List of threatened fauna of Michigan

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The state of Michigan, and its location in the United States Michigan Locator Map with US.PNG
The state of Michigan, and its location in the United States

The list of threatened fauna of Michigan includes almost 400 endangered, threatened and special concern species that are located in Michigan as a part of the fauna of the United States. [1] Endangered and threatened species in Michigan are protected through the Endangered Species Act of the State of Michigan, part of the 1994 Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act. The list was last updated in 2009 to its sixth iteration. [2] At this time, 69 new species were added, including many species of freshwater mussels and snails, and 13 species were removed. [1] The state also recognizes species of special concern, which are not protected under the act. These species have low or declining numbers in the state or a need for additional information on their populations in Michigan. If the species' numbers decline, they are moved to threatened or endangered status and afforded protection under the act; if they increase, they are removed from the list without further action. [2]

Contents

Threatened and endangered species can also be listed under the federal Endangered Species Act, passed in 1973; the act covers over 1,250 plant and animal species. Species can be on either list or both lists – representation on one does not automatically determine representation (or status) on the other. [1] [3]

A large portion of the field surveys and research conducted with regards to threatened and endangered species in Michigan is undertaken by the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) program. The MNFI program was originally developed in 1980 as part of the state natural heritage programs conceptualized by The Nature Conservancy (TNC), through which it received its first funding. The MNFI program severed relations with TNC in 2000, and became a program of the Michigan State University Extension Services. [4]

Mammals

There are twelve species of threatened mammals in Michigan. Five of these are listed as species of threatened concern, three as threatened and four as endangered. Two also have federal listed status as endangered or threatened.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Alces alces MooseSpecial concern
Canis lupus Gray wolfSpecial concern
Cryptotis parva Least shrewThreatened
Puma concolor CougarEndangered
Glaucomys sabrinus Northern flying squirrelSpecial concern
Lynx canadensis Canada lynxEndangeredThreatened
Microtus ochrogaster Prairie voleEndangered
Microtus pinetorum Woodland voleSpecial concern
Myotis sodalis Indiana batEndangeredEndangered
Nycticeius humeralis Evening batThreatened
Pipistrellus subflavus Eastern pipistrelleSpecial concern
Sorex fumeus Smoky shrewThreatened

Amphibians

The Blanchard's cricket frog is threatened in Michigan. Acris crepitans blanchardi.jpg
The Blanchard's cricket frog is threatened in Michigan.

There are five species and subspecies of threatened amphibians in Michigan. Two of these are listed as species of special concern, one as a threatened species and two as endangered. No amphibians with federally listed threatened status have populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Acris crepitans blanchardi Blanchard's cricket frogThreatened
Ambystoma opacum Marbled salamanderEndangered
Ambystoma texanum Smallmouth salamanderEndangered
Pseudacris maculata Boreal chorus frogSpecial concern
Siren intermedia nettingi Western lesser sirenSpecial concern

Reptiles

The spotted turtle is a threatened species in Michigan. Spotted Turtle - Clemmys guttata.jpg
The spotted turtle is a threatened species in Michigan.

There are eleven species and subspecies of threatened reptiles in Michigan. Of these, six are listed as species of special concern, three as threatened and two as endangered. One species has federal listed status as threatened, while another is a candidate for federal listing.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Clemmys guttata Spotted turtleThreatened
Clemmys insculpta Wood turtleSpecial concern
Clonophis kirtlandii Kirtland's snakeEndangered
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Six-lined racerunnerThreatened
Emys blandingii Blanding's turtleSpecial concern
Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta Copperbelly water snakeEndangeredThreatened
Pantherophis gloydi Eastern fox snakeThreatened
Pantherophis spiloides Gray rat snakeSpecial concern
Regina septemvittata Queen snakeSpecial concern
Sistrurus catenatus catenatus Eastern massasaugaSpecial concernCandidate
Terrapene carolina carolina Eastern box turtleSpecial concern

Birds

The king rail, endangered in Michigan KingRail23.jpg
The king rail, endangered in Michigan

