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The Official Irish Republican Army or Official IRA was an Irish republican paramilitary group whose goal was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a "workers' republic" encompassing all of Ireland. It emerged in December 1969, shortly after the beginning of the Troubles, when the Irish Republican Army (IRA) split into two factions. The other was the Provisional IRA. Each continued to call itself simply "the IRA" and rejected the other's legitimacy.
Ruairí Ó Brádaigh was an Irish republican political and military leader. He was Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) from 1958 to 1959 and again from 1960 to 1962, president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983, and president of Republican Sinn Féin from 1987 to 2009.
The 1981 Irish hunger strike was the culmination of a five-year protest during the Troubles by Irish republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. The protest began as the blanket protest in 1976, when the British government withdrew Special Category Status for convicted paramilitary prisoners. In 1978, the dispute escalated into the dirty protest, where prisoners refused to leave their cells to wash and covered the walls of their cells with excrement. In 1980, seven prisoners participated in the first hunger strike, which ended after 53 days.
Events from the year 1923 in Ireland.
Events from the year 1922 in Ireland.
Events from the year 1920 in Ireland.
Dáithí Ó Conaill was an Irish republican, a member of the IRA Army Council of the Provisional IRA, and vice-president of Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin. He was also the first chief of staff of the Continuity IRA, from its founding in 1986 until his death in 1991. He is credited with introducing the car bomb to Northern Ireland.
Raymond McCreesh was an Irish volunteer in the South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). In 1976, he and two other IRA volunteers were captured while attempting to ambush a British Army observation post. McCreesh was one of the ten Irish republicans who died during the 1981 Irish hunger strike in the Maze Prison.
Thomas McElwee was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer who participated in the 1981 hunger strike. From Bellaghy, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, he died at the age of 23 after 62 days on hunger strike.
Pádraig Oliver McKearney was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) paramilitary. He was killed during a British Army ambush at Loughgall, County Armagh in May 1987, aged 32. He had 15 years of service as an IRA Volunteer when he was shot dead at Loughgall, making him one of the most experienced IRA Volunteers ever killed by British forces.
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Michael Gaughan was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) hunger striker who died in 1974 in Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight, England.
Billy McKee was an Irish republican and a founding member and leader of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
Brendan Hughes, also known as "The Dark", and "Darkie" was a leading Irish republican and former Officer Commanding (OC) of the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). He was the leader of the 1980 Irish hunger strike.
Tommy McKearney is a former Irish volunteer in the Provisional Irish Republican Army who took part in the 1980 hunger strike.
The Belfast Brigade of the Provisional IRA was the largest of the organisation's brigades, based in the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Michael Fitzgerald also known as Mick Fitzgerald, was among the first members of the Irish Republican Army and played a significant role in organising it. He rose to the rank of Commandant, Officer Commanding (OC) in the First Battalion, Cork Number 2 Brigade. He died during the 1920 Cork hunger strike at Cork Gaol. Fitzgerald led 65 men in the hunger strike which was in protest at their detention without being either charged or convicted of any crime. The hunger strike is credited with bringing additional world-wide attention to the Irish cause for independence.
Seán Mac Stíofáin was an English-born chief of staff of the Provisional IRA, a position he held between 1969 and 1972.
Declan Arthurs was a Volunteer in the Provisional IRA's (IRA), East Tyrone Brigade in the mid-1980s. He was killed in the Loughgall ambush.
Leo Martin (1937–2011) was a founder of the Provisional IRA in Belfast and a prominent figure in The Troubles.
References
- ↑ "Four To Be Hanged For Irish Ambush; Fifth Prisoner Convicted by Court-Martial Gets Life Sentence on Account of His Age". New York Times. 12 March 1921
- ↑ Hopkinson, Michael. The Irish War of Independence. Dublin: McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, 2002. ISBN 0-7735-2840-7
- ↑ Neligan, David. The Spy in the Castle. London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968.
- ↑ Harrington, Sean. Reminiscences of Sean Harrington: War of Independence Veteran. CBL Services Ltd, 2006.
- ↑ Coogan, Tim Pat. The IRA. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. ISBN 0-312-29416-6
- ↑ Maguire, John (2004). "Internment, the IRA and the Lawless Case in Ireland: 1957-61" (PDF). Journal of the Oxford History Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2007.
- ↑ Staunton, Enda. The Nationalists of Northern Ireland 1918-1973. Dublin: Columba Press, 2001. ISBN 1-85607-328-9
- ↑ CAIN: Peter Heathwood Collection of Television Programmes - 1993 - BBC Northern Ireland News 10 September 1993
- ↑ "Vol. Fergal Caraher - South Armagh Memorial Garden". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
- ↑ "News | an Phoblacht".
- 1 2 Tírghrá, National Commemoration Centre, 2002. PB ISBN 0-9542946-0-2
- ↑ McDonald, Henry (29 October 2002). "True tale of IRA 'martyrs' revealed". The Observer. Retrieved 17 May 2007.
- ↑ Don Malhi (21 November 2004). "Brum's IRA Bombers". Birmingham Metro. Archived from the original on 16 March 2005. Retrieved 21 July 2007.