The following ancient Chinese states were parts of the geopolitical milieu during the Zhou dynasty of early China, during one or more of its main chronological subdivisions: the Western Zhou period, Spring and Autumn period, and Warring States period. Listed below are the names of various polities, the aristocratic houses and lineages of their ruling families, locations relative to modern Chinese geography, noble titles of the rulers, start and end years, and conquerors.
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou (西周) | Ji (姬姓) | Nominal rule over all under Heaven, directly controlling the capital of Fenghao, Zongzhou (present Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), Luoyi, Chengzhou (present Luoyang, Henan Province), and nearby areas. | King (Son of Heaven) | 1046–771 BCE | Shen, Quanrong | Basic Annals of Zhou |
| Eastern Zhou (东周) | Ji | Nominal rule (loosely) over all under Heaven, in reality only controlling a small area around the capital city of Luoyi (present Luoyang) | King (Son of Heaven) | 770–256 BCE | Qin | Basic Annals of Zhou |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | Yíng and Zhao [1] | South central Shaanxi Province and eastern Gansu Province; later expanded into Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Henan Province, western Hubei Province, and other areas. Unified in 221 BCE. |
| Approximately 900–206 BCE | Western Chu Hegemon-King Xiang Yu and Emperor Gaozu of Han | Basic Annals of Qin (秦本纪), Chronicles of the First Emperor (始皇本纪) |
| Wey (衛) | Ji (姬姓) and | Qi County and Puyang City, Henan Province | Hou, Jun (renamed 330 BCE) | 1040–209 BCE | Qin | 《卫康叔世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Yue | Si | Along Zhejiang Province Conquered by Qin Dynasty in 222 BCE, 建閩中郡, 秦亡後受漢朝封為Minyue, 東甌二國 | Zi (自称为Wang) | c. 20th century BCE–222 BCE | Qin, (222－111 BCE 為閩越, 東甌二國, 皆亡於Han dynasty) | 《越王勾践世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Yan (燕) | Ji (姬姓) and 燕氏 | Southern Liaoning Province, Beijing, Tianjin, Northern Hebei Province | Hou, Wang (323 BCE 起自稱) | 1046–222 BCE | Qin | 《燕召公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Chu | 芈姓 熊氏 | Hubei Province, Henan Province南部, 后扩张至Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Jiangsu Province, parts of Zhejiang Province | Zi (704 BCE 起自称为 Wang) | 建於商代, 1046 BCE受封–223 BCE | Qin | 《楚世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Lu | Ji (姬姓) and 魯氏 | Shandong Province 曲阜市 | Hou | 1046–256 BCE | Chu | 《鲁周公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Song | 子姓 and Song (宋氏) | Henan Province Shangqiu, 通許縣一帶 | Gong, Wang (323 BCE 起自称) | 1040–286 BCE | 田氏齊國, 魏國, Chu | 《宋微子世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Jin, originally known as Tang | Ji (姬姓) and 晉氏 | Shanxi Province, Henan Province北部, Shaanxi Province東部, Hebei Province西部一帶 | Hou | 1033–349 BCE | 韓國, 趙國, 魏國(三家分晉) | 《晉世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Zheng | Ji (姬姓) and 鄭氏 | Shaanxi Province 華縣 後遷Henan Province 新鄭市 | Bo | 806–375 BCE | 韓國 | 《鄭世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Qi, historically