Juster's career has spanned over 40 years in government,law,business,finance,and international affairs. In the U.S. Government,in addition to being Ambassador to India,he has served as deputy assistant to the president for international economic affairs,at both the National Security Council and the National Economic Council;Under Secretary of Commerce;counselor (acting) of the Department of State;and deputy and senior advisor to Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger. In the private sector,he has previously been a partner at the global investment firm Warburg Pincus,a senior executive at Salesforce,and a senior partner at the law firm Arnold &Porter. Juster has also served as the chairman of the advisory committee of Harvard's Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (where he is now a member of the Committee),chairman of Freedom House,and vice chairman of the Asia Foundation. He is currently on the board of directors of the American Ditchley Foundation,the board of governors of the East-West Center,and the advisory council of the Bhutan Foundation. He is also a member of the Trilateral Commission,the Council on Foreign Relations,the American Academy of Diplomacy,[4] and the Council of American Ambassadors.[5]
Early life and education
Juster was born in New York City. His father,Howard H. Juster,was an architect. His mother,Muriel (Uchitelle) Juster,was a high school social studies teacher. He has an older brother,Andrew A. Juster,who was the CFO at the Simon Property Group His uncle,Norton Juster,was an architect and author,who wrote The Phantom Tollbooth and The Dot and the Line,among other books.
Juster grew up in Scarsdale,New York. He attended Greenacres Elementary School,where he was named a Distinguished Alumnus in 2010. While at Scarsdale Junior High School,Juster,Peter Hillman and another friend interviewed Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones in 1966 for the school newspaper.[6] Juster graduated from Scarsdale High School in 1972,where he was the president of the Honor Society,an AFS exchange student in Thailand (1971),and a member of the varsity basketball team. Juster was named a Distinguished Alumnus of Scarsdale High School in 2007.
Juster graduated from Harvard College,Phi Beta Kappa,in 1976,with a Bachelor of Arts in Government (magna cum laude). While at Harvard,he was the research assistant to Professor Samuel P. Huntington,the general manager of Harvard Political Review,and an undergraduate associate of Harvard's Center for International Affairs (CFIA). Juster received a grant from the CFIA in 1975 to conduct research in Japan for his senior thesis,"How Process Affects Substance:Japanese Foreign Policy Making During the Oil Crisis of 1972–1973," under Professors Edwin O. Reischauer and Robert L. Paarlberg. The Japan Interpreter published an abbreviated version of the thesis,entitled “Foreign Policy-Making During the Oil Crisis,”in its Winter 1977 edition.[7] Juster completed a four-year joint degree program in 1980 at the Harvard Law School,graduating with a Juris Doctor (cum laude),and at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,graduating with a Master of Public Policy.
Career
Early career
Juster first worked in the U.S. government in 1978 as an intern at the National Security Council under one of his mentors,Samuel P. Huntington,who was the White House Coordinator of Security Planning. In that position,Juster contributed to Presidential Review Memorandum/NSC-10 on the Comprehensive Net Assessment and Military Posture Review. Upon graduation from the Harvard Law School,Juster served as a law clerk from 1980 to 1981 to Judge James L. Oakes of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
From 1981 to 1989 and 1993 to 2001,Juster practiced law at Arnold &Porter,[8] where he became a senior partner. His work involved international arbitration and litigation,corporate counseling,regulatory matters,and international trade and transactions. Among his noteworthy cases was his representation of the government of Panama-in-exile against the Noriega regime in 1988 and 1989. In that matter,he coordinated a legal strategy that secured the overseas assets of the Government of Panama and helped institute U.S. sanctions against the Noriega regime,which was ousted from office. The President of Panama subsequently awarded Juster the Vasco Núñez de Balboa en el Grado de Gran Cruz Decoration and Medal for contributions to U.S.-Panama relations. In addition,Juster twice received the U.S.-Panama Business Council's Friendship Award.
Juster also represented leading U.S. investment funds in Ukraine,Moldova,and Slovakia,and several non-profit organizations and related individuals,including the National Endowment for Democracy,George Kennan and the Kennan Institute,and the Gorbachev Foundation. In addition,he successfully argued cases in the U.S. Court of Appeals and in U.S. District Courts.
Juster served as a Visiting Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in 1993.
