List of chancellors of Austria

Last updated

Karl Renner 1905.jpg
Engelbert Dollfuss.png
Bruno Kreisky (cropped).jpg
Sebastian Kurz crop.jpg
Clockwise from top left:
  • Renner was the first chancellor of German-Austria, the First Republic, and the Second Republic.
  • Dollfuss turned the First Republic into a dictatorship.
  • For most of his incumbency, Kurz was the world's youngest head of government.
  • Kreisky is considered perhaps Austria's most successful Socialist leader. [1]

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of Austria, appointed by the president and viewed as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice-chancellor and the ministers. [2]

Contents

Following World War I, the office was established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 and named state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allied powers denied German-Austria to merge with the Weimar Republic, [3] the country formed the federal First Austrian Republic and the office was renamed from state chancellor to federal chancellor. The first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. There have been ten chancellors who served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss created the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria. [4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists, [5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship. [6] Schuschnigg was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany. [7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reichskommissar Josef Bürckel [8] (1939–1940) and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach [9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy, and became a sub-national division of Nazi Germany. [10] [11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government. [12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955 [13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the institution of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics; the People's Party (and its predecessor, the Christian Social Party) have led nineteen cabinets and served as a junior partner in eight, while the Social Democratic Party (formerly the Social Democratic Workers' Party) has led eleven and served as a junior partner in five. There have been seven parties that never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future and the Communist Party in one.

Following a legislative election or in the case of a vacancy, the president conventionally picks the leader of the largest party in Parliament to serve as chancellor, and appoints the remaining members of the Cabinet based on the chancellor's recommendation. If a sitting chancellor dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to exercise the powers and duties of the office, the vice-chancellor becomes acting chancellor. If the vice-chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the Cabinet take over in order of seniority. [14]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest-serving chancellor, with more than thirteen years in office, while Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest-serving chancellor, with two days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest-serving acting chancellor, with only one day in office.

Chancellors

‡ Acting chancellors
Key to parties
   Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)
  •   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)
  •   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei
   Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)
  •   1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)
   Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)
   Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)
   Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)
   The Greens / die Grünen
Key to historical parties
  1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)
  1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)
  1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr
  1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)
  1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
No.PortraitName
(born–died)		Term of officePartyElectedCabinet
coalition		Ref.
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Karl Renner 1920 by Theodor Bauer.jpg Karl Renner [lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2]
(1870–1950)		30 October 19187 July 19201 year, 251 days SDAPÖ 1919 Renner I–II–III
• SDAPÖ • CS • GDVP 		[15] [16] [17]
2 Michael Mayr.jpg Michael Mayr [lower-alpha 3]
(1864–1922)		7 July 192021 June 1921349 days CS 1920 Mayr I–II
• CS • SDAPÖ 		[18]
3 Schober.png Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		21 June 192126 January 1922344 days IND – Schober I
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats		 [19]
4 Walter Breisky (1871-1944) 1927 (c) Georg Fayer (1892-1950) OeNB 10449491.jpg Walter Breisky
(1871–1944)		26 January 192227 January 19221 day CS – Breisky
• CS • GDVP		 [20]
(3) Schober.png Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		27 January 192231 May 1922124 days IND – Schober II
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats 		[21]
5 Wenzl Weis - Ignaz Seipel.jpg Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)		31 May 192220 November 19242 years, 173 days CS 1923 Seipel I–II–III
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats 		[22]
6 Rudolf Ramek 1-E-895.jpg Rudolf Ramek
(1881–1941)		20 November 192420 October 19261 year, 334 days CS – Ramek I–II
• CS • GDVP 		[23]
(5) Wenzl Weis - Ignaz Seipel.jpg Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)		20 October 19264 May 19292 years, 196 days CS 1927 Seipel IV–V
• CS • GDVP • LBd 		[ citation needed ]
7 Streeruwitz (table crop).jpg Ernst Streeruwitz
(1874–1952)		4 May 192926 September 1929145 days CS – Streeruwitz
• CS • LBd		 [24]
(3) Johann Schober (1874-1932) 1927 (c) Georg Fayer (1892-1950) OeNB 10453983.jpg Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)		26 September 192930 September 19301 year, 4 days IND – Schober III
• CS 		[ citation needed ]
8 Carl Vaugoin (1933).jpg Carl Vaugoin
(1873–1949)		30 September 19304 December 193065 days CS – Vaugoin
• CS 		[25]
9 OttoEnder1929.jpg Otto Ender
(1875–1960)		4 December 193020 June 1931198 days CS 1930 Ender
• CS 		[26]
10 Buresch, Karl, Chancellor of Austria, Agence Mondial, BNF Gallica.jpg Karl Buresch
(1878–1936)		20 June 193120 May 1932335 days CS – Buresch I–II
• CS • LBd 		[27]
11 Engelbert Dollfuss 1-E-652.jpg Engelbert Dollfuss
(1892–1934)		20 May 1932 25 July 1934 †2 years, 66 days CS – Dollfuss I
• CS • LBd • Heimwehr
20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934

