Related Research Articles
Valmet Oyj is a Finnish company and a developer and supplier of technologies, automation systems and services for the pulp, paper and energy industries.
Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibers from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. Mixed with water and other chemical or plant-based additives, pulp is the major raw material used in papermaking and the industrial production of other paper products.
Domtar Corporation is the largest integrated producer of uncoated free-sheet paper in North America and the second largest in the world based on production capacity, and is also a manufacturer of papergrade pulp.
Chittagong, officially Chattogram also known as the Port City of Bangladesh is a major coastal city and financial centre in southeastern Bangladesh. The city had a population of more than 8.6 million in 2017, making it the second-largest city in the country. It is the capital and administrative seat of an eponymous District and Division. The city is located on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. Modern Chittagong is Bangladesh's second most significant urban center after Dhaka.
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment. Most industrial processes, such as petroleum refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants have onsite facilities to treat their wastewaters so that the pollutant concentrations in the treated wastewater comply with the regulations regarding disposal of wastewaters into sewers or into rivers, lakes or oceans. Industrial wastewater treatment plants are required where municipal sewage treatment plants are unavailable, do not have sufficient capacity or cannot adequately treat specific industrial wastewaters.
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) are pollution control standards issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The term is used in the Clean Air Act Extension of 1970 (CAA) to refer to air pollution emission standards, and in the Clean Water Act (CWA) referring to standards for water pollution discharges of industrial wastewater to surface waters.
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber source into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods. The finished product may be either bleached or non-bleached, depending on the customer requirements.
Chandraghona is a town on the Karnaphuli River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.
Boat Harbour is a body of water on the Northumberland Strait in Pictou County, Nova Scotia. Originally a tidal estuary, construction of a pulp and paper waste effluent treatment facility in the 1960s led to the pollution of the harbour and the source of ongoing environmental concern. Treated water takes about 30 days to reach the Northumberland Strait. Since the treatment system began operation in 1967, Boat Harbour has become polluted with dioxins, furans, chloride, mercury and other toxic heavy metals. It is considered to be one of Nova Scotia's worst cases of environmental racism. In 2015, the Boat Harbour Act wrote into law that the pulp and paper mill cease effluent treatment no later than January 31, 2020; soon after this took effect, the mill closed indefinitely. The Boat Harbour Remediation Project aims to return Boat Harbour to its original state as a tidal estuary. Pilot scale testing has been completed and the project is undergoing a federal environmental assessment and cleanup is expected to begin in 2021.
The environmental impact of paper is significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels. With the use of modern technology such as the printing press and the highly mechanized harvesting of wood, disposable paper became a relatively cheap commodity, which led to a high level of consumption and waste. The rise in global environmental issues such as air and water pollution, climate change, overflowing landfills and clearcutting have all lead to increased government regulations. There is now a trend towards sustainability in the pulp and paper industry as it moves to reduce clear cutting, water use, greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel consumption and clean up its impacts on local water supplies and air pollution.
Adamjee Group of Companies is a conglomerate company based primarily in Karachi, Pakistan. The group was headed by Sir Adamjee Haji Dawood.
Dawood Hercules Corporation Limited is a publicly listed investment and holding company headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan.
Seth Ahmed Dawood was a Pakistani industrialist, pioneer merchant and a philanthropist. He set up the platform for the establishment of diverse businesses of the Dawood family, often referred to as the Dawood Group, and founded the Dawood Foundation, which established the Dawood Engineering College, named after him.
Sena Kalyan Sangstha is a trust owned and operated by Bangladesh Army. It owns a number of businesses including travel agency, electronics and cement factory and ice cream.
Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC) is a government owned corporation in Bangladesh.
Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited is a urea fertilizer company in Chittagong and is owned by the state owned Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation.
Karnafuli Fertiliser Company or KAFCO is a joint venture multinational company in located in Chittagong, Bangladesh that produces urea fertiliser from Natural Gas. It is located in Anwara upazila of Chittagong district by the side of the Karnafuli river occupying an area of 100.03 acres. Its shareholders include Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC), and private sectors of Japan, Denmark and Netherlands. It is an export oriented factory and one of two major fertilizer factories in Bangladesh.
Triple Super Phosphate Complex Limited or TSP Complex Limited is a government owned fertilizer company in Bangladesh. It is under supervision of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation (BCIC). It primarily produces phosphate fertilizers. The factory complex consists of 2 units of TSP fertilizer producing facility with installed capacity of 1,52,000 MT.
Abul Khair Group is a Bangladeshi diversified conglomerate based in Dhaka. Abul Kashem is the Chairperson and Abul Hashem is the Managing Director of Abul Khair Group. Abu Syed Chowdhury is the Deputy Managing Director and Shah Shafiqul Islam is the group director. All four are sons of Abul Khair.
References
- ↑ "Karnafuli Paper Mills". Banglapedia. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
- ↑ "One mill killing Karnaphuli". 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
- ↑ "Most Chittagong industrial units do not have ETPs". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
- ↑ Burling, Ingeborg, ed. (1956). Vem är det: svensk biografisk handbok. 1957 [Who is it: Swedish biographical handbook. 1957] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. p. 500.