George H. W. Bush administration
Juster served as the deputy and senior adviser to Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence S. Eagleburger from 1989 to 1992,and as the Counselor (Acting) of the United States Department of State from 1992 to 1993. He was one of the key U.S. Government officials involved in establishing and managing U.S. assistance programs to Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union,including setting up the initial Enterprise Funds for that region. On behalf of Secretary of State James A. Baker III,Juster organized the first Coordinating Conference on Assistance to the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union in January 1992,shortly after the collapse of the U.S.S.R. He also led the first international delegation to meet with representatives of the NIS in Minsk,Belarus in February 1992. In addition,Juster was a member of the five-man team,led by Deputy Secretary Eagleburger,that traveled to Israel directly prior to and during the first Gulf War to negotiate with the Israelis regarding their posture during that War. Juster was also actively involved at State in policy matters relating to China,Japan,Latin America,and the Persian Gulf. Upon completion of his tenure at the State Department,Juster received the Secretary of State's Distinguished Service Award and Medal,the State Department's highest honor. He also later received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit from the president of the Federal Republic of Germany for his contributions to U.S.-German relations during the end of the Cold War and in its aftermath.
George. W. Bush administration
Juster served as U.S. Under Secretary of Commerce from 2001 to 2005,in charge of the Bureau of Industry and Security. In that capacity,Juster oversaw issues at the intersection of business and national security,including strategic trade controls related to the exports of sensitive U.S. goods and technologies,imports and foreign investments that affect U.S. security,enforcement of anti-boycott laws,and industry compliance with international arms control agreements.
Juster co-founded and served as the U.S. Chair of the U.S.–India High Technology Cooperation Group. He was also one of the key architects of the Next Steps in Strategic Partnership initiative between the United States and India. His work related to India played an important role in the transformation of the U.S.-India relationship and helped provide the foundation for the historic civil nuclear agreement between the two countries. Juster received the U.S.-India Business Council's Blackwill Award for his contributions to U.S.-India relations.
Juster was also responsible for negotiating and signing the End-Use Visit Understanding between the United States and China,which strengthened the security of exports of U.S. technology to China. In addition,he launched the Transshipment Country Export Control Initiative,which enhanced security through increased export controls at major transshipment hubs such as Hong Kong,Singapore,Panama,and the United Arab Emirates. He also worked extensively with Israel on the export of sensitive technologies,and with European allies and Japan in coordinating export control initiatives. Upon completion of his term at the Commerce Department,Juster received the Secretary of Commerce's William C. Redfield Award and Medal,the Commerce Department's Highest Honor.
Technology and finance
Juster at the 2009 India Economic Summit
From 2005 to 2010,Juster was executive vice president of law,policy,and corporate strategy at Salesforce.[9] He was a section 16(b) officer of the company and a member of the company's five-member executive committee,led by chairman and CEO Marc Benioff. Juster oversaw the functions of corporate development,legal affairs,global public policy and strategy,enterprise risk management,human resources,internal audit,and worldwide real estate. He established the corporate development function and successfully executed the company's initial eight acquisitions and numerous strategic investments in start-up ventures. Juster was also centrally involved in the company's international expansion,including the growth of business in Japan and the establishment of operations in India. In addition,he shaped policy on privacy,security,and cross border data flows with governmental agencies.
Juster was a partner and managing director at the global investment firm Warburg Pincus from 2010 to 2017.[10] He focused on a broad range of issues,including geopolitical risk,global public policy,and regulatory matters relating to the firm's investment activities and portfolio companies. Juster worked closely with investment teams involved in energy and technology. He also founded and led the firm's environmental,social,and governance program and worked on related initiatives with portfolio companies.
Juster was also a member of the U.S. President's Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations from 2007 to 2010. In addition,he served as a non-resident fellow in the Future of Diplomacy Project at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in 2010 and 2011.
Trump administration
Ambassador Juster with Indian prime minister,Narendra Modi,2018
Juster served as the deputy assistant to the president for international economic affairs and deputy director of the National Economic Council from January 2017 to June 2017.[11][12][13] He was also a senior member of the National Security Council.[14] In this role,Juster coordinated the administration's international economic policy and integrated it with national security and foreign policy. He helped establish the U.S.-Japan Economic Dialogue and the U.S.-U.K. Economic Dialogue. He contributed to the U.S. economic relationships with Canada,China,Germany,India,Saudi Arabia,and South Korea. Juster served as the president's representative and lead U.S. negotiator ("Sherpa") in the run-up to the 43rd G7 summit in Taormina,Italy.
