is closely related to Margam Kali. Parichamuttu Kali was also performed by Harijans.
Pallikoodam or Ezhuthupally Pally is a word in Malayalam and Tamil that denotes a school. These were mostly village schools run by individual teachers and were distinct from Kalaris that taught martial arts.
Avanangattilkalari Sree Vishnumaya Temple is a Hindu temple at Peringottukara, Thrissur District, Kerala state, India. It is dedicated to the god Vishnumaya in Kerala. The god is known also by the names Chathan.
References
- ↑ Ayyappan, A (1965). Social revolution in a Kerala village: a study in culture change. New Delhi: Asia publication house. pp. 26–27.
- ↑ Bulletin of Madras Government Museum: New series, general section, Volume 5, Issue 1. Director of Stationary and Printing (1929). p. 28.
- ↑ Mohan, Anupama (2012). Utopia and the Village in South Asian Literatures. New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 142. ISBN 9781137031891.
- ↑ L. Krishna Anantha Krishna Iyer (Diwan Bahadur); The Cochin tribes and castes; 1909
- ↑ Hendrik Adriaan van Reed Tot Drakestein 1636-1691 and Hortus, Malabaricus. Routledge. 22 November 2017. ISBN 9781351441070.
- ↑ "Letters from Malabar". 1862.
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