List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers

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The Chicago White Sox celebrate after defeating the Minnesota Twins 1-0 to win the 2008 American League Central. 2008 MLB AL Central Tiebreaker Celebration.JPG
The Chicago White Sox celebrate after defeating the Minnesota Twins 1–0 to win the 2008 American League Central.

A tie-breaker was required in Major League Baseball (MLB) when two or more teams were tied at the end of the regular season for a postseason position such as a league pennant (prior to the introduction of the League Championship Series in 1969), a division title, or a wild card spot. Until 2022, both the American League (AL) and the National League (NL) used a one-game playoff format for tie-breakers, although the NL used a best-of-three series prior to 1969, when the leagues were split into divisions. As these tie-breaker games counted as part of the regular season and MLB teams (American League beginning in 1961, and National League beginning in 1962) have 162-game regular season schedules, the tie-breaker games were sometimes referred to as "Game 163". [1] [2] In 2022, as part of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement to end the 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout, tiebreaker games were replaced with statistical tiebreaker procedures. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Sixteen tie-breakers – 12 single-game and four series – have been played in MLB history. In baseball statistics, tie-breaker games counted as regular season games with all events in them counted towards regular season statistics. This had implications on statistical races, such as when Matt Holliday won the batting average and runs batted in titles thanks in part to his performance in the 2007 tie-breaker. [6] Home-field advantage for tie-breakers was determined by a coin flip through the 2008 season, after which performance-based criteria, starting with head-to-head record of the tied teams, were put in place. [7]

Although there have been no situations requiring a tie-breaker between more than two teams, it was possible. In 2007, for example, the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, and Arizona Diamondbacks finished the season within two games of one another. [8] The possibility existed for as many as four teams to be locked in a series of tie-breakers that year to decide the NL East, West, and Wild Card. [9] Similarly, late in the 2012 season the possibility existed for the New York Yankees, Baltimore Orioles, and either the Texas Rangers or Oakland Athletics to all finish with the same record. This could have required the teams to play a complex set of multiple games to determine divisional and wild card winners, a situation which Jayson Stark described as potentially "baseball's worst scheduling nightmare." [10]

History

The first tie-breaker, held in 1946, decided the winner of the NL pennant between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Brooklyn Dodgers, who had finished the season tied at 96–58. [11] The Cardinals won the series in two games and went on to win the 1946 World Series, [12] one of four tie-breaker winners who have gone on to win the World Series. Three tie-breaker games have gone into extra innings: the decisive second game of the 1959 series, the 2007 Wild Card tie-breaker, and the 2009 game. [13] [14] [15] The 2008 tie-breaker, a 1–0 victory for the White Sox, was the lowest scoring game, while the 2007 match-up with 17 total runs was the highest scoring. The Dodgers franchise has participated in six tie-breakers, twice while the team was based in Brooklyn and four times in Los Angeles, the most for any team. Dodger Stadium, Ebbets Field, Fenway Park, the Polo Grounds and Wrigley Field are the only venues which have hosted multiple tie-breaker games. Both games at the Polo Grounds came in the 1951 series.

One of the most famous moments in MLB history came in the final game of the 1951 National League tie-breaker series. Entering the bottom of the ninth inning the New York Giants were trailing the Dodgers 4–1. Al Dark and Don Mueller each singled to put runners on first and third base. [16] Whitey Lockman hit a double, scoring Dark to make the game 4–2. Finally, Bobby Thomson hit a walk-off home run which has come to be known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" to give the Giants the 5–4 victory and the National League pennant. ESPN's SportsCentury ranked it as the second greatest game of the 20th century. [17] In 1962, the first season of the NL expanded schedule to 162 games, the only best-of-three tie breaker in the 162 game season took place between the San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers with the Giants winning 2–1. This was the longest regular season schedule ever played by 2 teams at 165 games, a record that will almost certainly never be matched. The 2000s saw three years of consecutive one-run tiebreaker games. The Rockies stormed back from a 2-run deficit in the 13th in 2007, winning 9–8 in a surprising run to the World Series that year. In 2008, a Jim Thome home run and a stellar performance by John Danks helped the White Sox edge out the Twins 1–0. The Twins ended up on the winning side the following year, tying the game in the 10th after going down a run and then walking off in the 12th inning to defeat the Tigers 6–5.