Juster was selected in May 2017 by President Trump to be the next United States Ambassador to the Republic of India. President Trump formally nominated him on September 5,2017. Juster was confirmed by unanimous consent of the U.S. Senate on November 2,2017,and he was appointed and sworn in on November 3,2017. He presented his credentials to the president of India on November 23,2017,thereby becoming the 25th U.S. Ambassador to India.
Juster led the third largest U.S. mission in the world,with the embassy in Delhi and consulates in Chennai,Hyderabad Kolkata,and Mumbai. He managed approximately 2,500 employees,representing over 30 U.S. government departments,agencies,and offices. As part of his responsibilities,Juster oversaw the U.S. relationship with the Kingdom of Bhutan,with which the United States does not currently have formal diplomatic relations. Juster established the first-ever Office of Bhutan Affairs at the Embassy and significantly expanded bilateral interactions.
During his tenure,Juster was involved with India on a broad range of issues across many sectors,including defense,trade and finance,energy,science and technology,aviation,health,agriculture,education,and space. He gave a widely acclaimed policy address in January 2018,which set out a vision for a durable U.S.-India strategic partnership. He participated in the development of the U.S. government's Indo-Pacific strategy and the relaunching of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) among Australia,India,Japan,and the United States. He also hosted a visit from the president of the United States in February 2020. Several major policy initiatives were concluded while Juster was U.S. Ambassador.
In the diplomatic sphere,the United States and India adopted the concept of a free and open Indo-Pacific region,which had first been enunciated by former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe,as the foundation for their regional policy. The United States and India also inaugurated an annual 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue between each country's Foreign and Defense Ministers and held three such meetings during Juster's tenure. At each,they signed pivotal defense agreements,including the Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) to enhance the real-time exchange of sensitive information between the two militaries,the Industrial Security Annex (ISA) to the General Security of Military Information Agreement to share sensitive government information with industry and facilitate industrial collaboration,and the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) to share geospatial information,such as nautical and aeronautical data. Each of these agreements had been under negotiation for many years.
The United States also joined India and Japan for the first-ever Trilateral Summit in 2018,followed by a second summit meeting in 2019. In addition,the U.S. government led the way in revitalizing the Quad,with meetings held among the foreign ministers of Australia,India,Japan,and the United States in 2019 and 2020. The Quad provided greater cooperation on a positive agenda of regional issues,including maritime domain security,pandemic management,regional connectivity and high-quality infrastructure,humanitarian assistance and disaster relief,and cybersecurity.
In the defense sphere,the United States and India enhanced the complexity of a robust series of military exercises. Juster inaugurated the first-ever tri-services exercise,known as Tiger Triumph,in Visakhapatnam,India in 2019. This joint amphibious exercise is now conducted annually. In 2020,Australia participated for the first time since 2007 in the Malabar naval exercise,alongside India,Japan,and the United States. Also in 2020,the United States,for the first time,posted a naval officer at an Indian military facility (the Indian Ocean Information Fusion Centre),and India posted,for the first time,a naval officer at a U.S. Combatant Command (the U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in Bahrain). In addition,between 2017 and 2020,the Indian military inducted more than $3.5 billion of U.S.-origin platforms,including Apache attack helicopters,Chinook heavy-duty helicopters,and M777 ultra-lightweight artillery. Juster also participated in the inauguration of the Tata-Boeing Aerospace joint venture in Hyderabad,which will become the sole location for production of Apache helicopter fuselages.
In the fight against terrorism,the United States and India deepened their cooperation by establishing a U.S.-India Terrorist Designations Dialogue in 2017 to coordinate the designation of individual terrorists and groups. The two countries also inaugurated a Defense Cyber Dialogue in 2020,with working groups sharing best practices and exploring cyber capacity building.
