Related Research Articles
The Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933, an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1956.
The German Communist Party is a communist party in Germany. The DKP supports left positions and was an observer member of the European Left. At the end of February 2016 it left the European party.
The German Autumn was a series of events in Germany in 1977, mostly late in the year, associated with the kidnapping and murder of industrialist, businessman, and former SS member Hanns Martin Schleyer, president of the Confederation of German Employers' Associations (BDA), and the Federation of German Industries (BDI), by the Red Army Faction (RAF), a far-left militant organisation, and the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). They demanded the release of ten RAF members detained at the Stammheim Prison plus two Palestinian compatriots held in Turkey and US$15 million in exchange for the hostages. The assassination on 7 April 1977 of Siegfried Buback, the attorney-general of West Germany, and the failed kidnapping and murder of the banker Jürgen Ponto on 30 July 1977, marked the beginning of the German Autumn. It ended on 18 October, with the liberation of the Landshut, the deaths of the leading figures of the first generation of the RAF in their prison cells, and the death of Schleyer.
In the fourteen years the Weimar Republic was in existence, some forty parties were represented in the Reichstag. This fragmentation of political power was in part due to the use of a peculiar proportional representation electoral system that encouraged regional or small special interest parties and in part due to the many challenges facing the nascent German democracy in this period.
The Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)), generally abbreviated as KPO or KPD(O), was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940. After the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to power in January 1933, the KPO existed only as an illegal and underground organization. The group initially sought to modify, later to replace, the mainstream Communist Party of Germany (KPD) headed by Ernst Thälmann. The KPO was the first national section affiliated to the International Communist Opposition (ICO).
The Communist Workers' Party of Germany was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. It was founded in April 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Originally the party remained a "sympathising member of Communist International." In 1922 the KAPD split into two factions, both of whom kept the name but are referred to as the KAPD Essen Faction and the KAPD Berlin Faction.
The Communist Party of Germany is an anti-revisionist Marxist-Leninist communist party in Germany. It is one of several parties which claim the KPD name and/or legacy. It was founded in Berlin in 1990.
Communist Party of Germany is a name that has been and is being used by several Communist organizations in Germany.
The Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists was a clandestine communist party active in West Germany and East Germany during the Cold War. It was founded in 1968 by former Communist Party of Germany (KPD) official Ernst Aust, who subsequently became the party's chairman. An anti-revisionist party, the KPD/ML upheld the legacy of Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and supported China under Mao Zedong and later Albania under Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian split. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800.
The Communist Party of Germany (Red Dawn) (German: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands - Roter Morgen) was a minor communist political party in Germany.
The Communist League of West Germany was a Maoist organization in West Germany which existed from 1973 until 1985. The KBW contested the general elections in 1976 and 1980 in West Germany and was rated as the strongest of the German Maoist parties from 1974 until 1981. After 1982 the KBW was virtually inactive and was finally dissolved completely in 1985.
Dieter Kunzelmann was a German left-wing terrorist.
The Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists of Germany was an organization of artists who were members of the Communist Party of Germany. Known primarily by its shortened name, "Asso", it was founded in March 1928. The organization produced posters, placards, propaganda graphics for Communist organizations.
The Free Socialist Party/Marxist-Leninists was a small Maoist political party in West Germany. FSP/ML was the second Maoist group founded in West Germany. It was one of the predecessor organizations of the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists.
The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of anti-war members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), from the left of the party as well as the centre and the right. The organization attempted to chart a course between electorally oriented reformism on the one hand and Bolshevist revolutionism on the other. The organization was terminated in 1931 through merger with the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD).
Wilhelm Florin was a German Communist Party (KPD) politician and a campaigner in opposition to National Socialism.
The Communist League was a radical left-wing organisation active in West Germany from 1971 until 1991. The KB emerged from the protests of 1968 and initially had a Maoist orientation. Later in the 1980s it became a leading organisation of the "undogmatic left" (undogmatische Linke). It was one of several rivaling minor communist groups in West Germany collectively called "K groups.”
Hanna Rautenbach was a German politician (KPD).
The Communist Working Group was a political faction in Thuringia, Germany. KAG was founded by the Landtag of Thuringia members Otto Geithner, Agnes Schmidt and Hans Schreyer, whom had constituted an ultra-left faction in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Geithner and Schreyer had been expelled from KPD, whilst Schmidt resigned from the party to join KAG.
K-Gruppen is a term referring to various Marxist organizations that sprang up in West Germany at the end of the 1960s, following the collapse of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS). They included the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists (KPD/ML), the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Aufbauorganisation) (KPD-AO), the Communist League (KB) and the Communist League of West Germany (KBW). In 1971 the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution estimated that Germany had around twenty active Maoist groups, with 800 members between them. A few of these groups went on to join the Green Party in the late 1970s, while others eventually formed the Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD).
References
- ↑ Smith, J.; Moncourt, André (July 2013). Red Army Faction, A Documentary History: Volume 1: Projectiles for the People. ISBN 9781604868937 . Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ↑ Geronimo (June 2012). Fire and Flames: A History of the German Autonomist Movement - Geronimo. ISBN 9781604867299 . Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- 1 2 3 4 Alexander, Robert Jackson (2001). Maoism in the Developed World - Robert Jackson Alexander. ISBN 9780275961480 . Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ↑ Jian, Chen; Klimke, Martin; Kirasirova, Masha; Nolan, Mary; Young, Marilyn; Waley-Cohen, Joanna (6 February 2018). The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between Protest and Nation ... ISBN 9781351366106 . Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ↑ Brown, Timothy Scott (10 October 2013). West Germany and the Global Sixties: The Anti-Authoritarian Revolt, 1962–1978. ISBN 9781107470347.
- ↑ Smith, J.; Moncourt, André (July 2013). Red Army Faction, A Documentary History: Volume 1: Projectiles for the People. ISBN 9781604868937.