known as Tian Qi | Jiang (姜姓) 吕氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou | 1046–386 BCE | 田氏齊國 | 《齐太公世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Cai | Ji (姬姓) and Cai (蔡氏) | Henan Province 新蔡縣 | Hou | 1046–447 BCE | Chu | 《管蔡世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Wu | Ji (姬姓) and 姑发氏 | Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province東部一帶 | Zi (自称为Wang) | 1096–473 BCE | 越國 | 《吴太伯世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Chen | 媯姓 陳氏 | Henan Province 淮陽县 | Hou | 1046–478 BCE | Chu | 《陳杞世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Cao | Ji (姬姓) and Cao (曹氏) | Shandong Province, Dingtao district西南 | Bo | 1046–487 BCE | Song | 《管蔡世家》 Zuo Zhuan |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 魷國(魚國) | 儿姓 | 鱼复(今重庆奉节白帝城) | Bo | ? －612 BCE | Chu |
| 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | Sichuan Province東部一帶 | Zi | 1046 BCE–316 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 蜀國 | 杜姓, 开明氏 | Sichuan Province中部一帶 | 沒有臣服于中原王朝, 所以沒有爵位. 後代君主稱"帝". | ? －316 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 沈國 | Ji (姬姓) 沈氏 | Henan Province 平輿縣 射桥镇古城村, Anhui Province 臨泉縣一帶 | Zi | 1040 BCE–506 BCE | 蔡國 |
| 六國(錄國) | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province 六安市北 | Bo | 1046 BCE–622 BCE | Chu |
| 英國 | Yan(偃)英氏 | Anhui Province六安市 | 1046 BCE–646 BCE | Chu | |
| 桐國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province 桐城市 | Chu | ||
| 養國 | 嬴姓 | Anhui Province 临泉县 杨桥镇 | Bo | ? －528 BCE | Chu |
| 蕭國 | 子姓蕭氏 | Anhui Province 蕭縣西北 | Hou | ? －579 BCE | Chu |
| 舒國 | Yan(偃)舒氏 | Anhui Province 舒城縣池鄉 | Zi | 1046 BCE–657 BCE | 徐國 |
| 舒庸國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province舒城縣 | 1046 BCE–574 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒鳩國 | Yan(偃) | Anhui Province舒城縣 | 1046 BCE–548 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒蓼國(蓼國) | Yan(偃) | Henan Province 固始縣, Anhui Province 霍邱縣一帶 | 1046 BCE–601 BCE | Chu | |
| 舒龍國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 舒龔國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 舒鮑國 | Yan(偃) | 1046 BCE– | Chu | ||
| 宗國 | Yan(偃)宗氏 | Anhui Province舒城縣, 廬江縣一帶 | Chu | ||
| 巢國 | Yan(偃)巢氏 | Anhui Province 巢湖市 | Bo | ? －518 BCE | 吳國 |
| 皖國 | Yan(偃) (一说夏姓) | Anhui Province 潜山县 | Bo | 1046 BCE–? | Chu |
| 廬國 | Anhui Province 合肥市 | Zi | 1046 BCE–? | Chu | |
| 鍾離國 | 嬴姓鍾離氏 | Anhui Province 鳳陽縣 | Zi | Chu | |
| 州來國 | Anhui Province 鳳台縣 | Chu | |||
| 南胡國 | Gui(媯姓)Hu(胡氏) | Anhui Province 阜陽市 | Zi | ? －496 BCE | Chu |
| 越章国 | 芈姓熊氏 | Anhui Province 铜陵市, 义安区一带. | Zi | 880 BCE–? | |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han (邗) | Jiangsu Province 揚州市東南 | 1046 BCE–? | |||
| 鍾吾國 | Jiangsu Province 宿遷市 | Zi | ? －518 BCE | 吳國 | |
| 彭國 | 彭氏 | Jiangsu Province徐州市 | |||
| 徐國 | 嬴姓徐氏 | Shandong Province郯城縣, Jiangsu Province徐州市 | Hou, Zi(曾自稱Wang) | ? －512 BCE | 吳國 |
| 奄国 | Jiangsu Province 常州市 武进区 | 春秋早期－? | 吳國 | ||
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肥國 | Hebei Province 藁城縣一帶 | ? －530 BCE | Jin | ||
| 鼓國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province 晉州市西 | ? －521 BCE | Jin | |