In the economic and commercial sphere,trade and investment levels between the two countries achieved new highs. Two-way trade in goods and services went from $114 billion in 2016 to more than $146 billion in 2019,making the United States the number one trading partner of India,and India one of the top trading partners of the United States. In 2017,the United States co-sponsored with India the Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Hyderabad,and in 2018,the two countries held a Civil Aviation Summit. In that year,the U.S. government also granted India Strategic Trade Authorization,Tier One status (STA-1). This benefit is limited to America's closest allies and enabled India to access many highly-regulated U.S. technology items.
A key element of the economic relationship involved energy. The two countries launched a Strategic Energy Partnership in 2018,and India became the largest export destination for U.S. coal,the fourth-largest destination for U.S. crude oil,and the seventh-largest destination for U.S. liquefied natural gas. The United States also supported the modernization of India's power grid,and the development of energy storage technologies as well as renewables and biofuels.
Cooperation on health and science was another area of significant progress during Juster's tenure as Ambassador. The U.S.-India Health Dialogue met in 2019,addressing cooperation on research and innovation,health safety and security,communicable disease,non-communicable disease,health systems,and health policy. This provided the foundation for successful cooperation in the countries’joint response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health specialists from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention supported India's field response to the pandemic,assisting with technical guidance and training on contact tracing,diagnostic testing,and infection prevention and control at health facilities. In addition,American and Indian scientists collaborated to jointly develop and test vaccines,diagnostics,and treatments for COVID-19,with institutions and companies from both countries partnering to utilize India's large manufacturing capacity to produce approved COVID-19 vaccines.
Juster led Mission India through the COVID-19 pandemic,including the repatriation of over 5,800 Americans from across India. The United States and India also increased cooperation on a new threat to global health –antimicrobial resistance. Juster helped inaugurate India's Antimicrobial Resistance Hub in Kolkata in 2019.
Ambassador Juster with the Dalai Lama,2018
Juster undertook several initiatives in cultural diplomacy. These included creating the Blue Room at Roosevelt House,the Ambassador's residence,with the restoration of Rajasthani-inspired murals designed by U.S. artist Karen Lukas,which were featured in the May-June 2019 India edition of Architectural Digest. In addition,in the sports arena,Juster made a memorable video in October 2019 featuring a series of trick basketball shots in welcoming the National Basketball Association to India for its first-ever exhibition games in Mumbai. ESPN subsequently featured the video on its show The Jump,with Rachel Nichols,Scottie Pippen,and Nick Friedell.
Juster interacted with the Tibetan community in India throughout his tenure,including meetings with His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama in Dharamshala and Leh,Ladakh. Juster was the chief guest at the 85th birthday celebration of the Dalai Lama.
For his service as ambassador,Juster received the highest honors of several U.S. government agencies,including the Secretary of State's Distinguished Service Award and Medal,the Department of Defense's Distinguished Public Service Award,the director of National Intelligence's Exceptional Service Award,and the Department of Energy's Excellence Award.
Juster Fellowships
Juster's opportunities to study and work abroad,including as an AFS Exchange Student in Thailand in 1971 and in doing research in Japan in 1975 under a grant from Harvard's Center for International Affairs,had a significant impact on him and his career,as did his internship at the National Security Council in 1978,with the financial support of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. In appreciation of these opportunities and to provide similar opportunities for others,Juster established endowments in 2010 for two fellowships for students at Harvard University. One is the Kenneth I. Juster Fellowship Fund for Undergraduate Research and Travel,administered by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs,for students whose work involves international,transnational,global,and comparative national issues. The other is the Kenneth I. Fellowship Fund to support the research of outstanding master's in public policy students specializing in international and global affairs at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. Approximately five to ten students receive fellowships each year under each of these programs. In 2022,Juster created a third endowment,the Kenneth I. Juster International Fellowship,for students at the Harvard Law School,which will provide experiential learning opportunities for meritorious first- and second-year law students.
