| History of Cape Verde |
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| Colonial history |
| Independence struggle |
The islands of Cape Verde were uninhabited when discovered and claimed by Portugal in 1456. A Portuguese colony was established in 1462. The islands were united as a single crown colony in 1587. In 1951, the islands became an overseas province of Portugal. Autonomy was granted in 1974 and independence was granted on 5 July 1975.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
(later northern Santiago)
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 29 January 1462 to 1473 | Diogo Afonso , Captain | |
| 1473 to 1505 | Rodrigo Afonso , Captain |
(southern Santiago)
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 19 September 1462 to 1496 | Antonio de Noli , Captain | |
| 8 April 1497 to ???? | Branca de Aguiar , Captain | ♀ |
| 1508 to 15?? | Sebastião Álvares de Landim , Captain | |
| 1515 to 151? | Fernão Mendes , Captain | |
| 1517 to 15?? | João Alemão , Captain | |
| 16 August 1536 to 15?? | João Correia de Souza , Captain | |
| 1544 to 15?? | António Correia de Souza , Captain | |
| 1555 (or ?1559) to 15?? | Manuel de Andrade , Captain | |
| 22 December 1562 to ???? | Constantino de Bragança , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 29 October 1497 to 3 January 1505 | Rodrigo Afonso , Captain | |
| 3 January 1505 to 15?? | Pêro Correia , Captain | |
| 15?? to 1542 | António Correia , Captain | |
| 1542 to 15?? | Maria Correia , Captain | ♀ |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1484 to ???? | João de Santarém , Captain | |
| 1504 to 150? | Afonso Ribeiro , Captain | |
| 1508 to 15?? | Rodrigi Varela , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1526 to 1527 | André Rodrigues dos Mosquitos , Captain | |
| 1527 to 15?? | Gomes Balieiro , Captain | |
| 21 January 1570 to ???? | Manuel Correia , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1528 to 1529 | João de Meneses Vasconcellos, conde de Penela , Captain | |
| 20 April 1528 to 15?? | Afonso de Meneses, conde de Penela , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 22 October 1542 to 15?? | Luís Pereira , Captain | |
| 12 January 1553 to 15?? | Martinho Pereira , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 13 January 1548 to 15?? | Gonçalo de Sousa , Captain |
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Portuguese suzerainty | ||
| 1462 | Portuguese settlement | |
| Corregedor (Magistrates) | ||
| 1481 to ???? | Pêro Lourenço , Corregedor | |
| ???? to 1517 | Pêro de Guimarães , Corregedor | |
| 1517 to 1521 | João Alemão , Corregedor | |
| 1521 to 1527 | Leonis Correia , Corregedor | |
| 28 August 1527 to 1534 | Gaspar Correia , Corregedor | |
| 1534 to 1536 | Estêvão de Lagos , Corregedor | |
| 1536 to 1541 | André Feio , Corregedor | |
| 1539 to 1541 | Simão Afonso , Corregedor | |
| 1541 to 1544 | Pêro Moniz , Corregedor | |
| 1544 to 1547 | António Ferreira , Corregedor | |
| 1547 to 1550 | Pêro de Araujo , Corregedor | |
| 1550 to 1556 | Jorge Pimentel , Corregedor | |
| 1556 to 1559 | Manuel de Andrade , Corregedor | |
| 1559 to 1560 | Luís Martins de Evangelho , Corregedor | |
| 1560 to 1562 | Gregório Martins Caminha , Corregedor | |
| 1562 to 1571 | Bernardo de Alpoim , Corregedor | |
| 1571 to 1577 | António Velho Tinoco , Corregedor | |
| 1577 to 1579 | Cristóvão Soares de Mello , Corregedor | |
| 1579 to 1584 | Diogo Dias Magro , Corregedor | |
| 1584 to 1588 | Gaspar de Andrade , Corregedor | |
| 1588 to 1588 | Amador Gomes Raposo , Corregedor | |
| Governors | ||
| 1588 to 1591 | Duarte Lobo da Gama , Governor | |
| 1591 to 1595 | Brás Soares de Melo , Governor | |
| 1597 to 1603 | Fancisco Lobo da Gama , Governor | |
| 1603 to 1606 | Fernão de Mesquita de Brito , Governor | |
| 1606 to 1611 | Francisco Correia da Silva , Governor | |
| 1611 to 1614 | Francisco Martins de Sequeira , Governor | |
| 1614 to 1618 | Nicolau de Castilho , Governor | |
| 1618 to 1622 | Francisco de Moura , Governor | |
| 1622 to 1622 | Francisco de Moura Rolim , Governor | |
| 1622 to 1624 | Manuel Afonso de Guerra , acting Governor | |
| 1624 to 1628 | Francisco de Vasconcelos da Cunha , Governor | |