Dollfuss II
• VF
1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934		 [28]
VF
– ErnstRudigerFurstStarhembergBA1556417.jpg Prince
Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
(1899–1956)
‡		25 July 193429 July 19344 days VF – Dollfuss II
• VF 		[29]
12 KurtVonSchuschnigg1936-3.jpg Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977)		29 July 193411 March 19383 years, 225 days VF – Schuschnigg I–II–III–IV–V
• VF 		[30]
13 Arthur Seyss-Inquart (cropped).jpg Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(1892–1946)		11 March 193813 March 19382 days NSDAP – Seyss-Inquart
• NSDAP 		[31] [32]
Austria was part of Nazi Germany from 12 March 1938 to 13 April 1945
(1) Karl Renner 1-E-901 (cropped).jpg Karl Renner [lower-alpha 4]
(1870–1950)		27 April 194520 December 1945237 days SPÖ – Renner IV
• SPÖ • ÖVP • KPÖ 		[33] [34] [35]
14 Figl leopold 01b.jpg Leopold Figl
(1902–1965)		20 December 19452 April 19537 years, 103 days ÖVP 1945 Figl I–II–III
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[36]
1949
15 Julius-Raab-1961.jpg Julius Raab
(1891–1964)		2 April 195311 April 19618 years, 9 days ÖVP 1953 Raab I–II–III–IV
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[37]
1956
1959
16 Alfons Gorbach 1965.jpg Alfons Gorbach
(1898–1972)		11 April 19612 April 19642 years, 357 days ÖVP 1962 Gorbach I–II
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[38]
17 Josef Klaus 1964.jpg Josef Klaus
(1910–2001)		2 April 196421 April 19706 years, 19 days ÖVP – Klaus I
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[39]
1966 Klaus II
• ÖVP
18 President Jimmy Carter with Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky (cropped).jpg Bruno Kreisky
(1911–1990)		21 April 197024 May 198313 years, 33 days SPÖ 1970 Kreisky I–II–III–IV
• SPÖ 		[40]
1971
1975
1979
19 Fred Sinowatz, Austrian politician.jpg Fred Sinowatz
(1929–2008)		24 May 198316 June 19863 years, 23 days SPÖ 1983 Sinowatz
• SPÖ • FPÖ 		[41]
20 SPO Presse und Kommunikation 52 (7534272276) (cropped).jpg Franz Vranitzky
(born 1937)		16 June 198628 January 199710 years, 226 days SPÖ 1986 Vranitzky I–II
• SPÖ • FPÖ 		[42]
1990 Vranitzky III–IV–V
• SPÖ • ÖVP
1994
1995
21 Bundeskanzler Viktor Klima (cropped).JPG Viktor Klima
(born 1947)		28 January 19974 February 20003 years, 7 days SPÖ – Klima
• SPÖ • ÖVP 		[43]
22 Wolfgang Schussel - EPP Congress Rome 2006 (168) (cropped).jpg Wolfgang Schüssel
(born 1945)		4 February 200011 January 20076 years, 341 days ÖVP 1999 Schüssel I
• ÖVP • FPÖ
4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005

Schüssel II
• ÖVP • BZÖ
3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007		 [44]
2002
23 Alfred Gusenbauer 26.10.2008 (cropped).jpg Alfred Gusenbauer
(born 1960)		11 January 20072 December 20081 year, 326 days SPÖ 2006 Gusenbauer
• SPÖ • ÖVP		 [45]
24 Portrait Werner Faymann (2722260630).jpg Werner Faymann
(born 1960)		2 December 20089 May 20167 years, 159 days SPÖ 2008 Faymann I–II
• SPÖ • ÖVP		 [46]
2013
– DOORSTEP 2016-09-23 (29757363802) (cropped).jpg Reinhold Mitterlehner
(born 1955)
‡		9 May 201617 May 20168 days ÖVP – Faymann II
• SPÖ • ÖVP		 [47] [48]
25 Christian Kern 2016 (portrait).jpg Christian Kern
(born 1966)		17 May 201618 December 20171 year, 215 days SPÖ – Kern
• SPÖ • ÖVP		 [49]
26 Sebastian Kurz crop.jpg Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)		18 December 201728 May 20191 year, 161 days ÖVP 2017 Kurz I
• ÖVP • FPÖ
18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019

