Keep Growing Detroit

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Keep Growing Detroit is an organization dedicated to food sovereignty and community engagement in the cities of Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park. [1] Founded in 2013, the program designs and implements initiatives that promote the practice of urban agriculture as a mode of food justice for underrepresented communities, particularly those who do not have access to healthy food options. [2] The goals of Keep Growing Detroit are to educate and empower community members using urban agricultural practices. Programs such as the Garden Resource Program and Grown in Detroit served as catalysts, laying the foundation for Keep Growing Detroit.

Contents

Keep Growing Detroit has over 70 seasonal, high tunnel gardens, and operates out of a central farm located in the Eastern Market District. At the central farm, transplants and seeds are grown and distributed to gardeners in their network, and workshops are hosted for any interested community members. Keep Growing Detroit is responsible for providing these essential garden resources to over 1,550 gardens. The organization aims to combat the prevalent issue of food insecurity that exists within Detroit. By emphasizing community engagement, leadership opportunities, and agricultural education, Keep Growing Detroit enables participants to establish agency over the way they obtain their food.

History

Pretext for founding

In the 20th century, Detroit was considered an example for technological advancement thanks to the automobile industry. However, due to economic decline, the city is no longer a standard for modernization and is currently an example of urban decay. [3] Detroit's decline is well documented: the city entered a recession prior to the U.S. financial crisis of 2008, posting deficits of up to $150 million annually starting in 2005. [4] This debt has resulted in increased crime and poverty rates, and a rapidly decreasing population due to white flight. [5] Detroit is still in crisis today.

Detroit has also been the birthplace of many cultural movements such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement. People of color in Detroit experience low access to food and health care, and low access to employment and education. [6] Pertaining solely to food, communities of people of color that live in food deserts are vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. A lack of health care increases these risks. [6] There are many organizations and initiatives that aim to address these issues by working towards a food sovereign Detroit.

Urban Agriculture

Detroit's urban agriculture initiatives are well established compared to others in the United States. [3] Because of the need for reliable and healthy food sources, Detroit shows potential for the expansion of urban agriculture from a neighborhood level to a city level. [7]

Many urban gardens increase segregation by displacing people of color; however, the urban agriculture initiative in Detroit is unique because many of the urban farms are headed by people of color. Keep Growing Detroit is directly involved by promoting agricultural education and increasing access to agricultural resources to communities of color. [8]

Food Sovereignty in Detroit

Detroit has been listed under the Food Access Research Atlas (FARA) as a low income and low food access region. [9] Detroit is considered a food desert because of the lack of access to fresh produce and grocery stores, with many residents relying on fast food chains, liquor stores, and corner stores to feed themselves and their families. [10] Grocery stores began closing in the 1980s, and Farmer Jack was the last chain grocery store to close in 2007. [10] Some argue that Detroit's food desert status is no longer an issue; however, Keep Growing Detroit aims to directly address remaining issues of food insecurity. [11] [12]

Founding

Keep Growing Detroit was founded in 2013 to organize, maintain, and support already existing food programs-the Garden Resource Program and Grown in Detroit, and to ultimately reach more urban farmers. Ashley Atkinson, the co-Director of Keep Growing Detroit, stated in an interview from 2015, “I see [the programs] growing tenfold in order to accommodate hundreds more gardens and residents participating. We really must not slow down in pursuit of our mission of a food sovereign City of Detroit.”. [13]

Structure

Keep Growing Detroit was co-founded by Ashley Atkinson in 2013. [14] The organization is divided into subsets with their own distinct initiatives. The base of Keep Growing Detroit is located on 1850 Erskine. The Garden Resource Program is a KGD initiative that provides resources to local residents for creating and maintaining gardens, even assisting in growing plant cuttings for transplantation. The transplants are given to residents to use for their gardens. Other programs sponsored by Keep Growing Detroit include: Grown in Detroit, Produce for Pantries, Education Series, Urban Roots, Sweet on Detroit, Detroit Farm Train, Youth Programs, and Early Childhood Programs. [15] Grown in Detroit, which has a CSA and a food stand in the Eastern Market farmers market, aims to connect residents with locally grown produce, that is grown without the use of GmOs or pesticides.