There are 42 threatened species and subspecies of birds in Michigan. Of these, 18 are listed as species of special concern, 14 as threatened and 9 as endangered. One additional species is listed as extinct in Michigan, although it previously had a population in the state. Two species have federal listed status as endangered.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Accipiter gentilis Northern goshawkSpecial concern
Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrowEndangered
Ammodramus savannarum Grasshopper sparrowSpecial concern
Asio flammeus Short-eared owlEndangered
Asio otus Long-eared owlThreatened
Botaurus lentiginosus American bitternSpecial concern
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered hawkThreatened
Charadrius melodus Piping ploverEndangeredEndangered and critical habitat [note 1]
Chlidonias niger Black ternSpecial concern
Chondestes grammacus Lark sparrowExtinct
Circus cyaneus Northern harrierSpecial concern
Cistothorus palustris Marsh wrenSpecial concern
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow railThreatened
Cygnus buccinator Trumpeter swanThreatened
Falcipennis canadensis Spruce grouseSpecial concern
Falco columbarius MerlinThreatened
Falco peregrinus Peregrine falconEndangered
Gallinula chloropus Common moorhenThreatened
Gavia immer Common loonThreatened
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagleSpecial concern
Hydroprogne caspia Caspian ternThreatened
Ixobrychus exilis Least bitternThreatened
Lanius ludovicianus migrans Migrant loggerhead shrikeEndangered
Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night-heronSpecial concern
Pandion haliaetus OspreySpecial concern
Parkesia motacilla Louisiana waterthrushThreatened
Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's phalaropeSpecial concern
Picoides arcticus Black-backed woodpeckerSpecial concern
Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary warblerSpecial concern
Rallus elegans King railEndangered
Setophaga cerulea Cerulean warblerThreatened
Setophaga citrina Hooded warblerSpecial concern
Setophaga discolor Prairie warblerEndangered
Setophaga dominica Yellow-throated warblerThreatened
Setophaga kirtlandii Kirtland's warblerEndangeredEndangered
Spiza americana DickcisselSpecial concern
Sterna forsteri Forster's ternThreatened
Sterna hirundo Common ternThreatened
Sturnella neglecta Western meadowlarkSpecial concern
Tympanuchus phasianellus Sharp-tailed grouseSpecial concern
Tyto alba Barn owlEndangered
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Yellow-headed blackbirdSpecial concern

Fish

The Arctic grayling, a species now extinct in Michigan Underwater Arctic Grayling.jpg
The Arctic grayling, a species now extinct in Michigan

There are 35 species and subspecies of threatened fish in Michigan. Of these, eight are species of special concern, nine are threatened and another nine are listed as endangered. An additional nine species that previously had populations in Michigan are now considered extinct in that state. None of the federally listed species of threatened fish have populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Acipenser fulvescens Lake sturgeonThreatened
Ammocrypta pellucida Eastern sand darterThreatened
Clinostomus elongatus Redside daceEndangered
Coregonus artedi Lake herringThreatened
Coregonus hubbsi Ives Lake ciscoThreatened
Coregonus johannae Deepwater ciscoExtinct
Coregonus kiyi KiyiSpecial concern
Coregonus nigripinnis Blackfin ciscoExtinct
Coregonus reighardi Shortnose ciscoExtinct
Coregonus zenithicus Shortjaw ciscoThreatened
Coregonus zenithicus bartletti Siskiwit lake ciscoThreatened
Cottus ricei Spoonhead sculpinSpecial concern
Erimyzon oblongus Creek chubsuckerEndangered
Etheostoma spectabile Orangethroat darterSpecial concern
Fundulus dispar Starhead topminnowSpecial concern
Hiodon tergisus MooneyeThreatened
Hybopsis amblops Bigeye chubExtinct
Lepisosteus oculatus Spotted garSpecial concern
Macrhybopsis storeriana Silver chubSpecial concern
Moxostoma carinatum River redhorseThreatened
Notropis anogenus Pugnose shinerEndangered
Notropis chalybaeus Ironcolor shinerExtinct
Notropis dorsalis Bigmouth shinerSpecial concern
Noturus miurus Brindled madtomSpecial concern
Notropis photogenis Silver shinerEndangered
Notropis texanus Weed shinerExtinct
Noturus stigmosus Northern madtomEndangered
Opsopoeodus emiliae Pugnose minnowEndangered
Percina copelandi Channel darterEndangered
Percina shumardi River darterEndangered
Phoxinus erythrogaster Southern redbelly daceEndangered
Polyodon spathula PaddlefishExtinct
Sander canadensis SaugerThreatened
Sander vitreus glaucus BluepikeExtinct
Thymallus arcticus Arctic graylingExtinct

