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The International Polar Years (IPY) are collaborative,international efforts with intensive research focus on the polar regions. Karl Weyprecht,an Austro-Hungarian naval officer,motivated the endeavor in 1875,but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth,and most recent,IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009.
The Indian Antarctic Programme is a multi-disciplinary,multi-institutional programme under the control of the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research,Ministry of Earth Sciences,Government of India. It was initiated in 1981 with the first Indian expedition to Antarctica. The programme gained global acceptance with India's signing of the Antarctic Treaty and subsequent construction of the Dakshin Gangotri Antarctic research base in 1983,superseded by the Maitri base from 1989. The newest base commissioned in 2012 is Bharati,constructed out of 134 shipping containers. Under the programme,atmospheric,biological,earth,chemical,and medical sciences are studied by India,which has carried out 40 scientific expeditions to the Antarctic.
The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research,(NCPOR) formerly known as the National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) is an Indian research and development institution,situated in Vasco da Gama,Goa. It is an autonomous institution of the Department of the Ministry of Earth Sciences,Government of India which is responsible for administering the Indian Antarctic Programme and maintains the Indian government's Antarctic research stations,Bharati and Maitri. NCPOR was established originally as NCAOR on 25 May 1998,with Dr. Prem Chand Pandey as the founding director.
The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is an interdisciplinary body of the International Science Council (ISC). SCAR coordinates international scientific research efforts in Antarctica,including the Southern Ocean.
The Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) is a centre for research into the polar regions and glaciology worldwide. It is a sub-department of the Department of Geography in the University of Cambridge,located on Lensfield Road in the south of Cambridge.
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition was part of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of the Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
The International Permafrost Association (IPA),founded in 1983,is an international professional body formed to foster the dissemination of knowledge concerning permafrost and to promote cooperation among individuals and national or international organisations engaged in scientific investigation and engineering work related to permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. The IPA became an Affiliated Organisation of the International Union of Geological Sciences in July 1989.
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose,to conduct polar science,enabling better understanding of global issues,and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff,BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs,operating five research stations,one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions,as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.
The Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration,often abbreviated as the CAA,is a Beijing-based agency of the People's Republic of China's State Oceanic Administration (SOA). Established in 1981,it organizes China's scientific program for both the Arctic and Antarctic,and it provides logistic support to Antarctic expeditions. There are several divisions,including General Affairs,Operation &Logistics,Science Programs,International Cooperation,representation in the Chinese Embassy in Chile,and a Winter Training Base. The director is Qu Tanzhou.
In-Young Ahn is a South Korean scientist. She is known for being the first South Korean woman to visit Antarctica and the first Asian woman to become an Antarctic station leader. She is a benthic ecologist and is currently working as a principal research scientist for the Korea Polar Research Institute.
Kit Kovacs is a marine mammal researcher,best known for her work on biology,conservation and management of whales and seals. She is based at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI),Tromsøand is an Adjunct professor of biology,Marine Biology,at the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS).
Florica Topârceanu is an Antarctic researcher,best known for her work was on Antarctic aquatic viruses and the development of the Antarctic scientific community in Romania. She was the first Romanian woman biologist to study life in Antarctica and the first Romanian woman expert to the Antarctic Treaty.
Cinzia Verde is an Italian researcher in marine biochemistry at the National Research Council (CNR),Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR).
Hong Kum Lee is an Antarctic researcher,best known for work as the Director General of the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI).
Ji Hee Kim is an Antarctic researcher,best known for being the Principal Investigator for comprehensive environmental monitoring and construction of the long term environmental database at South Korea's King Sejong Station.
Siti Aisyah Binti Haji Alias is a Malaysian marine polar researcher and lecturer. As of August 2016,she is Associate Professor and Director of the National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC) in the Malaysian Antarctic Research Programme (MARP),at the University of Malaya. Her work focuses on the physiology of marine and polar microbes and fungi.
Cornelia Lüdecke is a German polar researcher and author. A leading figure in the history of German polar research and the history of meteorology and oceanography,she founded the Expert Group on History of Antarctic Research within the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR),institutionalising historical study and reflection for the Antarctic scientific community. Her books,among others,about the Schwabenland Expedition to Antarctica during the Third Reich and Deutsche in der Antarktis are milestones in the history of polar research publications.
Istanbul Technical University Polar Research Center (ITU PolReC) was established in 2015. ITU PolReC is the first polar research center in Turkey. One year after its establishment,the ITU PolReC had its first expedition to Antarctica. ITU PolReC has MoU's with some of most known institute doing polar sciences
Polar Research and Policy Initiative,commonly known as PRPI or The Polar Connection,is a foreign policy think tank dedicated primarily to the Arctic,Nordic,Baltic and Antarctic regions,as well as energy and environment issues. PRPI is headquartered in London,United Kingdom. Its goal is to promote sustainable regional development.
The Netherlands Polar Programme is the Dutch Antarctic and Arctic research programme. It is administered by the Dutch Research Council based in The Hague in the Netherlands. The programme is positioned in the framework of the Netherlands' Polar Strategy and is funded by a coalition of five ministries of the Dutch government and the Dutch Research Council. It periodically publishes its own research programme strategy titled PolePosition-NL.
References
- ↑ "Korea Polar Research Institute". UArctic - University of the Arctic. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- ↑ "Background to the Korea Antarctic Programme". SCAR. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- ↑ Jin, D.; Kim, S.; Lee, H. (1 December 2011). "Research Activity and Infrastructure of Korea Polar Research Institute: Current and Future Perspectives". American Geophysical Union. 2011: C54B–01. Bibcode:2011AGUFM.C54B..01J . Retrieved 29 November 2021.
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