National Alliance was a national conservative political party in Italy. It was the successor of the Italian Social Movement (MSI),a neo-fascist party founded in 1946 by former followers of Benito Mussolini that had moderated its policies over its last decades and finally distanced itself from its former ideology,a move known as post-fascismo,during a convention in Fiuggi by dissolving into the new party in 1995.
Democracy is Freedom –The Daisy,commonly known simply as The Daisy,was a centrist political party in Italy. The party was formed from the merger of three parties within the centre-left coalition:the Italian People's Party,The Democrats and Italian Renewal. The party president and leader was Francesco Rutelli,former mayor of Rome and prime ministerial candidate during the 2001 general election for The Olive Tree coalition,within which The Daisy electoral list won 14.5% of the national vote.
The Italian Republican Party is a political party in Italy established in 1895,which makes it the oldest political party still active in the country. The PRI identifies with 19th-century classical radicalism,as well as Mazzinianism,and its modern incarnation is associated with liberalism,social liberalism,and centrism. The PRI has old roots and a long history that began with a left-wing position,being the heir of the Historical Far Left and claiming descent from the political thought of Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi. With the rise of the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) to its left,it was associated with centre-left politics. The early PRI was also known for its anti-clerical,anti-monarchist,republican,and later anti-fascist stances. While maintaining those traits,during the second half of the 20th century the party moved towards the centre on the left–right political spectrum,becoming increasingly economically liberal.
Franco Frattini was an Italian politician and magistrate. From January to December 2022,Frattini served as president of the Council of State.
Lamberto Dini CGMG is an Italian politician and economist. He was the Director General of Bank of Italy from 1979 to 1994,Minister of Treasury from 1994 to 1996,the 51st Prime Minister of Italy from 1995 to 1996,and Foreign Minister from 1996 to 2001.
The Party of Italian Communists was a communist party in Italy established in October 1998 by splinters from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC). The split was led by Armando Cossutta,founder and early leader of the PRC,who opposed Fausto Bertinotti's leaderhip and,especially,his decision to withdraw support from Romano Prodi's first cabinet. In December 2014,the party was transformed into the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I),which would later evolve into the new version of the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
Enrico Letta is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014,leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. He was the leader of the Democratic Party (PD) from March 2021 to March 2023.
Pier Luigi Bersani is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD),Italy's leading centre-left party,from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry,Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 to 1999,President of Emilia-Romagna from 1993 to 1996,Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2001,and Minister of Economic Development from 2006 to 2008.
The Democratic Party of the Left was a democratic-socialist and social-democratic political party in Italy. Founded in February 1991 as the post-communist evolution of the Italian Communist Party,the party was the largest in the Alliance of Progressives and The Olive Tree coalitions. In February 1998,the party merged with minor parties to form Democrats of the Left. At its peak in 1991,the party had a membership of 989,708;by 1998,it was reduced to 613,412.
Giorgio La Malfa is an Italian politician.
Benedetto Della Vedova is an Italian politician.
The Italian People's Party was a Christian-democratic,centrist and Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party was a member of the European People's Party (EPP).
Gianfranco Rotondi is an Italian politician and a member of the Chamber of Deputies.
Margherita Boniver is an Italian politician.
The 1994 Italian general election was held on 27 and 28 March 1994 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic for the 12th legislature. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition won a large majority in the Chamber of Deputies but just missed winning a majority in the Senate. The Italian People's Party,the renamed Christian Democracy (DC),which had dominated Italian politics for almost half a century,was decimated. It took only 29 seats versus 206 for the DC two years earlier—easily the worst defeat a sitting government in Italy has ever suffered,and one of the worst ever suffered by a Western European governing party.
Massimo D'Alema is an Italian politician and journalist who was the 53rd prime minister of Italy from 1998 to 2000. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. D'Alema also served for a time as national secretary of the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS). The media has referred to him as Leader Maximo due to his first name and for his dominant position in the left-wing coalitions during the Second Republic.
The political career of Silvio Berlusconi (1994–2011) began in 1994,when Berlusconi entered politics for the first time serving intermittent terms as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011,his career was racked with controversies and trials;amongst these was his failure to honour his promise to sell his personal assets in Mediaset,the largest television broadcaster network in Italy,in order to dispel any perceived conflicts of interest.
Maria Elena Boschi,is an Italian lawyer and politician,member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2013.
The Conservatives and Reformists was a broadly conservative and,to some extent,Christian-democratic and liberal political party in Italy,led by Raffaele Fitto.
Matteo Mecacci is an Italian diplomat serving as director of the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODHIR). In the past,he was a Radical Party Member of Parliament in Italy and elected in the lists of the Democratic Party,President of the International Campaign for Tibet and leading advocate for the International Criminal Court,the abolition of the death penalty,religious freedom and other prominent human rights campaigns.