Funding

Grants

The Health Fund is one of several organizations that supplies grants to Keep Growing Detroit in support of its initiatives and actions towards community building and food sovereignty. [16] Additional supporters are the Mahindra North American Technical Center, Wayne State University, and USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services. [17] [18] [19]

Community Food Project

KGD receives funding as a Community Food Project (CFP). The Community Food Projects are funded federally through the U.S. Community Food Security Act of 1996. According to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) CFP's aim to:

“Meet the food needs of low-income individuals through food distribution, community outreach to assist in participation in Federally assisted nutrition programs, or improving access to food as part of a comprehensive service; Increase the self-reliance of communities in providing for the food needs of the communities; Promote comprehensive responses to local food access, farm, and nutrition issues; and Meet specific state, local or neighborhood food and agricultural needs…”. [20]

KGD provides agricultural resources for new gardeners and farmers, and opportunities for financial growth through selling produce at various farmers markets. [2]

Donations

KGD takes monetary and material donations, and they also sell merchandise. This supplemental funding allows supporters and community members are to contribute financially. [21]

Membership

As a member of Keep Growing Detroit one gains access to a large variety of seeds and transplanted plants. “Under the program, families pay a $10 annual fee to receive 26 seed packets, 124 vegetable transplants, and discounts on educational programs. School gardens receive the same resources for $20 per year. Community and market gardens pay $20 per year to receive 78 seed packets and 364 transplants. [22] The transplants are grown and distributed by volunteers at two locations in the city. Participants who volunteer a minimum of 2 hours of their time receive additional benefits such as compost, access to garden tools and soil testing.” Members of Keep growing Detroit gain access to the Garden resource program plant varieties official document. This document outlines all the available plants a member is able to purchase from the organization as seeds or transplants. A table in the document outlines the basics of what the grower would be given to plant through certain packages that pertain to specific membership criteria. Every plant is labeled “F=family garden, S=school garden, C=community garden, M=market garden” these different labels present how much of any plant each type of garden is permitted. Additionally, there are four sections of seeds/transplants; Spring seeds, Hot crop transplants and seeds, cold crop transplants and fall crop transplants and seeds. Within these sections, The Keep growing Detroit 2018 Garden Resource Program Plant varieties document has a wide variety of plant options for each season. This is an important document for KDG members for it is what they are interacting with to obtain the plant materials they desire. [23]

Agricultural initiatives

There are four prominent urban agriculture initiatives that have occurred within Detroit. These are the Greening of Detroit, Earthworks, Detroit Black Community Food Security Network and Michigan Urban Farming Initiative. Keep Growing Detroit is mentioned as a collaborator with two of these prominent urban agriculture organizations: Earthworks and Detroit Black Community Food Security Network. Keep Growing Detroit collaborates with Earthworks by using them as a contracted grower to grow transplants that Keep Growing Detroit then distributes to thousands of their community garden members. Along with this, Earthworks organizes youth and adult programs five times a week in which they educate attendees on environmental awareness, growing food, healthy nutrition, and cooking/food preparation. The adult program goes a step further and teaches people farming skills they can apply to their own urban agriculture project. This education plays an important role in Earthworks relationship to Keep Growing Detroit. Their goal is the education obtained through this partner program will foster future KGD members. [3] This will be useful to Earthworks who is the contracted grower for Keep growing Detroit, to maintain this relationship. Additionally, Keep Growing Detroit works with Detroit Black Community Food Security Network to organize workshops, community training activities, and the moving of produce. The Detroit Black Community Food Security Network was responsible for developing a food security policy for Detroit in 2006. In an attempt to move toward food sovereignty in Detroit. By 2008 the city council passed a resolution on the development of Detroit Food Policy Council. The foundation that was laid within this council acted as a platform from which Keep Growing Detroit could develop their mission toward urban agriculture.

