The Bank of Spain is the Spanish member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Spain from 1874 to 1998, issuing the Spanish peseta. Since 2014, it has also been Spain's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It was originally established by Charles III in Madrid in 1782, as the Banco Nacional de San Carlos, and took its current name in 1856. It is also Spain's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. Its activity is regulated by the Bank of Spain Autonomy Act.
Yves Mersch is a Luxembourgish jurist and lawyer who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2012 to 2020. He previously served as first Governor of the Central Bank of Luxembourg from 1998 to 2012.
Sveriges Riksbank, or simply the Riksbank, is the central bank of Sweden. It is the world's oldest surviving central bank, and the fourth oldest bank in operation.
Elizabeth McCaul is a member of the ECB Supervisory Board. McCaul previously served as Superintendent of Banks for the State of New York, the head of the New York State Banking Department and held several senior executive positions at Promontory Financial Group, an IBM company. She founded the New York office of the strategy, risk management, and compliance consulting firm, and most recently served as global head of strategy for Promontory and interim chair of Promontory Financial Group Europe.
Stefan Nils Magnus Ingves is a Finnish-born Swedish banker, economist and civil servant who served as the Governor of Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, from 2006 to 2022. He serves as the Vice-Chairman of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) since November 2021. In June 2022, Ingves announced that he will resign as Governor of Sveriges Riksbank on 31 December 2022. He was succeeded in the role by the former director of the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority, Erik Thedéen.
Lars Johan Heikensten, born 13 September 1950, is a former governor of Sveriges Riksbank and Doctor of Economics.
Julie Dickson, was the Superintendent of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions of Canada, from July 4, 2007, to June, 2014. She later became a member of the ECB Supervisory Board, concerned with uniform regulatory oversight of euro area Banks under European Banking Supervision. The latter consists of the European Central Bank and the national supervisory authorities of participating countries.
A European Union-wide banking stress test exercise has been conducted by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors every year since 2009. The second instance was performed in July 2010. The Council of the European Union mandated that Committee so to do, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis which started in 2007.
Andrea Enria an Italian economist who currently serves as Chair of the ECB Supervisory Board, as of 1 January 2019. He previously served as the chairperson of the European Banking Authority (EBA) between 2011 and 2019.
Klaas Henderikus Willem Knot is a Dutch economist and central banker who is the current President of the Dutch central bank De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB). In this capacity he serves as a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB), as well as of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Knot also holds a position as Professor in Monetary Stability at the University of Amsterdam and honorary professor at the University of Groningen.
Claudia Maria Buch is a German economist who currently serves as Vice President of the Bundesbank. She previously worked as professor at the University of Tübingen and served as a member of the German Council of Economic Experts. Buch worked as scientific director at the Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung in Tübingen and as chairperson of the economic council at the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. She still teaches at the Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg. Her research focuses on regulation and supervision of banking.
European Banking Supervision, also known as the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), is the policy framework for the prudential supervision of banks in the euro area. It is centered on the European Central Bank (ECB), whose supervisory arm is referred to as ECB Banking Supervision. EU member states outside of the euro area can also participate on a voluntary basis, as was the case of Bulgaria as of late 2023. European Banking Supervision was established by Regulation 1024/2013 of the Council, also known as the SSM Regulation, which also created its central decision-making body, the ECB Supervisory Board.
Sabine Lautenschläger is a German jurist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2014 to 2019. She previously served as vice-president of the Deutsche Bundesbank from 2011 to 2013.
Danièle Nouy is a French public servant who served as Chair of the Supervisory Board at the European Central Bank from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. In this capacity, she was regarded as the effective head of European Banking Supervision.
The banking union of the European Union is the transfer of responsibility for banking policy from the national to the EU level in several EU member states, initiated in 2012 as a response to the Eurozone crisis. The motivation for banking union was the fragility of numerous banks in the Eurozone, and the identification of vicious circle between credit conditions for these banks and the sovereign credit of their respective home countries. In several countries, private debts arising from a property bubble were transferred to sovereign debt as a result of banking system bailouts and government responses to slowing economies post-bubble. Conversely, weakness in sovereign credit resulted in deterioration of the balance sheet position of the banking sector, not least because of high domestic sovereign exposures of the banks.
Cecilia Skingsley is a Swedish banker, economist and journalist. She is the current Head of the BIS Innovation Hub, at the Bank for International Settlements. From November 2019 to August 2022 she was First Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden.
Sharon Donnery is an Irish economist and financial regulator who has served as a Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland since March 2016. She served as the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland on an acting basis from June 2019 to August 2019, having occupied increasingly senior positions in economics, consumer protection and regulatory roles since joining the body in 1996. As of 1 July 2022 she is responsible for financial regulation in Ireland. The legislation underpinning the role of the Central Bank of Ireland sets out four statutory positions: Governor, Head of Central Banking, Head of Financial Regulation and Registrar of Credit Unions. As of July 2022, Donnery has the distinction of being the only person to have held all four positions, albeit that she occupied the Governor role on an acting basis.
Fabio Panetta is an Italian economist and central banker who has been serving as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2020. He previously served as Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Italy and concurrently as President of the Institute for the Supervision of Insurance (IVASS) from 10 May to 31 December 2019. Starting from November 2023, he will prematurely end his mandate at the ECB to become governor of the Bank of Italy.
Frank Elderson is a Dutch lawyer who has been serving as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2020.
Anna Breman is a Swedish banker and economist. She is currently serving as the First Deputy Governor of the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden.
Sweden