Insects

Butterflies and moths

The regal fritillary is endangered in Michigan. Speyeria idalia1.jpg
The regal fritillary is endangered in Michigan.

There are 53 species and subspecies of threatened butterflies and moths in Michigan. Of these, 40 are listed as species of special concern, 8 as threatened and 5 as endangered. Two species are also listed as federally endangered, while another is a candidate for federal listing.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Acronicta falcula Corylus dagger mothSpecial concern
Atrytonopsis hianna Dusted skipperSpecial concern
Basilodes pepita Gold mothSpecial concern
Battus philenor Pipevine swallowtailSpecial concern
Boloria freija Freija fritillarySpecial concern
Boloria frigga Frigga fritillarySpecial concern
Brachionycha borealis Boreal brachionynchaSpecial concern
Calephelis mutica Swamp metalmarkSpecial concern
Catocala amestris Three-staff underwingEndangered
Catocala dulciola Quiet underwingSpecial concern
Catocala illecta Magdalen underwingSpecial concern
Catocala robinsoni Robinson's underwingSpecial concern
Chlosyne gorgone carlota Gorgone checkerspotSpecial concern
Eacles imperialis pini Pine imperial mothSpecial concern
Erebia discoidalis Red-disked alpineSpecial concern
Erora laeta Early hairstreakSpecial concern
Erynnis baptisiae Wild indigo duskywingSpecial concern
Erynnis persius persius Persius duskywingThreatened
Euchloe ausonides Large marbleSpecial concern
Euphyes dukesi Dukes' skipperThreatened
Euxoa aurulenta Dune cutwormSpecial concern
Fixsenia favonius ontario Northern hairstreakSpecial concern
Hemileuca maia Barrens buckmothSpecial concern
Hesperia ottoe Ottoe skipperThreatened
Heterocampa subrotata Small heterocampaSpecial concern
Heteropacha rileyana Riley's lappet mothSpecial concern
Incisalia henrici Henry's elfinThreatened
Incisalia irus Frosted elfinThreatened
Merolonche dolli Doll's meroloncheSpecial concern
Meropleon ambifusca Newman's brocadeSpecial concern
Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii Mitchell's satyrEndangeredEndangered
Oarisma poweshiek Poweshiek skipperlingThreatenedCandidate
Oeneis macounii Macoun's arcticSpecial concern
Oncocnemis piffardi Three-striped oncocnemisSpecial concern
Pachypolia atricornis Three-horned mothSpecial concern
Papaipema aweme Aweme borerSpecial concern
Papaipema beeriana Blazing star borerSpecial concern
Papaipema cerina Golden borerSpecial concern
Papaipema maritima Maritime sunflower borerSpecial concern
Papaipema sciata Culvers root borerSpecial concern
Papaipema silphii Silphium borer mothThreatened
Papaipema speciosissima Regal fern borerSpecial concern
Phyciodes batesii Tawny crescentSpecial concern
Plebejus idas nabokovi Northern blueThreatened
Plebejus melissa samuelis Karner blueThreatenedEndangered
Polygonia gracilis Hoary commaSpecial concern
Proserpinus flavofasciata Yellow-banded day-sphinxSpecial concern
Pygarctia spraguei Sprague's pygarctiaSpecial concern
Pyrgus wyandot Grizzled skipperSpecial concern
Schinia indiana Phlox mothEndangered
Schinia lucens Leadplant flower mothEndangered
Spartiniphaga inops Spartina mothSpecial concern
Speyeria idalia Regal fritillaryEndangered