| 邢國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province 邢台市 | Hou | 1040 BCE–635 BCE | 衛國, Jin |
| 代國 | 子姓 | Hebei Province西北 | 趙國 |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 孤竹國 | 子姓墨胎氏 | 遼宁省朝陽市西南 | Hou | 商代初期－664 BCE | Yan, Qi |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 箕國 | 子姓 | 朝鮮半島北部 | Hou | 周代初期－漢代初期 | 衛氏朝鮮 |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鮮虞國 | Ji (姬姓) | ? －506 BCE(重建為中山國) | Jin | ||
| 義渠國 | 義渠 | 商代－272 BCE | Qin | ||
| 燕京戎 | Shanxi Province 靜樂縣, 祁縣, 介休市一帶 | Zhou Dynasty | |||
| 綿諸國 | Qin | ||||
| 山戎 | 齐國 | ||||
| 陸渾戎 | ? －525 BCE | Jin | |||
| 伊洛戎 | 韩国, 魏国 | ||||
| 犬戎 [3] | Qin | ||||
| 西戎 | Qin | ||||
| 戎蠻(蠻氏, 曼氏) | Henan Province 汝阳縣东南, 临汝縣西南 | Zi | ? －491 BCE | Chu | |
| 白狄 | Ji (姬姓) | Jin | |||
| 赤狄 | Jin | ||||
| 長狄 | 漆姓 | Jin | |||
| 仇由 | ? －5th century BCE | Jin | |||
| 甲氏 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 鐸辰 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 留吁 | 媿姓 | ? －593 BCE | Jin | ||
| 嗇咎如 | 媿姓 | ? －588 BCE | Jin | ||
| 潞氏(東山皋落氏) | 媿姓 | Shanxi Province 潞城縣東北 | Zi | 604 BCE–594 BCE | Jin |
| 茅戎 | Jin | ||||
| 鄋瞒 | ? －594 BCE | Jin | |||
| 無終國 | Qi | ||||
| 令支國 | Yan | ||||
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qin | 嬴姓秦氏 [1] | Shaanxi Province中南部, 甘肅省東部, Sichuan Province, 重庆市, Henan Province西部, Hubei Province西部等地区. 221 BCE统一全国. | 仲, Bo(770 BCE受封), Wang(325 BCE起自稱), 帝(288 BCE自稱西"帝", 尊齊為東"帝", 後取消), 皇帝(221 BCE统一全国後改称) | 770 BCE–206 BCE | Western Chu |
| Yan(燕) | Ji (姬姓)燕氏 | 遼寧省南部, 北京市, 天津市, Hebei Province北部一帶 | Hou, Wang(323 BCE起自稱) | 1046 BCE–221 BCE | Qin |
| Chu | 羋姓熊氏 | Hubei Province, 湖南省北部, Anhui Province西部, 江西省西部, Henan Province南部一帶, 后扩张至Jiangsu Province和浙江省 | Zi, Wang(704 BCE起自称) | 建於商代, 1046 BCE受封－223 BCE | Qin |
| 趙國 | 嬴姓趙氏 [1] [4] | Hebei Province西部, Shanxi Province北部, 內蒙古自治區南部一帶 | Hou, Wang(296 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–222 BCE | Qin |
| 魏國 | Ji (姬姓)魏氏 | Shanxi Province南部, Henan Province北部和陝西東部, Hebei Province部分地區 | Hou, Wang(344 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–225 BCE | Qin |
| 韓國 | Ji (姬姓)韓氏 | Henan Province一帶 | Hou, Wang(324 BCE起自称) | 403 BCE–230 BCE | Qin |
| 齊國 | 媯姓田氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou, Wang(334 BCE起自称) | 386 BCE–221 BCE | Qin |
| Name of state | Family | Present location | Title | Start and end year | Conqueror | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qi(史称[[姜Qi]]) | Jiang (姜姓)呂氏 | Shandong Province東部, Hebei Province南部一帶 | Hou | 1046 BCE–379 BCE | 田氏齊國 | |
| Lu | Ji (姬姓)魯氏 | Shandong Province曲阜市 | Hou | 1046 BCE–256 BCE | Chu | |
| 蔡國 | Ji (姬姓)蔡氏 | Henan Province新蔡縣, 上蔡縣一帶 | Hou | 1046 BCE–447 BCE | Chu | |
| 衞國 | Ji (姬姓)衞氏 | Henan Province淇縣, 濮陽市一帶 | Hou, Jun(330 BCE起改稱) | 1040 BCE–209 BCE | Qin | |
| Song | 子姓宋氏, 子姓戴氏 | Henan Province商丘市, 通許縣一帶 | Gong, Wang(323 BCE起自称) | 1040 BCE–286 BCE | 田氏齊國, 魏國, Chu | |
| Jin | Ji (姬姓)晉氏 | Shanxi Province, Henan Province北部, Shaanxi Province東部和Hebei Province東部一帶 | Hou | 1033 BCE–349 BCE | 韓國, 趙國, 魏國(三家分晉) | |
