The National Rally,known as the National Front from 1972 to 2018,is a French nationalist and right-wing populist party in France. It is the largest parliamentary opposition group in the National Assembly;it has seen its candidate reach the second round in the 2002,2017 and 2022 presidential elections. It is an anti-immigration party,advocating significant cuts to legal immigration and protection of French identity,as well as stricter control of illegal immigration. It also advocates for a 'more balanced' and 'independent' French foreign policy by opposing French military intervention in Africa and by distancing France from the American sphere of influence by leaving NATO's integrated command. It supports reform of the European Union (EU) and its related organisations. It also supports economic interventionism and protectionism,and zero tolerance of breaches of law and order. The party has been accused of promoting xenophobia and antisemitism.
Gonesse is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department,in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris,France. It is located 16.5 km (10.3 mi) from the centre of Paris.
The Carrefour de l'Horloge,formerly Club de l'Horloge (1974–2015),is a French far-right national liberal think tank founded in 1974 and presided by Henry de Lesquen. The organization promotes an "integral neo-Darwinist" philosophy,characterized by a form of economic liberalism infused with ethnic nationalism.
Debout la France is a French political party founded by Nicolas Dupont-Aignan in 1999 under the name Debout la République as the "genuine Gaullist" branch of the Rally for the Republic. It was relaunched again in 2000 and 2002 and held its inaugural congress as an autonomous party in 2008. At the 2014 congress,its name was changed to Debout la France.
Renaud Camus is a French novelist,conspiracy theorist,and white nationalist writer. He is the inventor of the "Great Replacement",a far-right conspiracy theory that claims that a "global elite" is colluding against the white population of Europe to replace them with non-European peoples.
RenéBinet was a French fascist political activist. Initially a Trotskyist in the 1930s,he espoused fascism during World War II and joined the SS Charlemagne Division. Soon after the end of the war,Binet became involved in numerous neo-fascist and white supremacist publications and parties. He wrote the 1950 book Théorie du racisme,deemed influential on the European far-right at large. Binet died in a car accident in 1957,aged 44.
Rassemblement bleu Marine was a French political coalition of right-wing and far-right political parties created by Marine Le Pen in 2012 before the legislative elections. It originally consisted of the National Front,the Sovereignty,Identity and Freedoms (SIEL) party of Paul-Marie Coûteaux,the party Republican Entente (ER) led by Jacques Peyrat,the Republican Gathering (RR) of Jean-Yves Narquin,Patrie et citoyenneté,and a few other small right-wing political parties and independent politicians. It also has the support of the minor Party of Innocence led by Renaud Camus,although they are not officially part of the coalition. SIEL left the coalition in 2016.
Jean Messiha is an Egyptian-born French far-right economist,media personality,and formerly a politician and senior civil servant. He was appointed Deputy Undersecretary of Management at the Ministry of Defence in 2014 before he joined the National Front (FN) in 2016,when he became spokesman of Horaces,a group of high-ranking civil servants and business executives who meet once a month to discuss the party platform. Messiha stood as a candidate in the 2017 legislative election in the 4th constituency of the Aisne department.
The first round of a by-election was held in Territoire de Belfort's 1st constituency on 28 January 2018,with a second round on 4 February because no candidate secured a majority of votes in the first round. The by-election was called due to the invalidation of the election of Ian Boucard,candidate of The Republicans (LR),in the June 2017 legislative elections by the Constitutional Council on 8 December 2017,due to the distribution of misleading electoral leaflets by Boucard's campaign between the two rounds.
The National Council of European Resistance is a France-based pan-European far-right political organization co-founded by Renaud Camus and Karim Ouchikh on 9 November 2017 by analogy to the National Council of the Resistance. It has links to the identitarian movement.
The Great Replacement,also known as replacement theory or great replacement theory,is a white nationalist far-right conspiracy theory espoused by French author Renaud Camus. The original theory states that,with the complicity or cooperation of "replacist" elites,the ethnic French and white European populations at large are being demographically and culturally replaced by non-white peoples—especially from Muslim-majority countries—through mass migration,demographic growth and a drop in the birth rate of white Europeans. Since then,similar claims have been advanced in other national contexts,notably in the United States. Mainstream scholars have dismissed these claims of a conspiracy of "replacist" elites as rooted in a misunderstanding of demographic statistics and premised upon an unscientific,racist worldview. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica,the Great Replacement "has been widely ridiculed for its blatant absurdity."
Jordan Bardella is a French politician who has been the president of the National Rally (RN) since 2022,previously serving as acting president from September 2021 to November 2022 and as vice-president from 2019 to 2022. Bardella has also served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019,when he was the lead candidate for the RN in the European Parliament election,and has been a regional councillor of Île-de-France since 2015.
Stéphane François is a French political scientist who specializes on radical right-wing movements. He also studies conspiracy theories,political ecology and countercultures.
Nicolas Lebourg is a French historian who specializes on far-right movements in Europe.
TV Libertés,or TVL,is a French far-right Web TV launched in January 2014. The group is led by Philippe Milliau and Martial Bild,a former Front National leader. TV Libertés is recognized by observers for its professionalism when compared to other French far-right channels,and it seeks to compete with mainstream cable TV. Alain de Benoist and Gilbert Collard,among others,have hosted talk shows on the channel.
Gaëtan Dussausaye is a French politician.
Élisabeth Lévy is a French journalist,polemicist,essayist and editor in chief of Causeur.
Jean-Pierre Gorges (born on 3 August 1953 in Gonesse,is a French politician. He has been mayor of Chartres and president of the Chartres Métropole agglomeration community since 2001. He was deputy for the first constituency of Eure-et-Loir from 2002 to 2017.
François-Bernard Huyghe was a French essayist and political scientist. He served as director of research at the Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques (IRIS) and was president of the Observatoire stratégique de l'information.
Sovereignty,Identity and Freedoms is a French political party led by Karim Ouchikh. Originally described as right-wing sovereigntist,it later moved towards Identitarianism. The party had 2,000 members in 2016.