• ÖVP
22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019		 [50]
– 2017 Finanzminister Hartwig Loger (39136614571) (cropped).jpg Hartwig Löger
(born 1965)
‡		28 May 20193 June 20196 days ÖVP – Kurz I
• ÖVP 		[51] [52]
27 Brigitte Bierlein 2018 (portrait crop).jpg Brigitte Bierlein
(born 1949)		3 June 20197 January 2020218 days IND – Bierlein
• Technocrats 		[53] [54]
(26) Sebastian Kurz (2018-02-28) (cropped).jpg Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)		7 January 202011 October 20211 year, 277 days ÖVP 2019 Kurz II
• ÖVP • Greens 		[55]
28 Alexander Schallenberg (51029203647).jpg Alexander Schallenberg
(born 1969)		11 October 20216 December 202156 days ÖVP – Schallenberg
• ÖVP • Greens 		[56]
29 2020 Karl Nehammer Ministerrat am 8.1.2020 (49351366976) (cropped) (cropped).jpg Karl Nehammer
(born 1972)		6 December 2021Incumbent2 years, 150 days ÖVP – Nehammer
• ÖVP • Greens 		[57]

Timeline

Karl NehammerAlexander SchallenbergBrigitte BierleinSebastian KurzChristian KernWerner FaymannAlfred GusenbauerWolfgang SchüsselViktor KilmaFranz VranitzkyFred SinowatzBruno KreiskyJosef KlausAlfons GorbachJulius RaabLeopold FiglArthur Seyss-InquartKurt SchuschniggEngelbert DollfussKarl BureschOtto EnderCarl VaugoinErnst StreeruwitzRudolf RamekIgnaz SeipelWalter BreiskyJohannes SchoberMichael MayrKarl RennerList of chancellors of Austria

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
  2. ↑ The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
  3. ↑ Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
  4. ↑ After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi Regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

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References

  1. ↑ "Power limited for Austrian foreign minister, fan of Bruno Kreisky, critic of Juncker". euractiv.com. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  2. ↑ "Bundeskanzler Sebastian Kurz". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  3. ↑ "Treaty of Saint-Germain". Britannica. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  4. ↑ "First Republic and the Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  5. ↑ "The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss, July 25, 1934". eclecticatbest.com. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  6. ↑ "Kurt von Schuschnigg". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  7. ↑ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  8. ↑ "Josef Bürckel". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  9. ↑ "Baldur von Schirach". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  10. ↑ "Gesetz über Gebietsveränderungen in Österreich". alex.onb.ac.a (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  12. ↑ "The years of the Allied Forces in Vienna". wien.gv.at. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  13. ↑ "Full text of the Austrian State Treaty" (PDF). treaties.un.org. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  14. ↑ "Art. 69 B-VG". jusline.at (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  15. ↑ "Dr. Karl Renner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  16. ↑ "Bundesregierung (Österreich)". austria-forum.org (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  17. ↑ "Staatsregierung Renner I". anno.onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  18. ↑ "Dr. Michael Mayr" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  19. ↑ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  21. ↑ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  22. ↑ "Dr. Ignaz Seipel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  23. ↑ "Dr. Rudolf Ramek" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  24. ↑ "Ernst Streeruwitz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  25. ↑ "Carl Vaugoin" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  26. ↑ "Dr. Otto Ender" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  27. ↑ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  28. ↑ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  29. ↑ "Austria: Death for Freedom". Time. 6 August 1934. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  30. ↑ "Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  31. ↑ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  32. ↑ "Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  33. ↑ "Bundeskanzler seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  34. ↑ "Kanzler und Regierungen seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  35. ↑ "Karl Renner (Politiker)". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Dipl.-Ing. DDDr. h.c. Leopold Figl" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  37. ↑ "Ing. DDDr. Julius Raab" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  38. ↑ "Dr. Alfons Gorbach" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  39. ↑ "Dr. Josef Klaus" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  40. ↑ "Dr. Bruno Kreisky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  41. ↑ "Dr. Fred Sinowatz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  42. ↑ "Dipl.-Kfm. Dr. Franz Vranitzky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  43. ↑ "Mag. Viktor Klima" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  44. ↑ "Dr. Wolfgang Schüssel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  45. ↑ "Dr. Alfred Gusenbauer" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  46. ↑ "Werner Faymann" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  47. ↑ "Dr. Reinhold Mitterlehner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  48. ↑ "ÖVP-Chef "überrascht"". orf.at (in German). 9 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  49. ↑ "Mag. Christian Kern" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  50. ↑ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  51. ↑ "Bundespräsident Van der Bellen enthebt Regierung ihres Amtes" (in German). APA. 28 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  52. ↑ "Hartwig Löger" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  53. ↑ "Kabinett Bierlein angelobt". orf.at (in German). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  54. ↑ "Dr. Brigitte Bierlein" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  55. ↑ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  56. ↑ "Schallenberg set to replace Kurz as Austria's chancellor". Euronews . 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  57. ↑ Welle (dw.com), Deutsche. "Austria: Karl Nehammer sworn in as new chancellor | DW | 06.12.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
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