| 越國 | Si (姒) | 以浙江省為中心, 曾經達到Shandong Province南部和福建省北部 | Zi, Wang(自称) | 2032 BCE–222 BCE | Qin | |
| 鄭國 | Ji (姬姓)鄭氏 | Henan Province新鄭市 | Bo | 806 BCE–375 BCE | 韓國 | |
| 杞國 | Si (姒)杞氏 | Henan Province杞縣 | Bo | 1046 BCE–445 BCE | Chu | |
| 邾國(鄒國) | 曹姓朱氏 | Shandong Province鄒城市 | Zi | 1046 BCE–281 BCE | Chu | |
| 薛國 | 任姓薛氏 | Shandong Province枣莊市薛城 | Hou | 夏代－298 BCE | 田氏齐国, 魏國 | |
| 郳國(小邾國, 小邾婁國) | 曹姓郳氏 一說顔姓 | Shandong Province滕州市東 | Zi | 8th century BCE, 653 BCE改國號－325 BCE | Chu | |
| 滕國 | Ji (姬姓)滕氏 | Shandong Province滕州市 | Hou, 又稱Zi | 1046 BCE–297 BCE | Song | |
| 莒国 | 己姓莒氏 | Shandong Province莒县 | Zi | 1046 BCE–431 BCE | Chu | |
| 任國 | 风姓任氏 | Shandong Province濟寧市 | 鲁国 | |||
| 郯國 | 己姓 | Shandong Province郯城縣西南 | Zi | ? －414 BCE | Chu(一說是越國) | |
| 費國 | 季姓費氏 | Shandong Province费县 | 鲁国 | |||
| 邳國 | 任姓 | Jiangsu Province邳州市 | 夏代－? | Chu | ||
| 中山國 | Ji (姬姓) | Hebei Province中部太行山东麓一带 | Wang(323 BCE自稱) | ? －296 BCE | 魏國, 趙國 | |
| 蜀國 | Sichuan Province中部一帶 | 未臣服于中原王朝, 故無爵位, 後世稱「帝」 | ? －316 BCE | Qin | ||
| 巴國 | Ji (姬姓) | 重庆市以及Sichuan Province東部部分地区 | Zi | ? －316 BCE | Qin | |
| 苴國 | Sichuan Province 廣元市 | 被蜀国封为Hou | 368 BCE–316 BCE | Qin | ||
| 安陵國 | Ji (姬姓) | Henan Province鄢陵县西北 | Jun | Qin | ||
Ma Chao (176–222), courtesy name Mengqi, was a Chinese military general and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. A descendant of the general Ma Yuan, Ma Chao was the eldest son of Ma Teng, a prominent warlord in Liang Province. In 211, he formed a coalition with Han Sui and other northwestern warlords and revolted against the Han central government, which was led by the warlord Cao Cao. The coalition broke up after losing the Battle of Tong Pass against Cao Cao's forces. Ma Chao initially retreated, but later returned to attack and seize control of Liang Province by killing the provincial inspector Wei Kang and forcing Wei Kang's subordinates to submit to him. About a year after Ma Chao started his uprising, Emperor Xian issued an imperial decree ordering the execution of Ma Chao's family members, who were in Ye city at the time. In the meantime, Wei Kang's subordinates, led by Zhao Ang, Yang Fu and others, rebelled against Ma Chao and forced him out of Liang Province. Ma Chao retreated to Hanzhong Commandery, where he borrowed troops from the warlord Zhang Lu, and returned to attack Liang Province but was ultimately defeated and driven back. Ma Chao took shelter under Zhang Lu for a while until around 214, when he heard that the warlord Liu Bei was fighting for control over Yi Province with Yi Province's governor, Liu Zhang. He defected to Liu Bei's side and assisted Liu Bei in capturing Yi Province from Liu Zhang. Ma Chao had served as a general under Liu Bei since then and participated in the Hanzhong Campaign in 219. He died in 222.
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, alternatively translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt during the late Eastern Han dynasty of ancient China. The uprising broke out in c. March 184 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ling. Although the main rebellion was suppressed by 185 CE, it took 21 years for full suppression of resistant areas and emerging rebellions by 205 CE. The weakening of the imperial court and the rising political influence of ultra-autonomous regional military-governors, who helped suppress the rebellion, eventually led to rampant warlord dominance and the resultant Three Kingdoms period.