| 1628 to 1632 | João Pereira Corte-Real , Governor | |
| 1632 to 1636 | Cristóvão de Cabral , Governor | |
| 1636 to 1639 | Jorge de Castilho , Governor | |
| 1639 to 1640 | Jerónimo de Cavalcanti e Albuquerque , Governor | |
| 1640 to 1645 | João Serrão da Cunha , Governor | |
| 1645 to 1646 | Lourenço Garro , Governor | |
| 1646 to 1648 | Jorge de Araújo , Governor | |
| 1648 to 1648 | Roque de Barros do Rêgo , Governor | |
| 1648 to 1649 | Council of Government | |
| 12 June 1649 to 9 October 1650 | Gonçalo de Gamboa Ayala , Governor | |
| 1650 to 1651 | Pedro Semedo Cardoso , Governor | |
| 1651 to 1653 | Jorge de Mesquita Castelo Branco , Governor | |
| 1563 to 1658 | Pedro Ferreira Barreto , Governor | |
| 1558 to 1663 | Francisco de Figueroa , Governor | |
| 1663 to 1667 | Antõnio Galvao , Governor | |
| 1667 to 1671 | Manuel da Costa Pessoa , Governor | 1st Term |
| 1671 to 1676 | Manuel Pacheco de Melo , Governor | |
| 30 April 1676 to 1676 | João Cardoso Pássaro , Governor | |
| 1676 to 1678 | Council of Government | |
| 15 March 1678 to 1683 | Manuel da Costa Pessoa , Governor | 2nd Term |
| 1681 to 1687 | Inácio de Franca Barbosa , Governor | |
| 1687 to 1688 | Veríssimo Carvalho da Costa , Governor | |
| 1688 to 1690 | Vitoriano da Costa , Governor | |
| 1690 to 1691 | Digo Ramires Esquível , Governor | |
| 1691 to 1692 | Council of Government | |
| 1692 to 1696 | Manuel António Pinheiro da Câmara , Governor | |
| 1696 to 7 June 1696 | António Gomes Mena , Governor | |
| 1696 to 1698 | Council of Government | |
| 4 November 1698 to 1702 | António Salgado , Governor | |
| 10 February 1702 to 1702 | Jorge Cotrim de Mello , Governor | |
| 12 April 1702 to 1707 | Gonçalo de Lemos Mascarenhas , Governor | |
| 11 May 1707 to 1710 | Rodrigo de Oliveira da Fonseca , Governor | |
| 12 February 1710 to 1715 | José Pinheiro da Câmara , Governor | |
| 27 March 1715 to 20 June 1715 | Manuel Pereira Calheiros e Araújo , Governor | |
| 16 December 1715 to 1719 | Serafim Teixeira Sarmento de Sá , Governor | |
| 9 April 1719 to 1720 | Balthasar de Sousa Coutinho , Governor | |
| 11 March 1720 to 4 January 1725 | António Vieira , Governor | |
| 24 January 1726 to 1728 | Francisco Miguel da Nóbrega Vasconcelos , Governor | |
| 10 July 1728 to 1733 | Francisco de Oliveira Grans , Governor | |
| 1733 to 1737 | Bento Gomes Coelho , Governor | |
| 1 May 1736 to 7 August 1738 | José da Fonseca Barbosa , Governor | |
| 1738 to 1741 | Chamber Senate | |
| 10 June 1741 to 1751 | João Zuzarte de Santa Maria , Governor | |
| 6 March 1751 to 1751 | António José d'Eça e Faria , Governor | |
| 1752 to 1756 | Luís António da Cunha d'Eça , Governor | |
| 1756 to 1761 | Manuel António de Sousa e Meneses , Governor | |
| 5 March 1761 to 1761 | Marcelino Pereira de Ávila , Governor | |
| 1761 to 1764 | António de Barros Bezerra , Governor | |
| 1764 to 1766 | Bartolomeu de Sousa de Brito Tigre , Governor | |
| 1766 to 1767 | João Jácome de Brito Barena Henriques , Governor | |
| 25 November 1768 to 1777 | Joaquim Salema Saldanha Lobo , Governor | |
| 1777 to 1781 | António do Vale de Sousa e Meneses , Governor | |
| 19 February 1781 to 1782 | Duarte de Melo da Silva Castro de Almeida , Governor | |
| 1782 to 1783 | Francisco de São Simão , acting Governor | |
| 23 August 1784 to 1789 | António Machado de Faria e Maia , Governor | |
| 2 April 1789 to 1793 | Francisco José Teixeira Carneiro , Governor | |
| 27 September 1793 to 10 September 1795 | José da Silva Maldonado d'Eça , Governor | |
| 3 August 1796 to 29 November 1802 | Marcelino António Bastos , Governor | |
| 12 May 1803 to 1818 | António Coutinho de Lencastre , Governor | |
| 6 February 1818 to 1822 | António Pusich , Governor | |
| 9 May 1822 to 1826 | João da Matta Chapuzet , Governor | |
| 7 September 1826 to 1830 | Caetano Procópio Godinho de Vasconcelos , Governor | |
| 1830 to 1831 | Duarte da Costa e Sousa de Macedo , Governor | |
| 1831 to 1834 | José Coutinho de Lencastre , Governor | |
| 1834 to 1835 | Manuel António Martins , Governor | |
| 1835 to 1836 | Joaquim Pereira Marinho , Governor | 1st Term |
| 1836 to 1837 | Domingos Correia Arouca , Governor | |
| 1837 to 1839 | Joaquim Pereira Marinho , Governor | 2nd Term |