Beetles

The American burying beetle, extinct in Michigan and listed as endangered in the United States Nicrophorus americanus - Sankt-Peterburg.jpg
The American burying beetle, extinct in Michigan and listed as endangered in the United States

There are six species of threatened beetles in Michigan. Of these, three are species of special concern, one is threatened and one is endangered. One additional species is extinct in Michigan, although it previously had a viable population in the state. Two species of beetles with populations in Michigan are listed as federally endangered.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Brychius hungerfordi Hungerford's crawling water beetleEndangeredEndangered
Dryobius sexnotatus Six-banded longhorn beetleThreatened
Liodessus cantralli Cantrall's bog beetleSpecial concern
Lordithon niger Black lordithon rove beetleSpecial concern
Nicrophorus americanus American burying beetleExtinctEndangered
Stenelmis douglasensis Douglas Stenelmis riffle beetleSpecial concern

Cicadas and hoppers

There are seven species of threatened cicadas and hoppers with populations in Michigan. Of these, five are listed as species of special concern and two as threatened species. There are no federally listed species with populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Dorydiella kansana LeafhopperSpecial concern
Flexamia delongi LeafhopperSpecial concern
Flexamia huroni Huron river leafhopperThreatened
Flexamia reflexus LeafhopperSpecial concern
Lepyronia angulifera Angular spittlebugSpecial concern
Lepyronia gibbosa Great plains spittlebugThreatened
Prosapia ignipectus Red-legged spittlebugSpecial concern

Damselflies and dragonflies

The Hine's emerald dragonfly, listed as endangered in both Michigan and the United States Somatochlora hineana.jpg
The Hine's emerald dragonfly, listed as endangered in both Michigan and the United States

There are 15 species of threatened damselflies and dragonflies in Michigan. Of these, twelve are listed as species of special concern, two as threatened and one as endangered. The state-listed endangered species is also listed as federally endangered.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Cordulegaster erronea Tiger spiketailSpecial concern
Gomphus lineatifrons Splendid clubtailSpecial concern
Gomphus quadricolor Rapids clubtailSpecial concern
Hetaerina titia Smokey rubyspotSpecial concern
Ophiogomphus anomalus Extra-striped snaketailSpecial concern
Ophiogomphus howei Pygmy snaketailThreatened
Somatochlora hineana Hine's emeraldEndangeredEndangered
Somatochlora incurvata Incurvate emeraldSpecial concern
Stylurus amnicola Riverine snaketailSpecial concern
Stylurus laurae Laura's snaketailSpecial concern
Stylurus notatus Elusive snaketailSpecial concern
Stylurus plagiatus Russet-tipped clubtailSpecial concern
Tachopteryx thoreyi Grey petaltailThreatened
Williamsonia fletcheri Ebony boghaunterSpecial concern
Williamsonia lintneri Ringed boghaunterSpecial concern

Grasshoppers and crickets

There are 14 species of threatened grasshoppers and crickets in Michigan. Thirteen of these are listed as species of special concern, while the remaining species is listed as threatened. There are no federally listed species with populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Appalachia arcana Secretive locustSpecial concern
Atlanticus davisi Davis's shield-bearerSpecial concern
Melanoplus flavidus Blue-legged locustSpecial concern
Neoconocephalus lyristes Bog coneheadSpecial concern
Neoconocephalus retusus Conehead grasshopperSpecial concern
Oecanthus laricis Tamarack tree cricketSpecial concern
Oecanthus pini Pinetree cricketSpecial concern
Orchelimum concinnum Red-faced meadow katydidSpecial concern
Orchelimum delicatum Delicate meadow katydidSpecial concern
Orphulella pelidna Green desert grasshopperSpecial concern
Paroxya hoosieri Hoosier locustSpecial concern
Psinidia fenestralis Atlantic-coast locustSpecial concern
Scudderia fasciata Pine katydidSpecial concern
Trimerotropis huroniana Lake Huron locustThreatened

