Katja Hoyer | |
|---|---|
 Katja Hoyer (2024) | |
| Born | 1985 Guben, Germany |
| Occupation(s) | Historian, journalist, writer |
| Known for | Work on East Germany |
| Academic background | |
| Education | MA |
| Alma mater | University of Jena |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | King's College London |
Katja Hoyer (born 1985) [1] is a German-British [2] historian,journalist and writer. [3] [4]
Hoyer was born in Guben,East Germany, [5] where her mother was a teacher and her father an East German military officer. [6] She received a Master's degree from the University of Jena [3] and moved to the United Kingdom in about 2010. [7]
Hoyer is a visiting research fellow at King's College London and has published two books about the history of Germany. She is also a journalist for The Spectator , The Washington Post, and Die Welt . [3] Her first book,Blood and Iron,about the German Empire from 1871 to 1918,was well reviewed, [8] [9] even though some reviewers suggested that she had played down the negative aspects of the period and of Otto von Bismarck's legacy. [10] [11] Her second book, Beyond the Wall ,about the history of East Germany from 1949 to 1990,was well reviewed in the United Kingdom, [1] [12] [13] [14] [15] but less well received in Germany. [6]
Hoyer is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. [3]
The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary,which was created by treaty on October 7,1879,as part of Germany's Otto von Bismarck's system of alliances to prevent or limit war. The two powers promised each other support in case of attack by Russia. Also,each state promised benevolent neutrality to the other if one of them was attacked by another European power. Bismarck saw the alliance as a way to prevent the isolation of the German Empire,which had just been founded a few years before,and to preserve peace,as Russia would not wage war against both empires.
The German Empire,also referred to as Imperial Germany,the Second Reich or simply Germany,was the period of the German Reich from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the November Revolution in 1918,when the German Reich changed its form of government from a monarchy to a republic.
Otto,Prince of Bismarck,Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen,Duke of Lauenburg was a Prussian and later German statesman and diplomat. Bismarck's Realpolitik and powerful rule led to him being called the Iron Chancellor.
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent. As a largely ambiguous term,it has a wide range of geopolitical,geographical,ethnic,cultural,and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountains,whilst its western boundary is defined in various ways. Most definitions include the countries of Belarus,Russia,Ukraine,Moldova and Romania while less restrictive definitions may also include some or all of the Balkans,the Baltic states,the Caucasus and the Visegrád group.
The Austro-Prussian War,also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War,German Civil War,Brothers War or Fraternal War,known in Germany as Deutscher Krieg,Deutscher Bruderkrieg and by a variety of other names,was fought in 1866 between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia,with each also being aided by various allies within the German Confederation. Prussia had also allied with the Kingdom of Italy,linking this conflict to the Third Independence War of Italian unification. The Austro-Prussian War was part of the wider rivalry between Austria and Prussia,and resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states.
German Reich was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 18 January 1871 to 5 June 1945. The Reich became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk,with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary German "state territory" with variable boundaries and extent. Although commonly translated as "German Empire",the word Reich here better translates as "realm" or territorial "reach",in that the term does not in itself have monarchical connotations.
Prussia was a German state located on most of the North European Plain,also occupying southern and eastern regions. It formed the German Empire when it united the German states in 1871. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and de jure by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries,the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia,expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia,with its capital at Königsberg and then,when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701,Berlin,decisively shaped the history of Germany.
The National Liberal Party was a liberal party of the North German Confederation and the German Empire which flourished between 1867 and 1918.
The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany. It commenced on 18 August 1866 with adoption of the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the North German Confederation,initially a military alliance de facto dominated by Prussia which was subsequently deepened through adoption of the North German Constitution.
Blood and Iron may refer to:
John Kampfner is a British author,broadcaster and commentator. His seventh book,In Search of Berlin,The Story of a Reinvented City,was published in October 2023.
Grangetown is an area in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland,North Yorkshire,England. The area is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Middlesbrough and 4 miles (6.4 km) from south-west of Redcar.
During the Cold War,the Iron Curtain was a political metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West,its allies and neutral states. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union,while on the west side were the countries that were NATO members,or connected to or influenced by the United States;or nominally neutral. Separate international economic and military alliances were developed on each side of the Iron Curtain. It later became a term for the 7,000-kilometre-long (4,300 mi) physical barrier of fences,walls,minefields,and watchtowers that divided the "east" and "west". The Berlin Wall was also part of this physical barrier.
This article covers worldwide diplomacy and,more generally,the international relations of the great powers from 1814 to 1919. This era covers the period from the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815),to the end of the First World War and the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920).
Karina Urbach is a German historian with a special interest in the Nazi period (1933–45). She has written several books on 19th and 20th century European political and cultural history.
The Flag of the German Empire,or Imperial Flag,Realm Flag,is a combination between the flag of Prussia and the flag of the Hanseatic League. Starting as the national flag of the North German Confederation,it would go on to be commonly used officially and unofficially under the nation-state of the German Reich,which existed from 1871 to 1945.
This is a list of personnel numbers in the Royal Air Force,from its inception in 1918,up until the modern day. Royal Air Force staffing numbers have fluctuated with periodic demand,however,since the end of the Second World War,numbers have decreased steadily and the RAF itself has shrunk in terms of operating bases. Several schemes have been implemented during times of excess staffing to reduce numbers.
Paulina Bren is an American writer and historian. She teaches at Vassar College as the Adjunct Professor of Multidisciplinary Studies on the Pittsburgh Endowment Chair in the Humanities. Her earlier work focused on postwar Europe,particularly the history of everyday life behind the Iron Curtain. She now writes narrative nonfiction with a focus on women’s history.
Beyond the Wall:East Germany,1949–1990 is a 2023 history book about East Germany written by German historian Katja Hoyer. Hoyer was born in what was then East Germany in 1985,but had lived in the UK for several years prior to the book's release.
Empire is a British podcast launched on 15 August 2022. It is hosted by Anita Anand and William Dalrymple. The series is produced by Goalhanger Podcasts.
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