Awards
Juster has received numerous honors and awards,including:[15][16]
U.S. Secretary of State's Distinguished Service Award and Medal,2020,1993
U.S. Department of Defense's Distinguished Public Service Award and Medal,2021
U.S. Director of National Intelligence's Exceptional Service Award and Medal,2020
U.S. Department of Energy's Excellence Award,2020
National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) Global Catalyst Award (for exemplary government service over four decades),2020
The Luxury League (India) Award for Outstanding Contributions Toward Cultural Diplomacy,2019
Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit from the president of the Federal Republic of Germany (for contributions to U.S.-German relations),2006
Secretary of Commerce's William C. Redfield Award and Medal,2005
Blackwill Award from the U.S.-India Business Council (for contributions to U.S.-India relations),2004
Friendship Award from the U.S.-Panama Business Council (for contributions to U.S.-Panama relations),2004,2002
Distinguished Alumnus of Scarsdale High School,2007
Distinguished Alumnus of Greenacres Elementary School,2010
Publications
Juster has published extensively on international economic and legal issues,including U.S. foreign policy,U.S.-India relations,international arbitration,international trade and economic sanctions,and cybersecurity. He co-authored the book Making Economic Policy:An Assessment of the National Economic Council (Brookings Institution,1997). He also published “The Myth of Iraqgate”in Foreign Policy magazine (Spring 1994). Juster's research,analysis,and public discourse on the so-called Iraqgate scandal was instrumental in demonstrating that,contrary to media reporting and popular opinion,there was,in fact,no improper or illicit assistance by the U.S. Government to Iraq in the lead up to the 1991 Gulf War. An Independent Counsel appointed by the U.S. Attorney General in the Clinton Administration subsequently investigated the Iraqgate allegations and validated all elements of Juster's analysis.
Personal life
Juster is married to Alyssa Bliss Juster,an attorney and interior designer,and has two stepdaughters,Julia and Ana.
Related Research Articles
India,officially the Republic of India,has full diplomatic relations with 201 states,including Palestine,the Holy See,and Niue. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) is the government agency responsible for the conduct of foreign relations of India. With the world's third largest military expenditure,second largest armed force,fifth largest economy by GDP nominal rates and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity,India is a prominent regional power and a rising superpower.
The Trilateral Commission is a nongovernmental international organization aimed at fostering closer cooperation between Japan,Western Europe and North America. It was founded in July 1973 principally by American banker and philanthropist David Rockefeller,an internationalist who sought to address the challenges posed by the growing economic and political interdependence between the U.S. and its allies in North America,Western Europe,and Japan.
Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. is an American political scientist. He and Robert Keohane co-founded the international relations theory of neoliberalism,which they developed in their 1977 book Power and Interdependence. Together with Keohane,he developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence. They also explored transnational relations and world politics in an edited volume in the 1970s. More recently,he pioneered the theory of soft power. His notion of "smart power" became popular with the use of this phrase by members of the Clinton Administration and the Obama Administration.
Paula Jon Dobriansky is an American diplomat,public official,and foreign policy expert who served as Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs (2001–2009) and the President's Envoy to Northern Ireland (2007–2009). A specialist in Central/East European affairs and the former Soviet Union,trans-Atlantic relations,and political-military affairs,Dobriansky held key senior roles in the administrations of five U.S. presidents.
Robert Bruce Zoellick is an American public official and lawyer who was the 11th president of the World Bank Group,a position he held from July 1,2007,to June 30,2012. He was previously a managing director of Goldman Sachs,United States Deputy Secretary of State and U.S. Trade Representative,from February 7,2001,until February 22,2005. Zoellick has been a senior fellow at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs since ending his term with the World Bank. He is currently a Senior Counselor at Brunswick Group.
Shirin R. Tahir-Kheli is an American political scientist who also served in the Department of State. In 2006,she was appointed as the first Ambassador for women's empowerment by the United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice as well as Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State on United Nations Reform. She was sworn in as the First American Muslim Ambassador in July 1990. Dr. Tahir-Kheli was the Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Democracy,Human Rights and International Operations at the White House National Security Council,from 2003-2005. She has served three Republican presidential administrations since 1980.
Robert Dean Blackwill is a retired American diplomat,author,senior fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations,and lobbyist. Blackwill served as the United States Ambassador to India under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2003 and as United States National Security Council Deputy for Iraq from 2003 to 2004,where he was a liaison between Paul Bremer and Condoleezza Rice.
Robert Nicholas Burns is an American diplomat and academic who has served as the United States ambassador to China since 2022.
The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University,a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights,Manhattan,New York City. It is consistently ranked one of the leading graduate schools for international relations in the world. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields,as well as the Executive MPA and Ph.D. program in Sustainable Development.
