List of most distant stars

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This is a list of the most distant individually seen stars discovered.

List

List of most distant individually seen stars.
StarRedshiftDistance (Mpc)DiscoveryNotes
WHL0137-LS (Earendel)6.2±0.1 [1] 8,6002022The most distant known star as of 2023.
star-1 4.8 [2] 7,8302023
star-2
Unnamed blue supergiant 2.65 [3] 6,1102022
Godzilla 2.38 [4] 5,7802022The most luminous known star.
Quyllur 2.1878 [5] 5,5402023First red supergiant at cosmological distances.
Mothra 2.091 [6] 5,4002023A binary consisting of a yellow supergiant and a B-type star.
MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 1.49 [7] 4,4102018The most distant known star prior to the discovery of Earendel.
SDSS J1229+1122 0.000127172013

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">MACS0647-JD</span> The farthest known galaxy from the Earth in the constellation Camelopardalis

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN Refsdal</span> Supernova that has been lensed

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4598</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Circumplanetary disk</span> Accumulation of matter around a planet

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">DS Tucanae</span> Binary star system in the constellation of Tucana

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WHL0137-LS</span> Most distant known star, discovered 2022

WHL0137-LS, also known as Earendel, is a star located in the constellation of Cetus. Discovered in 2022 by the Hubble Space Telescope, it is the earliest and most distant known star, at a comoving distance of 28 billion light-years. The previous furthest known star, MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1, also known as Icarus, at a comoving distance of 14.4 billion light-years, was discovered by Hubble in 2018. Stars like Earendel can be observed at cosmological distances thanks to the large magnification factors afforded by gravitational lensing, which can exceed 1000. Other stars have been observed through this technique, such as Godzilla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godzilla (star)</span> Star in the Sunburst galaxy

Godzilla is a variable star in the Sunburst galaxy at redshift z = 2.37, observed through the gravitational lens PSZ1 G311.65-18.48. It was originally identified in the NW arc as a possible transient event in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunburst galaxy</span> Galaxy

The Sunburst galaxy is a strongly magnified galaxy at redshift z=2.38 behind the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48. The cluster acts as a power magnifier thanks to the gravitational lensing effect. The galaxy cluster distorts the space around it creating different paths for the photons coming from the Sunburst galaxy. This lensing creates four arc segment roughly following a circle around the foreground lensing cluster. Chance alignments of the Sunburst Galaxy and galaxies in the lensing cluster breaks up some of the arc segments into multiple smaller images, creating a total of 12 full or partial images of the galaxy along the arc; some of these images are magnified by very large factors. In one of these strongly magnified images of the Sunburst galaxy, astronomers have identified the most luminous star known to date, Godzilla.

F200DB-045 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 20.4, corresponding to 168 million years after the Big Bang. If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z13</span> High-redshift galaxy in Sculptor constellation

UNCOVER-z13 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project on November 14, 2023. UNCOVER-z13 is within Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z12</span> Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sculptor

UNCOVER-z12 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project in November 2023. UNCOVER-z12 is within the Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor. It is the 5th-most distant object ever discovered as of 2024, and is estimated to be 32.21 giga-lightyears from Earth.

References

  1. ↑ Welch, Brian; Coe, Dan; Diego, Jose M.; Zitrin, Adi; Zackrisson, Erik; Dimauro, Paola; Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda; Kelly, Patrick; Mahler, Guillaume; Oguri, Masamune; Timmes, F. X.; Windhorst, Rogier; Florian, Michael; de Mink, S. E.; Avila, Roberto J. (March 2023). "A highly magnified star at redshift 6.2". Nature. 603 (7903): 815–818. arXiv: 2209.14866 . doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04449-y. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   35354998. S2CID   247842625.
  2. ↑ Meena, Ashish Kumar; Zitrin, Adi; Jiménez-Teja, Yolanda; Zackrisson, Erik; Chen, Wenlei; Coe, Dan; Diego, Jose M.; Dimauro, Paola; Furtak, Lukas J.; Kelly, Patrick L.; Oguri, Masamune; Welch, Brian; Abdurro’uf; Andrade-Santos, Felipe; Adamo, Angela (February 2023). "Two Lensed Star Candidates at z ≃ 4.8 behind the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0647.7+7015". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 944 (1): L6. arXiv: 2211.13334 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...944L...6M. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb645 . hdl: 10810/61038 . ISSN   2041-8205.
  3. ↑ Chen, Wenlei; Kelly, Patrick L.; Treu, Tommaso; Wang, Xin; Roberts-Borsani, Guido; Keen, Allison; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Zhou, Rui; Bradac, Marusa; Brammer, Gabriel; Strait, Victoria; Broadhurst, Tom J.; Diego, Jose M.; Frye, Brenda L.; Meena, Ashish K. (1 December 2022). "Early Results from GLASS-JWST. VIII. An Extremely Magnified Blue Supergiant Star at Redshift 2.65 in the A2744 Cluster Field". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 940 (2): L54. arXiv: 2207.11658 . Bibcode:2022ApJ...940L..54C. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac9585 . hdl: 10810/59535 . ISSN   2041-8205.
  4. ↑ Diego, J. M.; Pascale, M.; Kavanagh, B. J.; Kelly, P.; Dai, L.; Frye, B.; Broadhurst, T. (1 September 2022). "Godzilla, a monster lurks in the Sunburst galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 665: A134. arXiv: 2203.08158 . Bibcode:2022A&A...665A.134D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243605 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   247476158.
  5. ↑ Diego, J. M.; Meena, A. K.; Adams, N. J.; Broadhurst, T.; Dai, L.; Coe, D.; Frye, B.; Kelly, P.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Pascale, M.; Willner, S. P.; Zackrisson, E.; Zitrin, A.; Windhorst, R. A.; Cohen, S. H. (1 April 2023). "JWST's PEARLS: A new lens model for ACT-CL J0102−4915, "El Gordo," and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 672: A3. arXiv: 2210.06514 . Bibcode:2023A&A...672A...3D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245238. ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   252873244.
  6. ↑ Diego, Jose M.; Sun, Bangzheng; Yan, Haojing; Furtak, Lukas J.; Zackrisson, Erik; Dai, Liang; Kelly, Patrick; Nonino, Mario; Adams, Nathan; Meena, Ashish K.; Willner, Steven P.; Zitrin, Adi; Cohen, Seth H.; D’Silva, Jordan C. J.; Jansen, Rolf A. (1 November 2023). "JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z = 2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 679: A31. arXiv: 2307.10363 . Bibcode:2023A&A...679A..31D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347556 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   259991552.
  7. ↑ Kelly, Patrick L.; Diego, Jose M.; Rodney, Steven; Kaiser, Nick; Broadhurst, Tom; Zitrin, Adi; Treu, Tommaso; Pérez-González, Pablo G.; Morishita, Takahiro; Jauzac, Mathilde; Selsing, Jonatan; Oguri, Masamune; Pueyo, Laurent; Ross, Timothy W.; Filippenko, Alexei V. (April 2018). "Extreme magnification of an individual star at redshift 1.5 by a galaxy-cluster lens". Nature Astronomy. 2 (4): 334–342. arXiv: 1706.10279 . Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..334K. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0430-3. ISSN   2397-3366. S2CID   256703331.
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