In 2018, two tiebreakers were played to conclude the season for the first time in MLB history. The NL West was decided between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Colorado Rockies, while the NL Central was decided between the Milwaukee Brewers and the Chicago Cubs. The Dodgers and Brewers, the winners of these games, advanced to the NLDS, while the losers played each other in the Wild Card game. [1] [2]

Despite one team playing on their home field, tie-breakers have not favored the home team statistically, with the home team having gone 11–11 since the first tie-breaker game was played.

Starting with the 2022 season, as part of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement to end the 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout, MLB added a third wild card team in each league, expanding the playoffs to 12 teams, and the tiebreaker game format was abolished. Ties will only be broken with a set of statistical prodecures. [3] [4] [5]

Key

Key to the tie-breakers
TitleThe pennant, division, or wild card which the tie-breaker decided. Links to the tie-breaker game or series.
Winning/Losing teamThe winning and losing team for the tie-breaker (for the overall series in the case of a best-of-three series)
Score(s)Score of the game, extra innings noted in parentheses
Postseason result (winner)Fate of team winning the tie-breaker in the subsequent postseason
Postseason result (loser)Fate of team losing the tie-breaker in the subsequent postseason (if qualified)
*Team subsequently won the World Series
#Team subsequently lost the World Series
^Tie-breaker was contested in a best-of-three series rather than a one-game playoff
Head-to-headHead-to-head win/loss record and winning percentage of the winning vs. losing team during the regular season prior to the tie-breaker itself

Tie-breakers

Tie-breaker games and series
TitleWinning teamScore(s)Losing teamSite(s)Postseason resultHead-to-headRef.
WinnerLoser
1946 NL pennant St. Louis Cardinals 4–2, 8–4^ Brooklyn Dodgers Sportsman's Park (Game 1)
Ebbets Field (Game 2)
Won WS 4–3 (Red Sox)*Did not qualify14–8 (.636) [18] [19]
1948 AL pennant Cleveland Indians 8–3 Boston Red Sox Fenway Park Won WS 4–2 (Braves)*Did not qualify11–11 (.500) [20]
1951 NL pennant New York Giants 3–1, 0–10, 5–4^ Brooklyn Dodgers Ebbets Field (Game 1)
Polo Grounds (Games 2, 3)
Lost WS 4–2 (Yankees)#Did not qualify9–13 (.409) [16] [21] [22]
1959 NL pennant Los Angeles Dodgers 3–2, 6–5 (12)^ Milwaukee Braves County Stadium (Game 1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Game 2)
Won WS 4–2 (White Sox)*Did not qualify12–10 (.545) [13] [23]
1962 NL pennant San Francisco Giants 8–0, 7–8, 6–4^ Los Angeles Dodgers Candlestick Park (Game 1)
Dodger Stadium (Games 2, 3)
Lost WS 4–3 (Yankees)#Did not qualify9–9 (.500) [24] [25] [26]
1978 AL East New York Yankees 5–4 Boston Red Sox Fenway Park Won ALCS 3–1 (Royals),
Won WS 4–2 (Dodgers)*
Did not qualify8–7 (.533) [27]
1980 NL West Houston Astros 7–1 Los Angeles Dodgers Dodger Stadium Lost NLCS 3–2 (Phillies)Did not qualify8–10 (.444) [28]
1995 AL West Seattle Mariners 9–1 California Angels Kingdome Won ALDS 3–2 (Yankees),
Lost ALCS 4–2 (Indians)
Did not qualify5–7 (.417) [29]
1998 NL Wild Card Chicago Cubs 5–3 San Francisco Giants Wrigley Field Lost NLDS 3–0 (Braves)Did not qualify6–3 (.667) [30]
1999 NL Wild Card New York Mets 5–0 Cincinnati Reds Cinergy Field Won NLDS 3–1 (Diamondbacks),
Lost NLCS 4–2 (Braves)
Did not qualify4–5 (.444) [31]
2007 NL Wild Card Colorado Rockies 9–8 (13) San Diego Padres Coors Field Won NLDS 3–0 (Phillies),
Won NLCS 4–0 (Diamondbacks),
Lost WS 4–0 (Red Sox)#
Did not qualify10–8 (.556) [14]
2008 AL Central Chicago White Sox 1–0 Minnesota Twins U.S. Cellular Field Lost ALDS 3–1 (Rays)Did not qualify8–10 (.444) [32]
2009 AL Central Minnesota Twins 6–5 (12) Detroit Tigers Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome Lost ALDS 3–0 (Yankees)Did not qualify11–7 (.611) [15] [33]
2013 AL Wild Card Tampa Bay Rays 5–2 Texas Rangers Rangers Ballpark in Arlington Won ALWC (Indians),
Lost ALDS 3–1 (Red Sox)
Did not qualify3–4 (.429) [34]
2018 NL Central Milwaukee Brewers 3–1 Chicago Cubs Wrigley Field Won NLDS 3–0 (Rockies),
Lost NLCS 4–3 (Dodgers)
Lost NLWC (Rockies)8–11 (.421) [35]
2018 NL West Los Angeles Dodgers 5–2 Colorado Rockies Dodger Stadium Won NLDS 3–1 (Braves),
Won NLCS 4–3 (Brewers),
Lost WS 4–1 (Red Sox)#
Won NLWC (Cubs),
Lost NLDS 3-0 (Brewers)
12–7 (.632) [36]

