The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto,fiat panis,translates to "let there be bread". It was founded in October 1945.
The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations. It is the world's largest humanitarian organization,the largest one focused on hunger and food security,and the largest provider of school meals. Founded in 1961,it is headquartered in Rome and has offices in 80 countries. As of 2019,it served 97 million people in 88 countries,the largest since 2012,with two-thirds of its activities conducted in conflict zones.
The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture,is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity,which aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation,exchange and sustainable use of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA),the fair and equitable benefit sharing arising from its use,as well as the recognition of farmers' rights. It was signed in 2001 in Madrid,and entered into force on 29 June 2004.
In politics,humanitarian aid,and the social sciences,hunger is defined as a condition in which a person cannot eat sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs for a sustained period. In the field of hunger relief,the term hunger is used in a sense that goes beyond the common desire for food that all humans experience. The most extreme form of hunger,when malnutrition is widespread,and when people have started dying of starvation through lack of access to sufficient,nutritious food,leads to a declaration of famine.
Tony Patrick Hall is an American politician,businessman,and diplomat who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives,representing Ohio's 3rd congressional district from 1979 to 2002. Hall had previously served in both chambers of the Ohio General Assembly.
Agribusiness refers to the enterprises,the industry,the system,and the field of study of the interrelated and interdependent value chains in agriculture and bio-economy. The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit while sustainably satisfying the needs of consumers for products related to natural resources such as biotechnology,farms,food,forestry,fisheries,fuel,and fiber —usually with the exclusion of non-renewable resources such as mining.
World Food Day is an international day celebrated every year worldwide on 16 October to commemorate the date of the founding of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in 1945. The day is celebrated widely by many other organizations concerned with hunger and food security,including the World Food Programme,the World Health Organization and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. WFP received the Nobel Prize in Peace for 2020 for their efforts to combat hunger,contribute to peace in conflict areas,and for playing a leading role in stopping the use of hunger in the form of a weapon for war and conflict.
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm,including factors such as size,food production technique or technology,involvement of family in labor and economic impact. Smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming. As a country becomes more affluent,smallholdings may not be self-sufficient,but may be valued for the rural lifestyle. As the sustainable food and local food movements grow in affluent countries,some of these smallholdings are gaining increased economic viability. There are an estimated 500 million smallholder farms in developing countries of the world alone,supporting almost two billion people.
Camel milk has supported nomad and pastoral cultures since the domestication of camels millennia ago. Herders may for periods survive solely on the milk when taking the camels on long distances to graze in desert and arid environments. The camel dairy farming industry has grown in Australia and the United States,as an environmentally-friendly alternative to cow dairy farming using a species well-adapted to arid regions.
The Global Forum on Agricultural Research and Innovation (GFAR) is an inclusive global mechanism enabling all those concerned with the future of agriculture and its role in development around the world to come together and address key global needs. GFAR provides an open forum for stakeholders across the agricultural spectrum—from researchers and organizations to farmers—to participate in collaborative discussion and action around the current and future state of agriculture.
Market information systems are information systems used in gathering,analyzing and disseminating information about prices and other information relevant to farmers,animal rearers,traders,processors and others involved in handling agricultural products. Market information systems play an important role in agro-industrialisation and food supply chains. With the advance of information and communication technologies for development (ICTs) in developing countries,the income- generation opportunities offered by market information systems have been sought by international development organizations,non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and businesses alike.
The United States Mission to the UN Agencies in Rome serves as a link between the Rome-based international organizations and the U.S. government. Other U.S. diplomatic missions in Rome are the Embassy of the United States,Rome,and the Embassy of the United States to the Holy See.
Ertharin Cousin is an American lawyer who served as the twelfth Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme from 2012 to 2017. Following the completion of her term,Cousin became Payne Distinguished Professor at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies,Distinguished Fellow at the Center on Food Security and the Environment and the Center on Democracy,Development and the Rule of Law,accepted an appointment as a Distinguished Fellow with The Chicago Council on Global Affairs,and became Trustee on the UK based Power of Nutrition Board of Directors.
David J. Lane was named president of the Annenberg Foundation Trust in September 2016. The non-profit organization operates the Annenberg Retreat at Sunnylands in Rancho Mirage,California. Lane is chairman of The Stimson Center.
Nancy Stetson is the United States Special Representative for Global Food Security,responsible for leading all aspects of U.S. diplomacy related to food security and nutrition,appointed by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on June 23,2014. She is also the Deputy Coordinator for Diplomacy for Feed the Future - the US government's global hunger and food security initiative. In October 2016,Ambassador Stetson was the deputy head of delegation for the U.S. party to Habitat III - the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development.
Endorsed in December 2017,the United Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028 seeks to place family farming at the center of national public policies and investments. In declaring this decade,the United Nations General Assembly recognized the importance of family farming in reducing poverty and improving global food security. The UN Decade of Family Farming is led by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) in collaboration with governments and civil society organizations.
The World Farmers Organization (WFO) with headquarters in Rome,Italy,established 2011,is an international organization of farmers with a focus on agroecology,farming typologies,food chains,indigenous peoples,and mountain farming. The WFO aims to strengthen agricultural producers and farmers' positions within value chains,with a particular focus on smallholder farmers. As such,it closely cooperates with the FAO. The WFO is also acting as a successor to the now-defunct IFAP with its controversial focus on representing middle-class to rich farmers from the Global North,and cooperates with Bayer in several projects.
Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to achieve "zero hunger". It is one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations in 2015. The official wording is:"End hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture". SDG 2 highlights the complex inter-linkages between food security,nutrition,rural transformation and sustainable agriculture. According to the United Nations,there are around 690 million people who are hungry,which accounts for 10 percent of the world population. One in every nine people goes to bed hungry each night,including 20 million people currently at risk of famine in South Sudan,Somalia,Yemen and Nigeria.
Akram Hamid Begzadeh Jaff الدكتوراكرمحامدبكجاف (14 July 1929 - 21 November 2010) was a Kurdish leader who served in various posts in the Iraqi government and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Also known as "Al Jaff" or "Al-Jaff" in some literature &records.