Community outreach initiatives

Since its founding, Keep Growing Detroit has operated several programs that work towards providing Detroit community members with access to sustainable agricultural practices and resources. Serving the primarily black food justice network, the programs work together to support black Detroit community gardeners, in hopes of reestablishing equity within the food system. [6]

Garden Resource Program

The Garden Resource Program has supported most of the gardens in Detroit, providing necessary tools and education practices for those wishing to benefit from the urban gardens. The program directly provides residents, particularly communities of color, with specific gardening workshops and necessary resources. [13] The program was launched in 2003 by Ashley Atkinson, co-director of Keep Growing Detroit. [14] The program provides means for community members to examine the history of their gardening practices, incorporating their own levels of personal resilience through their work. [13]

Grown in Detroit

Grown in Detroit culminates the food, herbs, and other garden resources that originate from urban gardeners from Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park. [24] The initiative provides food to several restaurants around the city, and provides workshops for residents interested in becoming Grown in Detroit gardeners. [24]

Produce For Pantries

Produce for Pantries is one of the subsets of KGD created to address the food desert crisis in Detroit. It is donation based. The donations are then given to pantries in need. [25]

Educational Programs

Keep Growing Detroit offers a multitude of educational programs and workshops for all ages. The programs educate locals on the basics of garden maintenance, production, as well as leadership skills to promote the growth of urban gardening practices. [26] The educational programs for KGD are supported by the Michigan Health Endowment Fund, an organization that values the attention towards student apprentices involved in KGD [27] The student apprenticeships aim to provide community instruction and leadership opportunities to youth and young adults in the Detroit area. The educational components of Keep Growing Detroit focus on the ideals and properties of food sovereignty within the city. The programs educate Detroit residents in order to promote practices of self-determination, celebrating urban agriculture as a necessary skill as well as a way of creating community. [2]

Sweet on Detroit Bee-ginner Beekeeping Program

Established in 2007, this program specializes in teaching the art of beekeeping for those maintaining community gardens within the city. [26] The program is taught in a 6-part series, educating potential beekeepers in general bee biology and proper control and maintenance of their hives.

Urban Garden Education Series

KGD offers classes to community members in the area, focusing on educating locals in the basics of gardening and maintaining produce. The classes are advertised online on their website, updated with each season. [28]

Each class is designed to educate members of all ages and levels of experience. The programs cover a broad range of topics, including preservation of gardens, plant growth, and ways to sustainably harvest and eat the products. [28]

Youth Programs

KGD offers a paid, 8-week summer work experience, aimed to provide apprenticeship experience to youth ages 14–18 in Detroit. [29] Following their apprenticeship experience, KGD offers the Academic Year Youth Leadership Development Program, which assists students as they move onto adult leadership roles. [29] KGD also offers early childhood programs for children from birth to five years old. [30] The programs incorporate interaction and play amongst families and neighbors in Detroit, in efforts to start building healthy habits from a young age.

Leadership Initiatives

KGD provides several initiatives aimed to provide access to healthy diets as well as to encourage communal leadership and decision making skills amongst Detroit residents. [31] Supported by co-founder Ashley Atkinson, leadership workshops are led throughout the organization in order to organize the community in response to the politics of food sovereignty in Detroit. [31] The leadership within KGD connects with other groups in Detroit combatting food sovereignty, in the overall push towards expansion of community gardening within the city. [7]

The Urban Roots Community Garden Leader Training Program is a specific 9-week program geared towards training leaders around Detroit in areas such as horticulture and community organization. [26] The program educates students in horticulture methodology, and prepares graduates to continue on into further leadership roles in their neighborhoods. [26] This program joins the city-wide movement towards food security. A network of urban gardening organizations is educating more residents in areas of leadership in order to increase the growing accumulation and success of produce amongst the vacant lots of Detroit. [32]

Political involvement

Keep Growing Detroit strives to use urban agriculture in parts as a tool to improve food sovereignty, economic opportunities, and the quality of life in Detroit. The best way to achieve this mission is through political engagement and community involvement.

