Mustafa I,called Mustafa the Saint during his second reign,and called Mustafa the Mad by historians,was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618,and from 20 May 1622 to 10 September 1623. He was the son of sultan Mehmed III and Halime Sultan.
Ibrahim was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648. He was born in Constantinople,the son of sultan Ahmed I by Kösem Sultan,an ethnic Greek originally named Anastasia.
Mehmed IV,also known as Mehmed the Hunter,was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the age of six after his father was overthrown in a coup. Mehmed went on to become the second-longest-reigning sultan in Ottoman history after Suleiman the Magnificent. While the initial and final years of his reign were characterized by military defeat and political instability,during his middle years he oversaw the revival of the empire's fortunes associated with the Köprülüera. Mehmed IV was known by contemporaries as a particularly pious ruler,and was referred to as gazi,or "holy warrior" for his role in the many conquests carried out during his long reign.
KöprülüMehmed Pasha was the founder of the Köprülüpolitical dynasty of the Ottoman Empire,a family of viziers,warriors,and statesmen who dominated the administration of the Ottoman Empire during the last half of the 17th century,an era known as the Köprülüera. He helped rebuild the power of the empire by rooting out corruption and reorganizing the Ottoman army. As he introduced these changes,Köprülüalso expanded the borders of the empire,defeating the Cossacks,the Hungarians,and most impressively,the Venetians. Köprülü's effectiveness was matched by his reputation.
Zaganos or Zagan Pasha was an Albanian Ottoman military commander,with the titles and ranks of kapudan pasha and the highest military rank,grand vizier,during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror". Originally a Christian,who was conscripted and converted through the devşirme system,he became a Muslim and rose through the ranks of the janissaries. He became one of the prominent military commanders of Mehmed II and a lala –the sultan's advisor,mentor,tutor,councillor,protector,all at once. He removed his rival,the previous Grand Vizier ÇandarlıHalil Pasha the Younger,amid the fall of Constantinople. He later served as the governor of Thessaly of Macedonia.
Turhan Hatice Sultan was the first Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim and Valide sultan as the mother of Mehmed IV. Turhan was prominent for the regency of her young son and her building patronage. She and Kösem Sultan are the only two women in Ottoman history to be regarded as official regents and had supreme control over the Ottoman Empire. As a result,Turhan became one of the prominent figures during the era known as Sultanate of Women.
Amcazade KöprülüHüseyin Pasha (1644–1702) of the Köprülüfamily,was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Mustafa II from September 1697 until September 1702. Amcazade Koprulu Huseyin Pasha was close to ordinary Ottoman Muslim subjects being a member of the Mevlevi Order. He was known to be concerned with the needs of the common people as well as those of the military and bureaucratic classes.
Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha,his epithet meaning "son of Cicala",was an Ottoman Italian statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier for forty days between 27 October to 5 December 1596,during the reign of Mehmed III. He was also a Kapudan Pasha as well as a military general. He was one of the most capable statesmen of the Ottoman Classical Age,having contributed to the eastwards expansion of the empire at the expense of Persia and successfully defended Ottoman Hungary from Habsburg invasion. However,because of court intricacies,he resigned from the Vizierate after just over a month in office.
Kösem Sultan,also known as Mahpeyker Sultan,was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the chief consort and legal wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I,Valide Sultan as the mother of sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim,and Büyük Valide Sultan as the grandmother of Sultan Mehmed IV. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history,as well as a central figure during the period known as the Sultanate of Women.
The Köprülüera was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of grand viziers from the Köprülüfamily. The Köprülüera is sometimes more narrowly defined as the period from 1656 to 1683,as it was during those years that members of the family held the office of grand vizier uninterruptedly,while for the remainder of the period they occupied it only sporadically.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Ottoman Empire:
DervişMehmed Pasha,an Ottoman Bosnian statesman,served briefly as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire between 21 June 1606 and 9 December 1606.
Damat Halil Pasha,also known as Khalil Pasha,was an Ottoman Armenian statesman. He was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1616–1619 and 1626–1628. He also served in the Ottoman Navy,and led a number of attacks including the Raid of Żejtun in Malta in 1614.
Kara Davud Pasha,also known as simply Davud Pasha or as Hain Davud Pasha,was an Ottoman statesman who became briefly Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1622,during the reign of his brother-in-law Mustafa I.
Melek Ahmed Pasha was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier during the reign of Mehmed IV.
KemankeşKara Mustafa Pasha was an Ottoman Albanian military officer and statesman. He served as Kapudan Pasha and as grand vizier.
Abaza SiyavuşPasha I was an Ottoman grand vizier. He was married with Safiye Hanımsultan,daughter of the princess Gevherhan Sultan and granddaughter of Sultan Ahmed I and Haseki Kösem Sultan.
Sofu Mehmed Pasha,also known as Mevlevi Mehmed Pasha,was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier and defterdar.
Halime Sultan was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III,and the mother of Sultan Mustafa I. The first woman to be Valide Sultan twice and the only to be Valide twice of a same son. She had at least four children with Mehmed:two sons Şehzade Mahmud and Mustafa I,and two daughters Hatice Sultan and Şah Sultan. She was de facto co-ruler as Valide Sultan from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618 and from 19 May 1622 to 10 September 1623,because her son was mentally instable. Halime was also one of the prominent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women.
Ayşe Sultan was an Ottoman princess,daughter of Sultan Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan,half-sister of Sultan Osman II and sister of Sultan Murad IV and Sultan Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire. Ayşe is known for her many politically motivated marriages.
Ottoman Empire 