Bees

There are two species of threatened bees in Michigan, both of which are members of the genus Bombus and are listed as species of special concern. There are no federally listed bee species with populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Bombus affinis Rusty-patched bumble beeSpecial concern
Bombus terricola Yellow banded bumble beeSpecial concern

Caddisflies

There is one species of threatened caddisfly in Michigan, which is listed as a species of special concern and is not found on the federal listing of endangered species.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Limnephilus pallens No common nameSpecial concern

Dobsonflies and fishflies

There is one species of threatened dobsonfly in Michigan and no species of threatened fishflies. The single threatened member of this group is listed as a species of special concern, and is not found on the federal listing.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Neohermes concolor No common nameSpecial concern

Mayflies

There are three species of threatened mayflies with populations in Michigan, all of which are listed as species of special concern. None are found on the federal listing.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Anthopotamus verticis Walker's tusked sprawlerSpecial concern
Epeorus suffusus No common nameSpecial concern
Habrophlebiodes americana No common nameSpecial concern

Freshwater mussels

The deertoe mussel is a species of special concern in Michigan. Truncilla truncata.jpg
The deertoe mussel is a species of special concern in Michigan.

There are 28 species and subspecies of threatened freshwater mussels in Michigan. Of these, 9 are species of special concern, 6 are listed as threatened and 13 are endangered. Six are also federally listed as endangered.

SpeciesCommon nameState statusFederal status
Alasmidonta marginata ElktoeSpecial concern
Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell musselThreatened
Cyclonaias tuberculata Purple wartybackThreatened
Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua White catspawEndangeredEndangered
Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Northern riffleshellEndangeredEndangered
Epioblasma triquetra SnuffboxEndangeredEndangered
Lampsilis fasciola Wavy-rayed lampmusselThreatened
Leptodea leptodon ScaleshellSpecial concernEndangered
Ligumia nasuta Eastern pondmusselEndangered
Ligumia recta Black sandshellEndangered
Obliquaria reflexa Threehorn wartybackEndangered
Obovaria olivaria HickorynutEndangered
Obovaria subrotunda Round hickorynutEndangered
Pleurobema clava ClubshellEndangeredEndangered
Pleurobema sintoxia Round pigtoeSpecial concern
Potamilus ohiensis Pink papershellThreatened
Ptychobranchus fasciolaris Kidney shellSpecial concern
Pyganodon lacustris Lake floaterSpecial concern
Pyganodon subgibbosa Round lake floaterThreatened
Simpsonaias ambigua Salamander musselEndangered
Toxolasma lividus Purple lilliputEndangered
Toxolasma parvus lilliputEndangered
Truncilla donaciformis FawnsfootThreatened
Truncilla truncata DeertoeSpecial concern
Utterbackia imbecillis Paper pondshellSpecial concern
Venustaconcha ellipsiformis EllipseSpecial concern
Villosa fabalis Rayed beanEndangeredEndangered
Villosa iris RainbowSpecial concern

Land and freshwater snails

The shell of a crested vertigo, a species of special concern in Michigan Vertigo pygmaea shell.jpg
The shell of a crested vertigo, a species of special concern in Michigan

