Kommando Nowotny

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Kommando Nowotny
ActiveSeptember 1944 – November 1944
CountryFlag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Nazi Germany
Branch Balkenkreuz.svg   Luftwaffe
TypeFighter aircraft unit
Role Aerial warfare
Air combat manoeuvring
Air supremacy
Airstrike
SizeAir Force Gruppe
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Walter Nowotny
Erich Hohagen
Aircraft flown
Fighter Messerschmitt Me 262

Kommando Nowotny was a Luftwaffe fighter Gruppe formed during the last months of World War II for testing and establishing tactics for the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter, and was created and first commanded by Walter Nowotny, from whom it drew its name.

Contents

Formation

Me 262 A, similar to those flown by Kdo. Nowotny Bundesarchiv Bild 141-2497, Flugzeug Me 262A auf Flugplatz.jpg
Me 262 A, similar to those flown by Kdo. Nowotny

Kommando Nowotny (Kdo. Nowotny—Commando Nowotny) was formed on 26 September 1944 following the disestablishment of the earlier Erprobungskommando 262 test unit at Lechfeld Airfield, sometimes also referred to as Kommondo Thierfelder which was named after its former commander Hauptmann Werner Thierfelder. [1] Operational status was reached on 3 October at Achmer Airfield and Hesepe. [2] The Stab (headquarters unit) of Kommando Nowotny was created from the Stab of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Zerstörergeschwader 26 (ZG 26—26th Destroyer Wing). [Note 1] At first, III. Gruppe of ZG 26 was renamed to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6—6th Fighter Wing). During this transition, 8. and 9. Staffeln (squadrons) of ZG 26 became 9. and 10. Staffel of JG 6. On 16 October, III. Gruppe was detached from JG 6 and was renamed to Kommando Nowotny. [3]

In consequence, the Stab of III. Gruppe of JG 6 became the Stab of Kdo. Nowotny while 9. and 10. Staffel of JG 6 respectively became 1. and 2. Staffel of Kdo. Nowotny. On 5 November, the creation of a 3rd Staffel was ordered, to be completed by 30 November. The creation of a 4th Staffel was ordered on 12 November but never implemented. The objective of Kdo. Nowotny was to evaluate and establish tactics for the newly developed Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. [3] General der Jagdflieger (General of the Fighter Force) Adolf Galland had hoped that the Me 262 would compensate for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) numerical superiority. [4] The units first commander and namesake was Major Walter Nowotny who had previously commanded I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on the Eastern Front and the training unit Jagdgeschwader 101 (JG 101—101st Fighter Wing). [3]

Operational history

After Nowotny took command of the Kommando, he submitted a demand for staff, requesting many former JG 54 pilots as possible. He replaced Oberleutnant Hans-Günter Müller, the commanding officer of the Staffel based at Hesepe, with Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer. Teumer received some training on the Me 262 at Rechlin. On 4 October, Teumer flew from Rechlin to Hesepe. During the landing approach, Teumer's aircraft suffered engine failure killing him in the resulting crash. [5]

Following Nowotny's death on 8 November, the Kommando was withdrawn from combat operations and its pilots sent to Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2, a replacement training unit at Lechfeld Airfield, for further training. Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing) "Nowotny" was then formed and placed under the command of Oberst Johannes Steinhoff. On 19 November, remnants of Kommando Nowotny was redesignated at Lechfeld Airfield to III. Gruppe of JG 7 and ordered to Brandenburg-Briest where they joined the Stab of JG 7. In consequence, the 1., 2. and 3. Staffel of Kdo. Nowotny became the 9., 10, and 11. Staffel of III. Gruppe of JG 7 which Steinhoff had placed under the command of Major Erich Hohagen. [6] On 24 November, Kommando Nowotny was officially disbanded and ceased to exist as an independent unit. [7] Due to the experimental nature of the unit, and the technical difficulties in operating the jet fighters, the unit had a less than illustrious record. In the time from 4 October to 24 November, a total of 24 enemy aircraft were claimed shot down for a loss of 28 Me 262s either damaged or destroyed. [8]

