List of members of the 20 July plot

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Carl Wentzel appearing before Judge Roland Freisler at the People's Court, 1944 Bundesarchiv Bild 151-53-30A, Volksgerichtshof, Carl Wentzel.jpg
Carl Wentzel appearing before Judge Roland Freisler at the People's Court, 1944

On 20 July 1944, Adolf Hitler and his top military associates entered the briefing hut of the Wolf's Lair military headquarters, a series of concrete bunkers and shelters located deep in the forest of East Prussia, not far from the location of the World War I Battle of Tannenberg. Soon after, an explosion killed three officers and a stenographer, injuring everyone else in the room. This assassination attempt was the work of Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, an aristocrat who had been severely wounded while serving in the North African theater of war, losing his right hand, left eye, and two fingers of his left hand. [1]

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The bomb plot was a carefully planned coup d'état attempt against the Nazi regime, orchestrated by a group of army officers. Their plan was to assassinate Hitler, seize power in Berlin, establish a new pro-Western government and save Germany from total defeat. [1]

Immediately after the arrest and execution of the plot leaders in Berlin by Friedrich Fromm, the Gestapo (the secret police force of Nazi Germany) began arresting people involved or suspected of being involved. This opportunity was also used to eliminate other, unrelated critics of the Nazi regime. [2] In total, an estimated 7,000 people were arrested of which approximately 4,980 were executed, some slowly strangled with piano wire on Hitler's insistence. A month after the failed attempt on Hitler's life, the Gestapo initiated Aktion Gitter. [3]

Some of those involved include:

PortraitNamePositionFateYear of death
No image.svg Otto Armster Colonel Survived1957
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-033-04, Ludwig Beck.jpg Ludwig Beck General and Chief of the General Staff of the German Army High Command Executed (Shot)1944
No image.svg Robert Bernardis Lieutenant Colonel Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff DiplomatExecuted (Firing squad)1945
Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schonhausen.jpg Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen Member of the Reichstag Survived1949
Hans-Jurgen Graf von Blumenthal.JPEG Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal Major Executed (Hanging)1944
Hasso von Boehmer.jpg Hasso von Boehmer Lieutenant Colonel Executed (Hanging)1945
Georg von Boeselager Colonel Killed in action1944
No image.svg Philipp von Boeselager Lieutenant Colonel Survived2008
Bolz stamp.jpg Eugen Bolz Member of the Reichstag Executed (Guillotine)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1987-074-16, Dietrich Bonhoeffer.jpg Dietrich Bonhoeffer TheologianExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Klaus Bonhoeffer LawyerExecuted (Shot)1945
Brucklmeier 200.jpg Eduard Brücklmeier DiplomatExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1994-022-32A, Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst.jpg Axel von dem Bussche Major Survived1993
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1979-013-43, Wilhelm Canaris.jpg Wilhelm Canaris Admiral and Head of the Abwehr Executed (Hanging)1945
Walter Cramer.JPEG Walter Cramer BusinessmanExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Gustav Dahrendorf Member of the Reichstag Survived1954
Alfred Delp Mannheim.jpg Alfred Delp PriestExecuted (Hanging)1945
Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten.jpg Heinrich zu Dohna-Schlobitten General Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Hans von Dohnanyi LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Fritz Elsas  [ de ]Deputy Mayor of Berlin Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Joseph Ersing  [ de ]Member of the Reichstag Survived1956
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R27580, Freiherr Alexander von Falkenhausen, SA-Fuhrer.jpg Alexander von Falkenhausen General Survived1966
Erich Fellgiebel.jpg Erich Fellgiebel General Executed (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1994-104-04, Eberhard Finckh.jpg Eberhard Finckh ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Reinhold Frank LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1969-168-07, Friedrich Fromm.jpg Friedrich Fromm General and Commander of the Replacement Army Executed (Firing squad)1945
No image.svg Joseph-Ernst Graf Fugger von Glött Member of the Reichstag Survived1981
No image.svg Ludwig Gehre Captain Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Otto Gerig  [ de ]Member of the Reichstag Executed (Concentration camp)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-130-51, Rudolf-Christoph v. Gersdorff.jpg Rudolf-Christoph von Gersdorff General Survived1980
Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F007686-0002, Bonn, Ordensverleihung an Dr. Eugen Gerstenmaier.png Eugen Gerstenmaier TheologianSurvived1986
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1968-100-04A, Otto Karl Gessler.jpg Otto Gessler Minister of Defence Survived1955
No image.svg Hans Bernd Gisevius DiplomatSurvived1974
No image.svg Eric Gloeden ArchitectExecuted (Guillotine)1944
No image.svg Elizabeth Gloeden TeacherExecuted (Guillotine)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1993-069-06, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler.jpg Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Mayor of Leipzig Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Fritz Goerdeler Mayor of Kwidzyn Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Gereon Goldmann PriestSurvived2003
No image.svg Nikolaus Gross JournalistExecuted (Hanging)1945
Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg.png Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg Colonel and journalistExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Hans Bernd von Haeften LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 146III-347, Werner Karl v. Haeften.jpg Werner von Haeften Lieutenant Executed (Firing squad)1944
No image.svg Albrecht von Hagen LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Nikolaus von Halem LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
Ehamm1929.jpg Eduard Hamm Minister of the Economy Suicide1944
No image.svg Georg Hansen ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Carl-Hans von Hardenberg MajorSurvived1958
No image.svg Ernst von Harnack Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B00277, Paul von Hase.jpg Paul von Hase General Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Ulrich von Hassell Ambassador of Germany to Italy Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Theodor Haubach Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Albrecht Haushofer DiplomatExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Egbert Hayessen MajorExecuted (Hanging)1944
Wolf Heinrich Graf von Helldorf.jpg Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff Member of the Reichstag and Chief of the Berlin Police Executed (Hanging)1944
Otto Herfurth.jpg Otto Herfurth General Executed (Hanging)1944
Fotothek df pk 0000079 059.jpg Andreas Hermes Minister of Finance Survived1964
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1971-068-10, Erich Hoepner.jpg Erich Hoepner General Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Caesar von Hofacker Lieutenant ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Roland von Hößlin MajorExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Friedrich Gustav Jaeger ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Hans John LawyerExecuted (Firing squad)1944
No image.svg Otto John LawyerSurvived1997
Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P001516, Jakob Kaiser.jpg Jakob Kaiser LawyerSurvived1961
No image.svg Otto Kiep DiplomatExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Hans Georg Klamroth MajorExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Friedrich Klausing CaptainExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin DiplomatExecuted (Hanging)1945
Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin 2009.jpg Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin LieutenantSurvived2013
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-139-14, Gunther v. Kluge.jpg Günther von Kluge Field Marshal Suicide1944
