President of the Republic of Chad | |
---|---|
رئيس جمهورية تشاد (Arabic) Président de la République du Tchad (French) | |
Residence | Presidential Palace, N'Djamena |
Term length | 5 years, renewable once |
Inaugural holder | François Tombalbaye |
Formation | 23 April 1962 |
Salary | 800,000 FCFA / month |
Website | Presidency of Chad |
Africaportal |
This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.
A total of six people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one person, Goukouni Oueddei, has served on two non-consecutive occasions.
The current head of state of Chad is Mahamat Déby, since 20 April 2021, when he took power in a military coup following the death of his father, President Idriss Déby. Mahamat Déby was President of the Transitional Military Council, a military junta, from 20 April 2021 until 10 October 2022, when he was sworn is as Transitional President of the Republic following a "national dialogue". [1] [2] On 6 May 2024, Déby won the Chadian presidential election and was proclaimed President four days later on 10 May. [3]
In 2018, the new Constitution of Chad reinstated two-term limits for the president. It also changed the length of the term from five years to six years. [4] However, in 2023, a constitutional referendum was held which changed the length of the term from six years back to five years and which also lowered the minimum age for the presidency from 40 down to 35. [5]
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | Prime minister(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
1 | François Tombalbaye (1918–1975) [lower-alpha 1] | 1962 1969 | 11 August 1960 | 13 April 1975 ( assassinated ) | 14 years, 245 days | PPT / MNRCS | Position not established | |
– | Noël Milarew Odingar (1932–2007) | — | 13 April 1975 | 15 April 1975 | 2 days | Military | Position not established | |
2 | Félix Malloum (1932–2009) | — | 15 April 1975 | 23 March 1979 (resigned) | 3 years, 342 days | Military | Habré | |
3 | Goukouni Oueddei (born 1944) | — | 23 March 1979 | 29 April 1979 | 37 days | FROLINAT–FAP | Position vacant | |
4 | Lol Mahamat Choua (1939–2019) | — | 29 April 1979 | 3 September 1979 | 127 days | MPLT | Position vacant | |
(3) | Goukouni Oueddei (born 1944) | — | 3 September 1979 | 7 June 1982 (deposed) | 2 years, 277 days | FROLINAT–FAP | Ngardoum (from 19 May 1982) | |
5 | Hissène Habré (1942–2021) | 1989 (referendum) | 7 June 1982 | 2 December 1990 ( ousted ) | 8 years, 178 days | FAN / UNIR | Ngardoum (until 19 June 1982) | |
6 | Idriss Déby (1952–2021) | 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 | 2 December 1990 | 20 April 2021 ( killed in action ) | 30 years, 139 days | Military / MPS | Bawoyeu Yodoyman Moungar Koumakoye Djimasta Ouaido Yamassoum Kabadi Faki Yoadimnadji Younousmi Koumakoye Abbas Nadingar Dadnadji Deubet Padacké | |
7 | Mahamat Déby (born 1984) | 2024 | 20 April 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 22 days | Military / MPS | Padacké Kebzabo Masra |
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mahamat Déby | Patriotic Salvation Movement | 3,784,360 | 61.03 | |
Succès Masra | Les Transformateurs | 1,149,199 | 18.53 | |
Albert Pahimi Padacké | National Rally for Democracy in Chad | 1,048,506 | 16.91 | |
Lydie Beassemda | Party for Democracy and Full Independence | 59,669 | 0.96 | |
Théophile Bongoro | Party for Rally and Equity in Chad | 46,847 | 0.76 | |
Alladoum Djarma | Chadian Socialist Action for Renewal | 33,798 | 0.55 | |
Brice Guedmbaye | Movement of Patriotic Chadians for the Republic | 27,883 | 0.45 | |
Yacine Abdramane Sakine | Reformist Party | 22,495 | 0.36 | |
Mansiri Lopsikréo | Les Élites | 15,188 | 0.24 | |
Djimasngar Nasra | A New Day | 12,756 | 0.21 | |
Total | 6,200,701 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 6,200,701 | 99.62 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 23,686 | 0.38 | ||
Total votes | 6,224,387 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 8,202,207 | 75.89 | ||
Source: Infos235 |
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa".
The politics of Chad take place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Chad is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Chad is one of the most corrupt countries in the world.
Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is an independent state at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. The landlocked country is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the southwest, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Chad has a population of 16 million, of which 1.6 million live in the capital and largest city of N'Djamena. With a total area of around 1,284,000 km2, Chad is the fifth-largest country in Africa and the twentieth largest nation by area in the world.