| 1839 to 1842 | João de Fontes Pereira de Melo , Governor | 1st Term |
| 5 April 1842 to 1845 | Francisco de Paula Bastos , Governor | |
| 26 June 1845 to 1847 | José Miguel de Noronha , Governor | |
| 28 July 1847 to 1851 | João de Fontes Pereira de Melo , Governor | 2nd Term |
| 25 June 1851 to 1854 | Fortunato José Barreiros , Governor | |
| 6 April 1854 to 1857 | António Maria Barreiros Arrobas , Governor | |
| 25 November 1857 to 1860 | Sebastião Lopes de Calheiros Meneses , Governor | |
| 1860 to 1860 | Januário Correia de Almeida , Governor | |
| 6 September 1860 to 1863 | Carlos Joaquim Franco , Governor | |
| 1863 to 1869 | José Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses , Governor | |
| 29 March 1869 to 26 February 1876 | Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque , Governor | Some sources stated that he began his term on 11 February 1869 |
| 1877 to 1877 | G.C. Lopes de Macedo , Governor | |
| 1878 to 1878 | Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses , Governor | |
| 1879 to 1881 | António de Nascimento Pereira de Sampaio , Governor | |
| 1882 to 1886 | João Paes de Vasconcellos , Governor | |
| 1887 to 1889 | João Cesário de Lacerda , Governor | 1st Term |
| 1890 to 1890 | Augusto Cesário Carlos de Carvalho , Governor | |
| 1891 to 1893 | José Guedes Brandão de Melo , Governor | 1st Term |
| 1893 to 1894 | Fernando de Magalhães e Menezes , Governor | |
| 1893 to 1896 | José Guedes Brandão de Melo , Governor | 2nd Term |
| 1897 to 1897 | Alexandre Alberto da Rocha de Serpa Pinto , Governor | |
| 1898 to 1900 | João Cesário de Lacerda , Governor | 2nd Term |
| 1901 to 1902 | Arnaldo de Novalis Guedes de Rebelo , Governor | |
| 1902 to 1903 | Francisco de Paula Cid , Governor | |
| 1903 to 1904 | António Alfredo Barjona de Freitas , Governor | |
| 1905 to 1907 | Amâncio Alpoim de Cerqueira Borges Cabral , Governor | |
| 1907 to 1909 | Bernardo António da Costa de Macedo , Governor | |
| 1909 to 1910 | Martinho Pinto de Queirós Montenegro , Governor | |
| 1910 to 1911 | António de Macedo Ramalho Ortigão , Governor | |
| 1911 to 1911 | Artur Marinha de Campos , Governor | |
| 1911 to 1915 | Joaquím Pedro Vieira Índice Bicker , Governor | |
| 1915 to 1918 | Abel Fontoura da Costa , Governor | |
| 1918 to 1919 | Teófilo Duarte , Governor | |
| 1919 to 1921 | Manuel Firmino de Almeida da Maia Magalhães , Governor | |
| 1921 to 1922 | Filipe Carlos Dias de Carvalho , Governor | |
| 1924 to 1926 | Júlio Henriques d'Abreu , Governor | |
| 1927 to 1927 | João de Almeida , Governor | |
| 1927 to 1931 | António Álvares Guedes Vaz , Governor | |
| 1931 to 1941 | Amadeu Gomes de Figueiredo , Governor | |
| 1941 to 1943 | José Diogo Ferreira Martins , Governor | |
| 1943 to 1949 | João de Figueiredo , Governor | |
| 1950 to 1953 | Carlos Alberto Garcia Alves Roçadas , Governor | |
| 1953 to 1957 | Manuel Marques de Abrantes Amaral , Governor | |
| 1957 to 1958 | António Augusto Peixoto Correia , acting Governor | |
| 1958 to 1962 | Silvino Silvério Marques , Governor | |
| 1963 to 1969 | Leão Maria Tavares Rosado do Sacramento Monteiro , Governor | |
| 13 March 1969 to 1974 | António Lopes dos Santos , Governor | |
| March 1974 to 25 April 1974 | Basílio Pina de Oliveira Seguro , Governor | |
| May 1974 to July 1974 | Sérgio Fonseca , Governor | |
| 6 August 1974 to 21 September 1974 | Henrique da Silva Horta , Governor | |
| 21 September 1974 to 30 December 1974 | Vicente Almeida d'Eça , Governor | |
| 30 December 1974 to 5 July 1975 | Vicente Almeida d'Eça , High Commissioner | |
| 5 July 1975 | Independence as Republic of Cape Verde | |
For continuation after independence, see: List of presidents of Cape Verde
Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government and the President of the Republic of Cape Verde is the head of state, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The constitution, first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992, forms the basis of government organization. It declares that the government is the "organ that defines, leads, and executes the general internal and external policy of the country" and is responsible to the National Assembly.