Win–loss records by team

This only lists teams who participated in at least one tiebreaker game, and lists them under their current identities.

TeamWin–loss recordAppearances
Atlanta Braves 0–11
Boston Red Sox 0–22
Chicago Cubs 1–12
Chicago White Sox 1–01
Cincinnati Reds 0–11
Cleveland Guardians 1–01
Colorado Rockies 1–12
Detroit Tigers 0–11
Houston Astros 1–01
Los Angeles Angels 0–11
Los Angeles Dodgers 2–46
Milwaukee Brewers 1–01
Minnesota Twins 1–12
New York Mets 1–01
New York Yankees 1–01
San Diego Padres 0–11
San Francisco Giants 2–13
Seattle Mariners 1–01
St. Louis Cardinals 1–01
Tampa Bay Rays 1–01
Texas Rangers 0–11

In cases where a series was played, win–loss total reflects outcome of the series, not individual games.

Team choices on tiebreaker designations

A tiebreaker involving three teams or more would have involved a more complex series of match-ups to determine what team(s) earned what playoff berth(s). This scenario never actually occurred but, on a few occasions, it was close enough that the teams involved selected tiebreaker designation in anticipation of such a scenario. [37]

Three-way tie for one wild card spot

While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, and C in case. Team A hosted Team B. The winner would then host Team C, with the winner of that game getting the wild card spot.

YearTeams involved1st Team's choice2nd Team's choice3rd Team's designation
2021 [38] [39] Red Sox, Mariners, Blue Jays Red Sox chose CMariners chose ABlue Jays given B
Blue Jays, Yankees, Mariners Blue Jays chose CYankees chose AMariners given B

Three-way tie for two wild card spots

While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, and C in case. Team A hosted Team B, with the winner awarded one spot. Team C would host the loser of the first game, with the winner getting the other spot.

YearTeams involved1st Team's choice2nd Team's choice3rd Team's designation
2013 [40] Indians, Rays, Rangers Indians chose ARays chose BRangers given C
2016 [41] Blue Jays, Orioles, Tigers Blue Jays chose AOrioles chose CTigers given B
2021 [38] [39] Red Sox, Blue Jays, Yankees Red Sox chose ABlue Jays chose BYankees given C
Red Sox, Yankees, Mariners Red Sox chose AYankees chose BMariners given C

Four-way tie for two wild card spots

While such a tie had never occurred, teams within range were requested to choose between designations A, B, C, and D in case. Team A hosted Team B. Team C hosted Team D. The winners of each game would've been awarded a wild-card spot.

YearTeams within range1st Team's choice2nd Team's choice3rd Team's choice4th Team's designation
2021 [38] [39] Red Sox, Blue Jays, Yankees, Mariners Red Sox chose ABlue Jays chose CYankees chose BMariners given D

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game</span> 2007 Major League Baseball tie-breaker game

The 2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2007 regular season, played between the San Diego Padres and Colorado Rockies of the National League's (NL) West Division to determine the NL wild card. It was played at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado, on October 1, 2007. The Rockies won the game 9–8 in thirteen innings on a controversial play at home plate.