There are 61 species and subspecies of threatened land and freshwater snails in Michigan. Of these, 38 are species of special concern, 10 are listed as threatened and 13 are listed as endangered. No federally listed species of snails have populations in Michigan.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Acella haldemani Spindle lymnaeaSpecial concern
Anguispira kochi Banded globeSpecial concern
Appalachina sayana Spike-lip craterSpecial concern
Birgella subglobosus Globe siltsnailSpecial concern
Carychium nannodes File thornSpecial concern
Catinella exile Pleistocene catinellaThreatened
Catinella gelida No common nameThreatened
Catinella protracta No common nameEndangered
Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis Campeloma spire snailSpecial concern
Discus patulus Domed discSpecial concern
Euchemotrema hubrichti Carinate pillsnailThreatened
Euconulus alderi No common nameThreatened
Fontigens nickliniana Watercress snailSpecial concern
Fossaria cyclostoma Bugle fossariaThreatened
Fossaria galbana Boreal fossariaSpecial concern
Gastrocopta holzingeri Lambda snaggletooth snailEndangered
Glyphyalinia solida No common nameSpecial concern
Guppya sterkii Sterki's granuleEndangered
Hawaiia alachuana Southeastern gemSpecial concern
Helicodiscus singleyanus Smooth coilSpecial concern
Helisoma anceps royalense Lake Superior ramshornSpecial concern
Hendersonia occulta Cherrystone dropThreatened
Lyogyrus walkeri Canadian duskysnailSpecial concern
Mesodon clausus Yellow globeletSpecial concern
Mesodon elevatus Proud globeThreatened
Mesodon mitchellianus Sealed globeletSpecial concern
Mesodon pennsylvanicus Proud globeletSpecial concern
Mesomphix cupreus Copper buttonSpecial concern
Oxyloma peoriense Depressed ambersnailSpecial concern
Pallifera fosteri Foster mantleslugThreatened
Philomycus carolinianus Carolina MantleslugSpecial concern
Physella magnalacustris Great Lakes physaSpecial concern
Physella parkeri Broadshoulder physaThreatened
Planogyra asteriscus Eastern flat-whorlSpecial concern
Planorbella multivolvis Acorn ramshornEndangered
Planorbella smithi No common nameEndangered
Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Brown walkerSpecial concern
Pupilla muscorum Widespread columnSpecial concern
Pyrgulopsis letsoni Gravel pyrgSpecial concern
Stagnicola contracta Deepwater pondsnailEndangered
Stagnicola petoskeyensis Petoskey pondsnailEndangered
Stagnicola woodruffi Coldwater pondsnailSpecial concern
Striatura meridionalis Median striateSpecial concern
Vallonia gracilicosta albula No common nameEndangered
Vallonia parvula Trumpet valloniaSpecial concern
Valvata perdepressa Purplecap valvataSpecial concern
Valvata winnebagoensis Flanged valvataSpecial concern
Ventridens intertextus Pyramid domeSpecial concern
Ventridens suppressus Flat domeSpecial concern
Vertigo bollesiana Delicate vertigoThreatened
Vertigo cristata Crested vertigoSpecial concern
Vertigo elatior Tapered vertigoSpecial concern
Vertigo hubrichti Hubricht's vertigoEndangered
VVertigo modesta modesta No common nameEndangered
Vertigo modesta parietalis No common nameEndangered
Vertigo morsei Six-whorl vertigoEndangered
Vertigo nylanderi Deep-throat vertigoEndangered
Vertigo paradoxa Mystery vertigoSpecial concern
Vertigo pygmaea Crested vertigoSpecial concern
Vertigo tridentata Honey vertigoSpecial concern
Xolotrema denotata Velvet wedgeSpecial concern

Fingernail and pea clams

The European pea clam is a species of special concern in Michigan. Sphaerium corneum.jpg
The European pea clam is a species of special concern in Michigan.

There are seven threatened species of fingernail and pea clams in Michigan, all listed as species of special concern. None of the species with populations in Michigan are federally listed as threatened.

SpeciesCommon nameState status
Pisidium amnicum Greater European pea clamSpecial concern
Pisidium cruciatum Ornamanted pea clamSpecial concern
Pisidium equilaterale Round pea clamSpecial concern
Pisidium idahoense Giant northern pea clamSpecial concern
Pisidium simplex No common nameSpecial concern
Sphaerium corneum European pea clamSpecial concern
Sphaerium fabale River fingernail clamSpecial concern

See also

Notes

  1. Under the definition of the Endangered Species Act, a critical habitat is a geographic location which provides a feature, such as breeding habitat, nutritional or physiological requirements, or shelter, that is required for the survival of a threatened or endangered species. [5]