Losses

DateWerknummer
factory number		FatePilot
4 October 1944170044Engine failure on landing at Hesepe, 75% damageOberleutnant Alfred Teumer killed in flying accident [9]
4 October 1944170047 Landing gear failure during landing at Braunschweig-Waggum, 25% damageHauptmann Franz Schall [9]
5 October 1944110405Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing on the Autobahn near Braunschweig, 10% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach [9]
7 October 1944170307Aerial combat near Achmer, crashed west of Bramsche, 100% damageOberleutnant Paul Bey bailed out [9]
7 October 1944110395 Strafed by North American P-51 Mustang fighters during takeoff, 100% damageOberfähnrich Heinz Russel wounded [9]
7 October 1944110405Shot down during takeoff, exploded in midair, 100% damageLeutnant Gerhard Kobert killed in action [10]
12 October 1944110388Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing at Steenwijk, 15% damageOberleutnant Paul Bley [10]
12 October 1944110402Out fuel resulting in an emergency landing at Bramsche, 10% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Lennartz [10]
12 October 1944110399Takeoff accident due to pilot error at Achmer, 99% damageOberingenieur Karl Leuthner, civilian test pilot killed in flying accident [10]
13 October 1944110401Landing gear failure during landing, aircraft crashed and flipped over at Hesepe, 75% damageOberfähnrich Heinz Russel [10]
28 October 1944110481Engine failure following a bird strike during takeoff and crashed at Achmer, 99% damageOberleutnant Paul Bley killed in flying accident [10]
28 October 1944110479Landing gear failure during landing, aircraft crashed at Hesepe, 12% damageHauptmann Franz Schall [10]
29 October 1944110387 Mid-air collision with a Supermarine Spitfire, aircraft crashed near Sieringhoek-Bad Bentheim, 100% damageLeutnant Alfred Schreiber bailed out [10]
1 November 1944110386Aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters near Arnhem and Zwolle, 99% damageOberfähnrich Willi Banzhaff bailed out [10]
2 November 1944110368Engine failure, crashed during attempted emergency landing 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) southeast of Achmer, 99% damageUnteroffizier Alois Söllner killed in flying accident [10]
2 November 1944170278Crash landing at Achmer following combat mission, 30% damageOberfeldwebel Siegfried Göbel [10]
4 November 1944110403Out fuel following aerial combat with Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters resulting in an emergency landing at Bohmte, 55% damageOberfeldwebel Siegfried Göbel [10]
4 November 1944170310Emergency landing at Hesepe following aerial combat and engine failure, 95% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Zander [10]
4 November 1944110483Shot down in aerial combat near Hittfeld/Dibbersen/Eddelsen, 99% damageOberfähnrich Willi Banzhaff killed in action [10]
6 November 1944110389Emergency landing at Lemwerder, ground collision following aerial combat and damage sustained by the German anti-aircraft artillery, 50% damageLeutnant Herbert Spangenberg [10]
6 November 1944170045Engine failure during maintenance flight resulting in an emergency landing at Hesepe, 25% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach [10]
6 November 1944110402Out fuel following aerial combat resulting in an emergency landing at Ahlhorn, 30% damage [10] Oberfeldwebel Kreutzberg
6 November 1944110490Out fuel following aerial cobat resulting in an emergency landing near Bassum, 30% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Lennartz [10]
8 November 1944110400Crash near Bramsche after aerial combat, 100% damageMajor Walter Nowotny killed in action [10]
8 November 1944110404Engine flameout during aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang fighters, crashed near Quakenbrück, 100% damageOberleutnant Franz Schall bailed out [10]
8 November 1944170293Blown tire on takeoff at Hesepe, 35% damageFeldwebel Erich Büttner [10]
8 November 1944
—
Aerial combat with North American P-51 Mustang fighters near Dümmer See, 100% damageOberfeldwebel Helmut Baudach bailed out [10]
16 November 1944
—
unknown cause and location [10]

Commanding officers

Gruppenkommandeure

 •Major Walter Nowotny 16 October–8 November 1944 [11]
 •Major Erich Hohagen November–24 November 1944 [11]

Staffelkapitäne

1. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny

 •Oberleutnant Paul Bley16 October–28 October 1944 [11]
 •Hauptmann Georg-Peter Eder 28 October–24 November 1944 [11]

2. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny

 •Oberleutnant Alfred Teumer 25 September–4 October 1944 [11]
 •Oberleutnant Franz Schall 16 October–24 November 1944 [11]

3. Staffel of Kommando Nowotny

 •Leutnant Joachim Weber16 October–24 November 1944 [11]

Notes

  1. ↑ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Luftwaffe Organization

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References

Citations

  1. ↑ Heaton & Lewis 2012, p. 115.
  2. ↑ Baker 1997, p.  82.
  3. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2019, p. 7.
  4. ↑ Boehme 1992, p. 57.
  5. ↑ Morgan & Weal 1998, p. 24.
  6. ↑ Forsyth 2008, p. 17.
  7. ↑ Prien et al. 2019, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 13–14.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Prien et al. 2019, p. 13.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Prien et al. 2019, p. 14.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Prien et al. 2019, p. 11.

Bibliography

  • Baker, David (1997). Messerschmitt Me 262 . Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press. ISBN   978-1-86126-078-9.
  • Boehme, Manfred (1992). JG 7 The World's First Jet Fighter Unit 1944/1945. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN   978-0-88740-395-8.
  • Forsyth, Robert (2008). Jagdgeschwader 7 'Nowotny. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN   978-1-84603-320-9.
  • Heaton, Colin; Lewis, Anne-Marie (2012). The Me 262 Stormbird: From the Pilots Who Flew, Fought, and Survived It. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. ISBN   978-0-76034-263-3.
  • Morgan, Hugh; Weal, John (1998). German Jet Aces of World War 2. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 17. London; New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN   978-1-85532-634-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944[The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN   978-3-942943-21-5.
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