No image.svg Hans Koch LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Alfred Kranzfelder Lieutenant Commander Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Carl Langbehn LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Julius Leber Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort LandownerExecuted (Hanging)1944
Paul Lejeune-Jung Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod MajorExecuted (Hanging)1944
Rathausturm Koln - Letterhaus - Kraus (5946-48).jpg Bernhard Letterhaus Trade UnionistExecuted (Hanging)1944
Franz Leuninger.jpg Franz Leuninger Trade UnionistExecuted (Hanging)1945
Wilhelm Leuschner Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1944
Fritz Lindemann.jpg Fritz Lindemann General died of injuries in custody1944
No image.svg Hans Otfried von Linstow ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 102-01053A, Paul Lobe.jpg Paul Löbe Member of the Reichstag Survived1967
No image.svg Ewald Löser LawyerSurvived1970
Bundesarchiv Bild 151-52-31A, Volksgerichtshof, Ferdinand Freiherrr von Luninck.jpg Ferdinand von Lüninck Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1944
Hermann Maaß LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Rudolf von Marogna-Redwitz ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Landrat Dr. Graf Matuschka.jpg Michael von Matuschka Member of the Landtag of Prussia Executed (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Joachim Meichßner ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Albert Mertz von Quirnheim.jpg Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim ColonelExecuted (Firing squad)1944
Joseph Mueller (Priester).jpg Joseph Müller PriestExecuted (Guillotine)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 101III-Alber-096-34, Arthur Nebe.jpg Arthur Nebe General and Chief of Kriminalpolizei Executed (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Hans-Ulrich von Oertzen MajorSuicide1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-072-61, Friedrich Olbricht.jpg Friedrich Olbricht General Executed (Firing squad)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2004-0007, Hans Oster.jpg Hans Oster General Executed (Hanging)1945
Margarethe von Oven SecretarySurvived1991
Rolf Friedemann Pauls 003994048 (cropped).jpg Rolf Friedemann Pauls MajorSurvived2002
Erwin Planck.jpg Erwin Planck DiplomatExecuted (Hanging)1945
Kurt von Plettenberg (1930).jpg Kurt von Plettenberg LandownerSuicide1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H27728, Johannes Popitz.jpg Johannes Popitz Minister of Finance of Prussia Executed (Hanging)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1977-018-13A, Erwin Rommel(brighter).jpg Erwin Rommel Field Marshal Suicide (Forced)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-C05192, Friedrich v. Rabenau.jpg Friedrich von Rabenau General Executed (Hanging)1945
Reich-foto-0063.jpg Adolf Reichwein EconomistExecuted (Hanging)1944
Roene.png Alexis von Roenne ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Karl Sack GeneralExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Joachim Sadrozinski Lieutenant ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Anton Saefkow LawyerExecuted (Guillotine)1944
No image.svg Fabian von Schlabrendorff GeneralSurvived1980
Rüdiger Schleicher LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Ernst Schneppenhorst Ministers of War of Bavaria Executed (Hanging)1945
Werner Schrader.jpg Werner Schrader Lieutenant ColonelSuicide1944
Friedrich-Werner Erdmann Matthias Johann Bernhard Erich Graf von der Schulenburg.jpg Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg Ambassador of Germany to the Soviet UnionExecuted (Hanging)1944
Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg in the Volksgerichthof, 10 August 1944.jpg Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg Oberpräsident of the Province of Silesia Executed (Hanging)1944
Gedenkstein fur Staatsrat Schwamb (Ausschnitt).jpg Ludwig Schwamb Member of the Reichstag Executed (Hanging)1945
Schwerin Urlich-Wilhelm mit 24 Jahren (Okt. 1927).jpg Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld MajorExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Günther Smend Lieutenant ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2004-0024, Hans Speidel.jpg Hans Speidel GeneralSurvived1984
No image.svg Franz Sperr MajorExecuted (Hanging)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2008-0184, Berlin, Berthold Schenk Graf v. Stauffenberg.jpg Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg JudgeExecuted (Hanging)1944
VStauffenberg vQuirnheim.jpg Claus von Stauffenberg Leader of the plot and ColonelExecuted (Firing squad)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-146-1547-17, Hellmuth Stieff.jpg Hellmuth Stieff GeneralExecuted (Hanging)1944
Theodor Strünck LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1945
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R63893, Carl Heinrich von Stulpnagel.jpg Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel GeneralExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Carl Szokoll MajorSurvived2004
Fritz Thiele.jpg Fritz Thiele GeneralExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Busso Thoma MajorExecuted (Hanging)1945
No image.svg Georg Thomas GeneralSurvived1946
Karl Freiherr von Thungen.jpg Karl Freiherr von Thüngen GeneralExecuted (Firing squad)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-130-53, Henning v. Tresckow.jpg Henning von Tresckow GeneralSuicide1944
Adam von Trott zu Solz1943.jpg Adam von Trott zu Solz DiplomatExecuted (Firing squad)1944
Nikolaus von Uxkull.jpg Nikolaus von Üxküll-Gyllenband ColonelExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-041-16A, Eduard Wagner.jpg Eduard Wagner GeneralSuicide1944
No image.svg Hermann Josef Wehrle PriestExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 151-53-30A, Volksgerichtshof, Carl Wentzel.jpg Carl Wentzel LandownerExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Joachim von Willisen DiplomatSurvived1983
Josef-Wirmer.jpg Josef Wirmer LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1978-043-13, Erwin v. Witzleben.jpg Erwin von Witzleben Field MarshalExecuted (Hanging)1944
No image.svg Peter Yorck von Wartenburg LawyerExecuted (Hanging)1944
Gustav Heistermann von Ziehlberg GeneralExecuted (Firing squad)1945

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 How Hitler's Bodyguard Worked 2015.
  2. ↑ The Fatal Attraction of Adolf Hitler 2015.
  3. ↑ Shirer 1960, p. 1393.

Sources

Printed

  • Shirer, William (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN   978-0-671-62420-0.
  • Hoffmann, Peter (1996). History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945. Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN   9780773566408.

Online

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