Before the Holocaust, Jews were a significant part of the population in Lithuania where they numbered around 240,000, including approximately 100,000 in Vilnius, or about 45% of that city's pre-World War II population (Vilnius was also once known as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"). A large Jewish community also existed in Latvia. In comparison, Estonia and the Nordic countries have had much smaller communities, concentrated mostly in Denmark and Sweden. The following is a list of prominent North European Jews, arranged by country of origin:
Leo Eitinger (born in Slovakia), professor of psychiatry at University of Oslo and Holocaust survivor, known mainly for his work on late-onset psychological trauma amongst Holocaust survivors
Oskar Mendelsohn, historian, known for his two-volume history of Norwegian Jews
Charles Philipson, Supreme Court Justice Judge, Chairman of the Petroleum Law Committee, deputy chairman of the Petroleum Council and chairman of the Riksel Committee
Moritz Rabinowitz, merchant, active in public debate against antisemitism and Nazism before World War II
Friedman, Friedmann, and Freedman are surnames of German origin, and from the 17th century were also adopted by Ashkenazi Jews. It is the 9th most common surname in Israel and most common exclusively Ashkenazi name. They may refer to:
Isaac transliterated from Yitzhak, Yitzchok was one of the three patriarchs in the Hebrew Bible, whose story is told in the book of Genesis.
↑ Jewish Chronicle, February 4, 2000, p.6: "Jewish business leader Marcus Storch"
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