A military junta is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term junta means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808. The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form of government characterized by oligarchic military dictatorship, as distinguished from other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically strongman ; machine ; and bossism.
Idriss Déby Itno was a Chadian politician and military officer who was the 6th president of Chad from 1991 until his death in 2021 during the Northern Chad offensive. His term of office of more than 30 years makes him Chad's longest-serving president.
Moussa Faki Mahamat is a Chadian politician and diplomat who has been the elected Chairperson of the African Union Commission since 14 March 2017. Previously he was Prime Minister of Chad from 24 June 2003 to 4 February 2005 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2008 to January 2017. Faki, a member of the ruling Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), belongs to the Zaghawa ethnic group, the same group as the late President Idriss Déby.
Haroun Kabadi is a Chadian politician. He was Prime Minister of Chad from June 2002 to June 2003 and was the President of the National Assembly of Chad from June 2011 to April 2021.
Lol Mahamat Choua was a Chadian politician who served as his country's head of state for four months in 1979. He was the President of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) political party.
Mahamat Idriss "Kaka" Déby Itno is a Chadian politician and military officer who has been the 7th President of Chad since 2024. He gained power as the President of the Transitional Military Council on 20 April 2021 when his father, the late Chadian President Idriss Déby, died in action while commanding troops in the Northern Chad offensive. He previously served as the second in-command of the military for the Chadian Intervention in Northern Mali (FATIM).
The Front for Change and Concord in Chad, or FACT, is a political and military organisation created by SG Mahamat Mahdi Ali in March 2016 in Tanua, in the north of Chad, with the goal of overthrowing the government of Chad. It is a splinter group of the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD). Ali declared his preparation for military operations against President Idriss Déby. The group was responsible for the death of Déby in April 2021, when he was killed while commanding troops on the frontline fighting the militants.
The Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic is a Chadian militant rebel group that seeks to overthrow the government of Chad. Founded in 2016, it currently operates in the border regions of northern Chad, southern Libya, eastern Niger, and western Sudan. The CCMSR has become involved in the Second Libyan Civil War, and took control of the Kouri Bougoudi area in northern Chad in 2018.
The Northern Chad offensive was a military offensive in Northern Chad, initiated by the Chadian rebel group Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT), took place from 11 April to 9 May 2021. It began in the Tibesti Region in the north of the country following the 2021 Chadian presidential election.
The Transitional Military Council was a military junta that ruled Chad from 2021 to 2022. It announced the death of former President Idriss Déby on 20 April 2021, and declared that it would take charge of the government of Chad and continue hostilities against FACT rebels in the north of the country. It was chaired by Mahamat Idriss Déby, the son of the late President, making him the de facto President of Chad. It was dissolved on 10 October 2022, following a "national dialogue" that named Déby Transitional President and replaced the CMT with a transitional administration appointed by him.
In 2016, the Front for Change and Concord in Chad (FACT) and the Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic (CCMSR) began a rebellion against the Chadian government. From their rear bases in southern Libya, FACT and CCMSR have launched offensives and raids into Northern Chad seeking to overthrow the government of former president Idriss Déby, who had been in power since a December 1990 coup. Other rebel groups are also involved in the insurgency, though to a lesser extent.
Presidential elections were held in Chad on 6 May 2024. The elections followed a constitutional referendum held on 17 December 2023, following the death of President Idriss Déby in 2021. Incumbent transitional president Mahamat Déby, the son of Idriss Déby, ran as the candidate of the Patriotic Salvation Movement, winning the election leading to another extension of 34 years of rule by the Déby family.
Events in the year 2022 in Chad.
In October 2022, protests broke out across Chad after President Mahamat Déby declared his intentions to extend his rule by another two years instead of stepping down like he intended to when he took power. The protests were some of the most violent in the country's history, with hundreds of protesters being killed and thousands detained, injured, or arrested.
The National Transitional Council of Chad is the de facto government of Chad since 10 October 2022. The CNT replaces the Transitional Military Council and the dissolved National Assembly. It acts as an interim parliament for the country in its transition to democracy, tasked with preparations for elections in 2024. It is led by the Prime Minister of Chad.
A constitutional referendum in Chad was held on 17 December 2023 on a new constitution formulated following the death of President Idriss Déby in 2021. The draft had been approved by the National Transitional Council on 27 June 2023. Provisional results were announced on 24 December 2023, and they were validated by the Supreme Court of Chad on 28 December 2023.
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