Land Security

The urban agriculture movement taking place in Detroit is heavily influenced by the availability of land in the surrounding area. Access to land is one of the few requirements that can hold citizens back from beginning their journey to food sovereignty. Many Detroit residents took to starting their own gardens in neighboring vacant lots. Gardening in this manner does not provide any long term security for the garden itself, and it could be disrupted by the legal land owners. Keep Growing Detroit is a community leader in helping residents to secure land for their agricultural endeavors. [33] They provide people with the necessary information and methods to go about securing their own land. Keep Growing Detroit's approach to land security is flexible with various options for a variety of different level enthusiasts. They highlight 4 different ways to go about acquiring land, including oral licensing, written licensing, leasing, and purchasing. [34]

Detroit Food Policy Council

Starting with its inauguration in 2009 by the Detroit City Council, the Detroit Food Policy Council has worked closely with Keep Growing Detroit. The council is involved in monitoring, advising, and implementing decisions concerning food policy in Detroit. These actions include reviewing and updating food security policies, participating in the development of urban agriculture and land security policies, and publishing the Detroit food system report. [35]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allotment (gardening)</span> Plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening

An allotment, or in North America, a community garden, is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants, so forming a kitchen garden away from the residence of the user. Such plots are formed by subdividing a piece of land into a few or up to several hundred parcels that are assigned to individuals or families. Such parcels are cultivated individually, contrary to other community garden types where the entire area is tended collectively by a group of people. In countries that do not use the term "allotment (garden)", a "community garden" may refer to individual small garden plots as well as to a single, large piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people. The term "victory garden" is also still sometimes used, especially when a community garden dates back to the First or Second World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urban agriculture</span> Practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in or around urban areas

Urban agriculture,urban farming, or urban gardening is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. It encompasses a complex and diverse mix of food production activities, including fisheries and forestry, in many cities in both developed and developing countries. Urban agriculture is also the term used for animal husbandry, aquaculture, urban beekeeping, and horticulture. These activities occur in peri-urban areas as well. Peri-urban agriculture may have different characteristics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victory garden</span> Private food supply gardens in the World Wars

Victory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II. In wartime, governments encouraged people to plant victory gardens not only to supplement their rations but also to boost morale. They were used along with rationing stamps and cards to reduce pressure on the food supply. Besides indirectly aiding the war effort, these gardens were also considered a civil "morale booster" in that gardeners could feel empowered by their contribution of labor and rewarded by the produce grown. This made victory gardens a part of daily life on the home front.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Market garden</span> Small consumer-oriented agriculture

A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. The diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically from under 0.40 hectares to some hectares, or sometimes in greenhouses, distinguishes it from other types of farming. A market garden is sometimes called a truck farm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seed saving</span> Practice of saving plant reproductive material

In agriculture and gardening, seed saving is the practice of saving seeds or other reproductive material from vegetables, grain, herbs, and flowers for use from year to year for annuals and nuts, tree fruits, and berries for perennials and trees. This is the traditional way farms and gardens were maintained for the last 12,000 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Community gardening</span> Type of horticulture and food production

A community garden is a piece of land gardened or cultivated by a group of people individually or collectively. Normally in community gardens, the land is divided into individual plots. Each individual gardener is responsible for their own plot and the yielding or the production of which belongs to the individual. In collective gardens the piece of land is not divided. A group of people cultivate it together and the harvest belongs to all participants. Around the world, community gardens exist in various forms, it can be located in the proximity of neighborhoods or on balconies and rooftops. Its size can vary greatly from one to another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organopónicos</span> Cuban urban agriculture system

Organopónicos or organoponics is a system of urban agriculture using organic gardens. It originated in Cuba and is still mostly focused there. It often consists of low-level concrete walls filled with organic matter and soil, with lines of drip irrigation laid on the surface of the growing media. Organopónicos is a labour-intensive form of local agriculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urban horticulture</span> Science of growing plants in urban environments

Urban horticulture is the science and study of the growing plants in an urban environment. It focuses on the functional use of horticulture so as to maintain and improve the surrounding urban area. Urban horticulture has seen an increase in attention with the global trend of urbanization and works to study the harvest, aesthetic, architectural, recreational and psychological purposes and effects of plants in urban environments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Food desert</span> Area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food

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Denver Urban Gardens (DUG) is a non-profit organization that supports community gardens in Denver, Colorado in the United States.