James Eugene Goodby is an author and former American diplomat.
Erzhan Hozeuly Kazykhanov is a Kazakh politician who serves as diplomat. Kazykhanov holds a newly created position in the presidential administration with the title of Special Representative for International Cooperation. Prior to his appointment as the Ambassador to the U.S.,Kazykhanov has served as Kazakhstan's Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Before becoming Ambassador to the UK,he held the position of Assistant to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan. He previously served as the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan,as well as the Ambassador of Kazakhstan to Austria,Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the International Organizations in Vienna and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York.
C. Fred Bergsten is an American economist,author,think tank entrepreneur,and policy adviser. He has served as assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger within the National Security Council and as assistant secretary for international affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was the founding director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics,until 2006 the Institute for International Economics,which he established in 1981 and led through 2012. In addition to his academic work,he has been an influential public commentator and advisor to the American and global economic policy community,writing for influential periodicals such as Foreign Affairs magazine and by writing numerous books.
Relations between India and the United States date back to India's independence movement and have continued well after independence from the United Kingdom in 1947. Currently,India and the United States enjoy close relations and have deepened collaboration on issues such as counterterrorism and countering Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific.
Kenneth R. Weinstein is the Walter P. Stern Distinguished Fellow at Hudson Institute,a conservative Washington-based think tank. From 2005,he served as Hudson's CEO,and from April 2011 until January 2021 was Hudson's President and CEO. Weinstein is an expert on U.S. foreign policy and international affairs and has commented on national and international affairs on television and in numerous publications,including The Wall Street Journal,The Weekly Standard,Yomiuri Shimbun and Le Monde.
Earl Anthony Wayne is an American diplomat. Formerly Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs,Ambassador to Argentina and Deputy Ambassador to Afghanistan,Wayne served nearly four years as Ambassador to Mexico. He was nominated by President Obama and confirmed by the Senate in August,2011. He departed Mexico City for Washington July 31,2015 and retired from the State Department on September 30,2015. Wayne attained the highest rank in the U.S. diplomatic service:Career Ambassador. He is currently a Professorial Lecturer and Distinguished Diplomat in Residence at American University's School of International Service and works with the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,the Atlantic Council,the Center for Strategic and International Studies,. Wayne is co-chair of the Wilson Center's Mexico Institute Board. He is an independent consultant,speaker and writer and works with several not for profit professional associations. Wayne worked as an adviser for HSBC Latin America on improving management of financial crime risk from 2015 until 2019 and with the American Foreign Service Association from 2017 to 2019. He currently teaches courses related to diplomacy and US foreign policy at American University.
Nirupama Menon Rao is a retired civil servant of 1973 batch Indian Foreign Service cadre who served as India's Foreign Secretary from 2009 to 2011,as well as being India's Ambassador to the United States,China and Sri Lanka during her career.
Morton Isaac Abramowitz is an American diplomat and former U.S. State Department official. Starting his overseas career in Taipei,Taiwan after joining the foreign service,he served as U.S. Ambassador to Thailand and Turkey and as the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research. He retired from the State Department with the rank of Career Ambassador. He then became president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and founded the International Crisis Group.
John Joseph Danilovich is an American business executive who was secretary general of the International Chamber of Commerce from 2014 –2018. He previously held roles as a senior United States government executive,diplomat,and ambassador.
Atul Keshap is an American diplomat and career United States Foreign Service Officer from Virginia who recently served as the Chargéd'affaires of the United States mission to India. He formerly served as U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka and the Maldives and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State of the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs at the United States Department of State. In January,2022,he was appointed as the president of U.S.-India Business Council. In 2022,Ambassador Keshap was elected into membership of the American Academy of Diplomacy. In May 2023,Keshap was named one of Washington's most influential foreign policy influencers for his work to shape U.S. relations with India.
Everett Eissenstat is a former U.S. government official who previously served as senior vice president of global public policy for General Motors. He is the former Deputy Director of the National Economic Council and Deputy Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs in the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump,where he represented the President at the G7,G20,and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summits. He also served on the National Security Council. Eissenstat succeeded Kenneth Juster,who was nominated by Donald Trump to serve as the United States Ambassador to India.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