Taishi Ci (166–206), courtesy name Ziyi, was a Chinese military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He had served as a minor Han official, before eventually coming to serve warlords Liu Yao, Sun Ce, and Sun Ce's successor Sun Quan.
Guo Wei, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Zhou (周太祖), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Later Zhou dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 951 until his death in 954.
Gun, also known as Count of Chong, is a figure in Chinese mythology, sometimes noted as the father of Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty. Gun was appointed to the task of controlling the Great Flood by Emperor Yao on the advice of the Four Mountains. Gun used dykes to try to stop the flooding but the dykes collapsed, killing many people.
Meng Yi was a Chinese military general and politician. As an official of the Qin dynasty, he served in the court of Qin Shi Huang. He was a younger brother of the general Meng Tian. After Qin Shi Huang's death, Meng Yi and his brother were executed by Qin Er Shi on the urging of Zhao Gao.
Sima Fang (149–219), courtesy name Jiangong or Wenyu, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. Through his second son Sima Yi, he was an ancestor of the ruling Sima clan of the Jin dynasty (266–420) of China.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Sun clan, who ruled the state of Eastern Wu (229–280), in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), in China.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Liu clan, who ruled the state of Shu Han (221-263) in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in China. They were related to the House of Liu, the imperial clan of the Han dynasty.
This article contains the family trees of members of the Cao clan, who ruled the state of Cao Wei (220–265) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Only Cao Cao's lineage is shown in this article. The lineages of his relatives, such as Cao Ren, Cao Zhen and others, are not included here.
Sima Yi (179–251) was a general, politician and regent of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Two of his sons, Sima Shi (208–255) and Sima Zhao (211–265), rose to power in the 250s and consecutively served as regents throughout the reigns of the last three Wei emperors. After Sima Zhao died in September 265, his son Sima Yan (236–290) forced the last Wei ruler, Cao Huan (246–303), to abdicate the throne in his favour in February 266, ending the Wei regime and establishing the Jin dynasty (266–420). This article contains the family trees of Sima Yi, his brothers, and their descendants up to Sima Yan's generation. For more details on the family trees of the Jin emperors, see Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu.