The Rooftop Garden Project is an experimental urban gardening project in Montreal, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Community gardening in the United States</span> Overview of the type of horticulture in the North American country

Community gardens in the United States benefit both gardeners and society at large. Community gardens provide fresh produce to gardeners and their friends and neighbors. They provide a place of connection to nature and to other people. In a wider sense, community gardens provide green space, a habitat for insects and animals, sites for gardening education, and beautification of the local area. Community gardens provide access to land to those who otherwise could not have a garden, such as apartment-dwellers, the elderly, and the homeless. Many gardens resemble European allotment gardens, with plots or boxes where individuals and families can grow vegetables and flowers, including a number which began as victory gardens during World War II. Other gardens are worked as community farms with no individual plots at all, similar to urban farms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Greening of Detroit</span> U.S. nonprofit organization

The Greening of Detroit is an urban forestry program and non-profit partner in The Detroit Partnership; it was founded in 1989. In addition to planting trees in the Detroit area, the organization engages in urban forestry education, job training, and other community programs. In 2011, Greening planted 12,156 trees in Detroit, and as of November 2017 has planted over 100,000 trees in the city since the organization's inception. The organization is involved in urban farming, working to maintain and improve urban farms in Detroit. Greening is also working to improve air quality. Its annual operating budget is approximately $3.8 million. Lionel Bradford is the president of The Greening of Detroit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foodscaping</span>

Foodscaping is a modern term for the practice of integrating edible plants into ornamental landscapes. It is also referred to as edible landscaping and has been described as a crossbreed between landscaping and farming. As an ideology, foodscaping aims to show that edible plants are not only consumable but can also be appreciated for their aesthetic qualities. Foodscaping spaces are seen as multi-functional landscapes which are visually attractive and also provide edible returns. Foodscaping is a great way to provide fresh food in an affordable way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urban agriculture in West Oakland</span>

Urban agriculture in West Oakland involves the implementation of Urban agriculture in Oakland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Community orchard</span>

A community orchard is a collection of fruit trees shared by communities and growing in publicly accessible areas such as public greenspaces, parks, schools, churchyards, allotments or, in the US, abandoned lots. Such orchards are a shared resource and not managed for personal or business profit. Income may be generated to sustain the orchard as a charity, community interest company, or other non-profit structure. What they have in common is that they are cared for by a community of people.

Gateway Greening is non-profit organization based in St. Louis, Missouri that works to educate and empower the community through gardening and urban agriculture. The organization operates demonstration and community resource gardens and an urban farm, hosts lectures and education programs, and supports school and community gardens throughout the City and St Louis County, Missouri.

The Food Justice Movement is a grassroots initiative which emerged in response to food insecurity and economic pressures that prevent access to healthy, nutritious, and culturally appropriate foods. It includes more broad policy movements, such as the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.

