Kenya Medical Research Institute

Last updated

The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) is a state corporation established through the Science and Technology (Amendment) Act of 1979, (since amended to the Sciences, Technology and Innovation Act 2013), during the tenure of Nicholas Biwott as Minister of State, [1] as the national body responsible for carrying out health research in Kenya.

Contents

KEMRI is the medical research arm of the Kenya Government providing advice on various aspects of healthcare and delivery, including national diseases surveillance and rapid response capacity for major disease outbreaks such as HIV, [2] Cholera, Chikungunya Virus, H1N1 Flu, Yellow Fever, Rift Valley Fever, Ebola, Aflatoxicosis and COVID-19. [3]

KEMRI is mandated to carry out research in human health; to cooperate with other research organizations and institutions of higher learning on matters of relevant research and training;  to work with other research bodies within and outside Kenya carrying out similar research; to cooperate with the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, the Ministry of Medical Services, the National Council of Science and Technology (NSCT) and the Medical Science Advisory Research Committee in matters pertaining to research policies and priorities. [4]

KEMRI has grown over the last 40 years to become a regional leader in human health research. [5] The institute currently ranks as one of the leading Centres of excellence in health research both in Africa and globally. [6] [7] During a state visit to the United States in May 2024, where he was hosted by President Joe Biden, President William Ruto highlighted KEMRI as having a positive impact of effective partnership between Kenya and US organisations. [8]

President Ruto hailed the partnerships between CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention), the US National Institute of Health and KEMRI as an initiative that had led to significant scientific discoveries, notably the malaria vaccine and called for increased grants to Kemri tol help establish strong intellectual property and scientific entrepreneurship frameworks. This he said, would support Kenya's focus on product development, a key component of the country's pharmaceutical and biomedical manufacturing sector, aligned with BETA priorities.

Locations

KEMRI Research includes the following centers:[ citation needed ]

  1. Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development (CBRD):Mandate is to develop biotechnological innovations such as diagnostic kits, vaccines and associated delivery technology
  2. Centre for Clinical Research (CCR)
  3. Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast (CGMR-C)
  4. Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR)
  5. Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research (CIPDCR)
  6. Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR)
  7. Centre for Public Health Research (CPHR)
  8. Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research (CRDR)
  9. Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR)
  10. Centre for Virus Research (CVR)
  11. The Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC)
  12. KEMRI Graduate School of Health Sciences
  13. Health Safety and Environment
  14. Production Centre

Partners

KEMRI has links with a number of international, regional and local partners.

INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

The Wellcome (Trust),  a global charitable foundation dedicated to improving health and research.

The US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

The United States Army Medical Research Directorate – Kenya.

The World Health Organization.

The US Agency for International Developmen t (USAID).

The British Medical Research Council.

KIT Royal Tropical Institute (Amsterdam).

The World Association of Industrial and Technological Research Organization (WAITRO).

REGIONAL PARTNERS

Ghana National Institute of Medical Research.

Ethiopia Health and Nutrition Research Institute.

Ethiopia Virus Research Institute.

Makere University Medical School.

University of Zambia Medical School.

LOCAL PARTNERSHIPS

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.

University of Nairobi.

Maseno University.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</span> United States government public health agency

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services, and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rift Valley fever</span> Human and livestock viral disease

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pains, and headaches which often last for up to a week. The severe symptoms may include: loss of sight beginning three weeks after the infection, infections of the brain causing severe headaches and confusion, and bleeding together with liver problems which may occur within the first few days. Those who have bleeding have a chance of death as high as 50%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaccine</span> Pathogen-derived preparation that provides acquired immunity to an infectious disease

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.

Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP), is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nagasaki University</span> National university of Japan

Nagasaki University is a national university of Japan. Its nickname is Chōdai (長大). The main campus is located in Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert R. Redfield</span> American medical researcher and CDC director

Robert Ray Redfield Jr. is an American virologist who served as the Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry from 2018 to 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow fever vaccine</span> Vaccine that protects against yellow fever

Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine that protects against yellow fever. Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America. Most people begin to develop immunity within ten days of vaccination and 99% are protected within one month, and this appears to be lifelong. The vaccine can be used to control outbreaks of disease. It is given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin.

Makerere University Walter Reed Project (MUWRP) was established in 2002 for the primary purpose of HIV vaccine development and building of vaccine testing capability in Uganda. It is one of the 5 international research sites established by the Department of Defense (DoD) United States HIV Research Program (MHRP), a program centered at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in Silver Spring, Maryland. MUWRP's main facility is centrally located in Kampala, near the Makerere University College of Health Sciences where the MUWRP laboratory is located. The main facility includes the clinic, administrative, and data offices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salim Abdool Karim</span> South African medical researcher

Salim S. Abdool Karim, MBChB, MMed, MS(Epi), FFPHM, FFPath (Virol), DipData, PhD, DSc(hc), FRS is a South African public health physician, epidemiologist and virologist who has played a leading role in the AIDS and COVID-19 pandemic. His scientific contributions have impacted the landscape of HIV prevention and treatment, saving thousands of lives.

Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI) is a society registered under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860. It is also an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. It was set up in 2009 at Gurgaon and is now located in NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad along with the Regional Center for Biotechnology, Advanced Technology Platforms Center, Small Animal Facility, and Bio-incubator. Envisioned by former secretary of DBT, M. K. Bhan, the centre was created to enable faster transition of lab research to market. Pramod Garg is the executive director of THSTI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deborah Birx</span> American physician and diplomat

Deborah Leah Birx is an American physician and diplomat who served as the White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator under President Donald Trump from 2020 to 2021. Birx specializes in HIV/AIDS immunology, vaccine research, and global health. Starting in 2014, she oversaw the implementation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program to support HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs in 65 countries. From 2014-2020, Birx was the United States global AIDS coordinator for presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump and served as the United States special representative for global health diplomacy between 2015 and 2021. Birx was part of the White House Coronavirus Task Force from February 2020 to January 2021. In March 2021, Birx joined ActivePure Technology as Chief Medical and Science Advisor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</span> Public health agency of the African Union

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention is a public health agency of the African Union to support the public health initiatives of member states and strengthen the capacity of their health institutions to deal with disease threats. The Africa CDC ideas was proposed by the government of Ethiopia in 2013 during a TB/HIV special summit in Abuja, Nigeria. From 2013 to 2016, the modalities and statue of Africa CDC were developed and the specialized agency was officially launched in January 2017.

Science diplomacy is the collaborative efforts by local and global entities to solve global issues using science and technology as a base. In science diplomacy, collaboration takes place to advance science but science can also be used to facilitate diplomatic relations. This allows even conflicting nations to come together through science to find solutions to global issues. Global organizations, researchers, public health officials, countries, government officials, and clinicians have previously worked together to create effective measures of infection control and subsequent treatment. They continue to do so through sharing of resources, research data, ideas, and by putting into effect laws and regulations that can further advance scientific research. Without the collaborative efforts of such entities, the world would not have the vaccines and treatments we now possess for diseases that were once considered deadly such as tuberculosis, tetanus, polio, influenza, etc. Historically, science diplomacy has proved successful in diseases such as SARS, Ebola, Zika and continues to be relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic today.

Professor Arthur Obel, a Kenyan scientist, identified the first cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Kenya and treated many AIDS patients. He developed two medications, Kemron and Pearl Omega, to cure HIV/AIDS. It was later discovered that neither Kemron nor Pearl Omega were effective medications against the retrovirus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Nkengasong</span> Cameroonian-American virologist

John N. Nkengasong is a Cameroonian-American virologist serving as the Global AIDS Coordinator in the Biden administration since 2022 and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy since 2023. He previously worked as the Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2022, as well as at the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Nkengasong was appointed the WHO Special Envoy for Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Kulldorff</span> Professor of medicine, biostatistician

Martin Kulldorff is a Swedish biostatistician. He was a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School from 2003 until his dismissal in 2024. He is a member of the US Food and Drug Administration's Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee and a former member of the Vaccine Safety Subgroup of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John R. Mascola</span> American Physician-Scientist

John R. Mascola is an American physician-scientist, immunologist and infectious disease specialist. He was the director of the Vaccine Research Center (VRC), part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also served as a principal advisor to Anthony Fauci, director of NIAID, on vaccines and biomedical research affairs. Mascola is the current Chief Scientific Officer for ModeX Therapeutics.

Marietjie Van Aardt Venter or simply Marietjie Venter, is a South African virologist and researcher. She serves as a distinguished professor and research chair in Emerging Viral Threats & One Health (EViTOH) in the Infectious Disease and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI) at the University of the Witwatersrand. Since 2021, she has chaired the SAGO, a WHO permanent advisory body on the origins of emerging infectious diseases including COVID-19. Prior to this, Venter has been serving in the Department of Medical Virology at the University of Pretoria since 2005, leading the Zoonotic Arbo & Respiratory Viruses research program and co-founding the Centre for Viral Zoonoses and is the Director for the Centre for Emerging arbo and respiratory virus research (CEARV) in an extraordinary Professor position at University of Pretoria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kayla Laserson</span> American epidemiologist

Kayla F. Laserson is an American epidemiologist serving as the director of the Global Health Center at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since July 2023. She was previously the deputy director for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Delivery, India Office of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Laserson served as a commander in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps until 2007.

References

  1. "Life and times of Nicholas Kipyator Biwott". Citizentv.co.ke. 11 July 2017. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  2. "Kemri HIV cure studies paused as world focuses on Covid-19". The Star. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  3. Oduor, Augustine. "State pumps money into Covid research". The Standard. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  4. "Home". Kemri. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  5. "KEMRI Scientist Wins Prestigious RSTMH Award". Kemri. 2019-09-25. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  6. Gathura, Gatonye. "Kenya set to give world first gonorrhoea vaccine - Standard Health". Health. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  7. pm, Martin Siele on 6 July 2020-4:26. "KEMRI Scientist Lands Top Oxford University Job". Kenyans.co.ke. Retrieved 2021-03-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. Wangari, Stephanie. "Kenyan universities forge student exchange program with U.S. institutions". The Standard. Retrieved 2024-05-24.