Legio XVI Flavia Firma ("Steadfast Flavian Sixteenth Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. The legion was created by Emperor Vespasian in 70 from the remains of the XVI Gallica (which had surrendered in the Batavian rebellion). The unit still existed in the 4th century, when it guarded the Euphrates border and camped in Sura (Syria). The emblem of the legion was a Pegasus, [1] [2] although earlier studies assumed it to have been a lion. [3]
| Name | Rank | Time frame | Province | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lucius Cornelius Pusio Annius Messalla | legatus | before 70 | CIL VI, 37056 | |
| Lucius Domitius Apollinaris [4] | legatus | c. 84-87 | IGR III.558 = TAM II.569 | |
| Lucius Neratius Proculus [5] | legatus | c. 138 | CIL IX, 2457 | |
| Gaius Septimius Severus [5] | legatus | c. 155 | ||
| Lucius Fabius Cilo [6] | legatus | between 180 and 184 | CIL VI, 1408 = ILS 1141; CIL VI, 1409 = ILS 1142 | |
| Lucius Marius Perpetuus [6] | legatus | after 200 | CIL III, 1178 = ILS 1165; CIL III, 6709 = ILS 5899 | |
| Publius Tullius Varro [7] | tribunus laticlavius | c. 120 | CIL X, 3364 =ILS 1047 | |
| Marcus Accenna Helvius Agrippa | tribunus laticlavius | 2nd century | CIL II, 1262 |
Acinonyx is a genus within the Felidae family. The only living species of the genus, the cheetah, lives in open grasslands of Africa and Asia.
The nobiles were members of a social rank in the Roman Republic indicating that one was "well known". This may have changed over time: in Cicero's time, one was notable if one descended from a person who had been elected consul. In earlier periods and more broadly, this may have included a larger group consisting of those who were patricians, were descended from patricians who had become plebeians via transitio ad plebem, or were descended from plebeians who had held curule offices.
Georg Friedrich Puchta was an important German Legal scholar.
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The gastraphetes, also called belly bow or belly shooter, was a hand-held crossbow used by the Ancient Greeks. It was described in the 1st century AD by the Greek author Heron of Alexandria in his work Belopoeica, which draws on an earlier account of the famous Greek engineer Ctesibius. Heron identifies the gastraphetes as the forerunner of the later catapult, which places its invention some unknown time prior to c. 420 BC.
Barbaricum is a geographical name used by historical and archaeological experts to refer to the vast area of barbarian-occupied territory that lay, in Roman times, beyond the frontiers or limes of the Roman Empire in North, Central and South Eastern Europe, the "lands lying beyond Roman administrative control but nonetheless a part of the Roman world". During the Late Antiquity, it was the Latin name for those tribal territories not occupied by Rome that lay beyond the Rhine and the Danube : Ammianus Marcellinus used it, as did Eutropius. The earliest recorded mention appears to date to the early 3rd century.
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Pfünz Roman Fort, Castra Vetoniana or Vetonianae, was a Roman cohort camp near Pfünz, a village in the municipality of Walting in the county of Eichstätt, Bavaria. It was built in about 90 A. D. on a 42-metre-high Jurassic hillspur between the valley of the Altmühl and that of the Pfünzer Bach stream. it is a component of the Rhaetian Limes which was elevated in 2005 to the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Of historical importance are the remains of the double V-shaped ditches hewn out of the rock in front of the position, the one on the western rampart being the best preserved. In 1998, as part of the construction of a high pressure water system, the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection carried out further test excavations. The archaeological record and rich finds from Pfünz, some of which are very rare, are seen as reasons for further studies in the future.
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