The 1998 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1998 regular season, played between the Chicago Cubs and San Francisco Giants to determine the winner of the National League (NL) wild card. The game took place at Wrigley Field in Chicago, on September 28, 1998. The Cubs won the game 5–3, holding the Giants scoreless for the majority of the game until the Giants threatened heavily in the ninth inning and scored all three runs. As a result of the game, the Cubs qualified for the postseason and the Giants did not.

The 1999 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1999 regular season, played between the New York Mets and Cincinnati Reds to determine the winner of the National League (NL) wild card. It was played at Cinergy Field in Cincinnati, on October 4, 1999. The Mets won the game, 5–0, with starting pitcher Al Leiter pitching a two-hit shutout. As a result, the Mets qualified for the postseason and the Reds did not.

The 1980 National League West tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1980 regular season, played between the Houston Astros and Los Angeles Dodgers to decide the winner of the National League's (NL) West Division. The game was played on October 6, 1980, at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California. It was necessary after the Dodgers overcame a three-game deficit in the final three games of the season and both teams finished with identical win–loss records of 92–70. The Dodgers won a coin flip late in the season which, by rule at the time, awarded them home field for the game.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 American League Central tie-breaker game</span> 2009 Major League Baseball tie-breaker game

The 2009 American League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 regular season, played between the Detroit Tigers and Minnesota Twins to determine the champion of the American League's (AL) Central Division. It was played at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on October 6, 2009. The Twins won the game 6–5 in a thrilling 12-inning battle, and advanced to the 2009 AL Division Series where they were swept by the New York Yankees; the Tigers failed to qualify for the postseason.

The 1962 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series that extended Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1962 regular season to determine the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played from October 1 to 3, 1962, between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Francisco Giants. The Giants won the series, two games to one. The first game took place at Candlestick Park and the second and third were played at Dodger Stadium. The tie-breaker series was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 101–61. The Dodgers won a coin flip late in the season, which gave them home field advantage. The series was broadcast nationally by NBC television, with Bob Wolff, George Kell, and Joe Garagiola announcing, and NBC Radio, with Al Helfer and George Kell announcing.

The 1946 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series that extended Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1946 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1 and October 3, 1946, between the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 96–58. This was the first ever tie-breaker series in MLB history. The Cardinals won the regular season series, 16–8.

The 1951 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series that extended Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1951 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1, 2, and 3, 1951, between the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 96–58. It is most famous for the walk-off home run hit by Bobby Thomson of the Giants in the deciding game, which has come to be known as baseball's "Shot Heard 'Round the World".

The 1959 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series that extended Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1959 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The tiebreaker series was necessary after the Los Angeles Dodgers and Milwaukee Braves finished the season with identical win–loss records of 86–68 (.558) on Sunday, September 27, three games ahead of the San Francisco Giants. It was the first tie-breaker in the majors in eight years, also in the National League.

The 2013 American League Wild Card tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2013 regular season, played between the Texas Rangers and Tampa Bay Rays to determine the second participant in the 2013 American League (AL) Wild Card Game. It was played at the Globe Life Park in Arlington on September 30, 2013. The Rays defeated the Rangers, 5–2, and advanced to the AL Wild Card Game against the Cleveland Indians at Progressive Field, which they won 4–0; the Rangers failed to qualify for the postseason.

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The 2018 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 postseason between the National League's two wild card teams, the Colorado Rockies and the Chicago Cubs. The Cubs earned home field advantage by virtue of having a better regular season record. The game occurred on October 2, 2018, with the Rockies victorious by a score of 2–1 in 13 innings—the longest winner-take-all game in MLB postseason history. The Rockies advanced to face the Milwaukee Brewers in the National League Division Series.

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The 2018 National League West tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Colorado Rockies and Los Angeles Dodgers to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) West Division. It was played at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California on October 1, 2018.

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References

General

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  • "Tiebreaker Playoff Results". ESPN.com . Associated Press. September 30, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
  • "Playoff and World Series Stats and Results". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved May 8, 2010.

Specific

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