The recorded history of Cape Verde begins with the Portuguese discovery of the island in 1458. Possible early references to Cape Verde date back at least 2,000 years.
Praia is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde. Located on the southern coast of Santiago island, within the Sotavento Islands group, the city is the seat of the Praia Municipality. Praia is the political, economic and cultural center of Cape Verde.
The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. Originally formed to peacefully campaign for independence from Portugal, the party turned to armed conflict in the 1960s and was one of the belligerents in the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. Towards the end of the war, the party established a socialist one-party state, which remained intact until multi-party democracy was introduced in the early 1990s. Although the party won the first multi-party elections in 1994, it was removed from power in the 1999–2000 elections. However, it returned to office after winning parliamentary elections in 2004 and presidential elections in 2005, since which it has remained the largest party in the National People's Assembly.
Santiago is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation's population. Part of the Sotavento Islands, it lies between the islands of Maio and Fogo. It was the first of the islands to be settled: the town of Ribeira Grande was founded in 1462. Santiago is home to the nation's capital city of Praia.
Nelson Mandela International Airport, also known as Praia International Airport, is the airport of Santiago Island in Cape Verde. It was opened in October 2005, replacing the old Francisco Mendes International Airport. It is located about 3 km northeast of the city centre of Praia in the southeastern part of the island of Santiago.
Clube Desportivo Travadores is a football club in the Santiago South Premier Division in Cape Verde and are one of the unrelegated clubs of the Premier Division. It is based in the capital city of Praia, on the island of Santiago, and plays in a stadium with a capacity of 8,000. It is affiliated with Portuguese club S.L. Benfica and was its first affiliate in Cape Verde and in the western part of West Africa. Travadores' nicknames are Índios (Indians) and Águias (Eagles).
Football is the most popular sport in Cape Verde. The league is divided into eleven divisions, of which seven of them are singles and two islands, Santiago and Santo Antão has two zones since 2000. The football association is a federation which is known as the Cape Verdean Football Federation, it became affiliated with CAF in 1986 and later with FIFA in 2001.
Cape Verdean Bissau-Guineans are Bissau-Guineans residents whose ancestry originated in Cape Verde.
Angola and Cape Verde are members of the African Union, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Group of 77 and the United Nations.
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi). These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres west of Cap-Vert, the westernmost point of continental Africa. The Cape Verde islands form part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles.
Cape Verde was a colony of the Portuguese Empire from the initial settlement of the Cape Verde Islands in 1462 until the independence of Cape Verde in 1975.
Montanha is a settlement in the central part of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is situated 2 km north of João Teves and 8 km southwest of Pedra Badejo. The area is intensively farmed; mainly maize, beans and sugar-cane.
Cape Verdeans, also called Cabo Verdeans, are a people native to Cape Verde, an island nation in West Africa consisting of an archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde is a multi-ethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. Cabo Verdeans do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities.
The following lists events that happened during 1975 in Cape Verde.
Basketball is the second most popular sport in Cape Verde. The league are divided into eleven divisions, Santiago and Santo Antão has two zones since the early 2000s. The basketball association is a federation which is known as the Capeverdean Basketball Federation. The FCBB was founded in 1986 and became affiliated to FIBA in 1988.
The archipelago of Cape Verde has been struck by a series of drought-related famines between the 1580s and the 1950s. During these periods of drought and famine, tens of thousands of inhabitants died from starvation and diseases.
Cape Verde–Portugal relations are the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cabo Verde and the Portuguese Republic. Both nations are members of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries and the United Nations.
Cape Verdean nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Cape Verde, as amended; the Nationality Act, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Cape Verde. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Cape Verdean nationality is typically obtained under the principle of jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in Cape Verde or abroad to parents with Cape Verdean nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.