The Detroit Black Community Food Security Network (DBCFSN) is an urban, community-oriented, predominantly black, grassroots food justice group. The organization was initiated by a communal desire to start an organic garden collective, and has grown from its founding in 2006 with over 50 Detroit residents as members. In an effort to combat food insecurity and increase food sovereignty, DBCFSN established a community accessible food farm in 2008, known as D-Town Farm, which grows over 30 types of fruits and vegetables on seven acres of land.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 Pothukuchi, Kameshwari (December 2015). "Five Decades of Community Food Planning in Detroit: City and Grassroots, Growth and Equity". Journal of Planning Education and Research. 35 (4): 419–434. doi:10.1177/0739456x15586630. S2CID   142339846.
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  5. ↑ Davey, M. (2013, March 11). For Detroit, a financial crisis was long coming. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/12/us/for-detroit-a-financial-crisis-was-long-coming.html
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  11. ↑ Rupersburg, Nicole. (2017). The Long and Successful Journey to Erase Detroit’s Food Desert Narrative. https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/erasing-detroits-food-desert-narrative
  12. ↑ Jordan, Jerilyn. Detroit Metro Times. New Report reveals 30,000 Detroiters do not have access to healthy food
  13. 1 2 3 Keep Growing Detroit. (2015 June). DFC: A Field Guide Working with Lots, Retrieved December 2018, from dfc-lots.com/local-examples/keep-growing-detroit.
  14. 1 2 (2018). “Our Staff.” Keep Growing Detroit http://detroitagriculture.net/about/our-staff/
  15. ↑ (2018)."Our Work". Keep Growing Detroit. http://detroitagriculture.net/our-work/
  16. ↑ Keep Growing Detroit Cultivates More Than Fresh Food. (2016, September 16). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from http://www.mihealthfund.org/keep-growing-detroit-cultivates-fresh-food/
  17. ↑ Detroit urban agriculture gets Mahindra grants. (2016, October 19). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://www.michfb.com/MI/Farm_News/Content/People/Detroit_urban_agriculture_gets_Mahindra_grants/
  18. ↑ Community Mini-Grants. (n.d.). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://cures.wayne.edu/outreach/-minigrants
  19. ↑ Detroit Urban Agriculture and Local Food Programs Receive Support. (2014, February 14). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://www.stabenow.senate.gov/news/Detroit-urban-agriculture-and-local-food-programs-receive-support
  20. ↑ Community Food Projects (CFP) Competitive Grants Program. (2017). Retrieved November 18, 2018, from https://nifa.usda.gov/funding-opportunity/community-food-projects-cfp-competitive-grants-program
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  22. ↑ Urban Ag Organization Hopes to Get All Residents on Board to Keep Growing Detroit. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://seedstock.com/2013/05/08/urban-agriculture-organizations-hopes-to-get-all-residents-onboard-to-keep-growing-detroit/
  23. ↑ seasonal plants retrieved from http://detroitagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2018_KGD_Plan-Your-Garden_GRP-seeds-and-plants.pdf/
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  25. ↑ DETROIT- Produce For Pantries. (n.d.). Retrieved December 8, 2018, from http://detroitagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2018-PRODUCE-FOR-PANTRIES-5.pdf
  26. 1 2 3 4 (2018) “Education Programs.” Keep Growing Detroit. http://detroitagriculture.net/urban-garden-programs/
  27. ↑ Keep Growing Detroit Cultivates More Than Fresh Food. (2018, April 02). Michigan Health Fund, Retrieved October, 2018, from http://www.mihealthfund.org/keep-growing-detroit-cultivates-fresh-food/.
  28. 1 2 (2018). “Education Series.” Keep Growing Detroit.`http://detroitagriculture.net/our-work/adult-education-programs/
  29. 1 2 (2018). “Youth Programs.” Keep Growing Detroit. http://detroitagriculture.net/our-work/youth-programs/
  30. ↑ (2018). “Early Childhood Programs.” Keep Growing Detroit. http://detroitagriculture.net/our-work/early-childhood-programs/
  31. 1 2 Carmody, Dan. “A growing city: Detroit’s Rich Tradition of Urban Gardens Plays an Important Role in the City’s Resurgence” . March 19, 2018. UrbanLand. https://urbanland.uli.org/industry-sectors/public-spaces/growing-city-detroits-rich-tradition-urban-gardens-plays-important-role-citys-resurgence/
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  33. ↑ Guzman, M. (30 March 2016). Black farmers in Detroit are growing their own food. But they're having trouble owning the land. Retrieved December 2018, from pri.org website: https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-03-30/black-farmers-detroit-are-growing-their-own-food-theyre-having-trouble-owning
  34. ↑ Keep Growing Detroit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2018, from detroitagriculture.net website: http://detroitagriculture.net/wp-content/uploads/2016_KGD_Land-Security-Resource-Guide_final.pdf
  35. ↑ Detroit food policy council. (2016). Retrieved December 2018, from DetroitFoodPolicyCouncil.net website: http://detroitfoodpolicycouncil.net/committees/research-and-policy
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