The Battle of Handan began in 259 BC and concluded in 257 BC, during which the garrison of Handan, the capital city of Zhao, joined by the allied force of Wei and Chu, defeated the invading army of Qin. It was one of the most remarkable failures of the Qin army after the Reform of Shang Yang.
Yao Xiang (331?–357), courtesy name Jingguo, posthumously honored Prince Wu of Wei, was an ethnic Qiang warlord during the Sixteen Kingdoms and Jin dynasty (266–420) in Chinese history. He was the fifth son and heir of the Later Zhao general Yao Yizhong. After the destruction of Zhao and the death of Yizhong in 352, he went south to serve under the Jin dynasty. However, due to animosity between him and the Jin commander, Yin Hao, he broke away and roved the Central Plains to establish a base while fighting against Jin and the Former Qin. Although he suffered major losses from time to time, his charismatic personality allowed him to win and keep the support of the people wherever he went. In the end, he was killed in an ambush in 357 while fighting Qin forces at Sanyuan. After his death, his brother, Yao Chang, surrendered to Qin and became one of its generals. In 384, he rebelled and established the Later Qin, posthumously honouring Yao Xiang as a prince in the process.
Deng Qiang was a Chinese military general of the Former Qin dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He came to prominence during the reign of Fu Sheng when he helped defeat and kill the Qiang warlord Yao Xiang, but for most of his career he would serve Sheng's successor, Fu Jian. He was a leading figure in the rise of Former Qin, along with Wang Meng, as he led Fu Jian's army to victory against Zhang Ping and Former Yan. He stamped out corruption in the government and put down the rebellions of Fu Jian's relatives and Zhang Yu (張育). He and his peer Zhang Ci were known as the "Enemies of Ten Thousands (萬人敵)", a title previously held by the generals Guan Yu and Zhang Fei during the end of the Han dynasty.
Fu Xiong, courtesy name Yuancai, originally named Pu Xiong (蒲雄), was a Di military general of Former Zhao and Former Qin during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was the father of Fu Jiān, the third ruler of Former Qin. During the confusion following Shi Hu's death, he served as a general under his father Pu Hong, and during the reign of his brother Fu Jiàn, he was given the role of Prime Minister. Fu Xiong's biggest contribution to the state was when he repelled a major invasion from the Grand Marshal of Jin, Huan Wen, at the Battle of Bailu Plain in 354. After Fu Jiān killed Fu Sheng and took the throne in 357, he was posthumously honoured as Emperor Wenhuan.
Yang Ding was a ruler of Chouchi and a military general of Former Qin during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. His family was a part of the Yang clan that ruled Chouchi but fled to Former Qin after they failed to usurp their relatives' throne. Yang Ding became the son-in-law of Qin's ruler, Fu Jian, and after the Battle of Feishui, he became one of the state's most powerful supporters up to its destruction in 394. However, he also took advantage of Qin's period of weakness by restoring the Chouchi state in 385, which had been conquered by Qin in 371. His reign is seen as the start of Later Chouchi (後仇池).
Chen An, courtesy name Huhou, was a Chinese military general and warlord of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Han-Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. During the aftermath of the Disaster of Yongjia in northern China, Chen An became a favored general of the Jin prince Sima Bao in Qinzhou, but an assassination attempt on him made by one of Bao's subordinates in 315 prompted him to declare independence in Longcheng. He submitted to the Zhao state in 319 but then rebelled in 322, declaring himself the King of Liang. His reign was short-lived, as he was defeated and executed by Zhao forces the following year.
Yang Nandi was a ruler of Chouchi during the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was the son of Yang Maosou who founded Chouchi in 296. During his reign, attacks on Chouchi by Former Zhao and Cheng-Han became more frequent. Nandi met these with mixed results, sometimes having to resort to vassalage, but was ultimately successful in preserving the survival of Chouchi.
Li Mi (224–287), courtesy name Lingbo, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. After the fall of Shu in 263, he continued serving under the Jin dynasty, that succeeded Cao Wei state in 266.