Related Research Articles

Endangered Species Act of 1973 United States law

The Endangered Species Act of 1973 is the primary law in the United States for protecting imperiled species. Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973. The Supreme Court of the United States described it as "the most comprehensive legislation for the preservation of endangered species enacted by any nation". The purposes of the ESA are two-fold: to prevent extinction and to recover species to the point where the law's protections are not needed. It therefore "protect[s] species and the ecosystems upon which they depend" through different mechanisms. For example, section 4 requires the agencies overseeing the Act to designate imperiled species as threatened or endangered. Section 9 prohibits unlawful ‘take,’ of such species, which means to "harass, harm, hunt..." Section 7 directs federal agencies to use their authorities to help conserve listed species. The Act also serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The Supreme Court found that "the plain intent of Congress in enacting" the ESA "was to halt and reverse the trend toward species extinction, whatever the cost." The Act is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). FWS and NMFS have been delegated by the Act with the authority to promulgate any rules and guidelines within the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to implement its provisions.

Conservation status Indication of the chance of a species extinction, regardless of authority used

The conservation status of a group of organisms indicates whether the group still exists and how likely the group is to become extinct in the near future. Many factors are taken into account when assessing conservation status: not simply the number of individuals remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, and known threats. Various systems of conservation status exist and are in use at international, multi-country, national and local levels as well as for consumer use.

Massasauga Species of snake (rattlesnake; Sistrurus catenatus)

The massasauga is a rattlesnake species found in midwestern North America from southern Ontario to northern Mexico and parts of the United States in between. Like all rattlesnakes, it is a pit viper, and like all pit vipers, it is venomous.

Delta smelt Species of fish

The delta smelt is an endangered slender-bodied smelt, about 5 to 7 cm long, in the family Osmeridae. Endemic to the upper Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary of California, it mainly inhabits the freshwater-saltwater mixing zone of the estuary, except during its spawning season, when it migrates upstream to fresh water following winter "first flush" flow events. It functions as an indicator species for the overall health of the Delta's ecosystem.

North American cougar Subspecies of carnivore

The North American cougar is a cougar subspecies in North America. It was once common in eastern North America, and is still prevalent in the western half of the continent. This subspecies includes populations in western Canada, the western United States, Florida, Mexico and Central America, and possibly South America northwest of the Andes Mountains. It is the biggest cat in North America, with North American jaguars being fairly small. It thus includes the extirpated Eastern cougar and extant Florida panther populations.

Kanab ambersnail Subspecies of gastropod

The Kanab ambersnail, scientific name Oxyloma haydeni kanabense or Oxyloma kanabense, is a critically endangered subspecies or species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae, the amber snails. The common name of the amber snails is based on the shell, which is translucent and when empty usually resembles the color of amber.

California species of special concern

A species of special concern is a protective legal designation assigned by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) to wildlife species that are at risk.

Grey-crowned babbler Species of bird

The grey-crowned babbler is a species of bird in the family Pomatostomidae. It is found in Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

Northern red-bellied cooter Species of turtle

The northern red-bellied turtle or American red-bellied turtle is a species of turtle in the Pseudemys (cooter) genus of the family Emydidae.

Ornate shrew Species of mammal

The ornate shrew is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae (shrews). It is endemic to western North America, ranging from Northern California in the United States to Baja California in Mexico. Eight subspecies are known, including the extinct tule shrew, known only from four specimens collected in 1905, and the Suisun ornate shrew, a species of conservation concern in California. Through skull morphology research and genetic testing on Ornate shrew populations, it has been shown that there are three main genetic subdivisions: The Southern, Central and Northern. These three genetic subdivisions of Ornate shrew arose from populations of Ornate shrews getting geographically isolated from other populations.

Spectacle case pearly mussel Species of bivalve

Cumberlandia monodonta is a freshwater mussel endemic to the United States. Currently, C. monodonta is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

<i>Leptoxis ampla</i> Species of gastropod

Leptoxis ampla, common name the round rocksnail, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae.

Painted rocksnail Species of gastropod

The painted rocksnail is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

Utah roundmouth snail Species of gastropod

The Utah roundmouth snail, also known as the Utah valvata or desert valvata, scientific name Valvata utahensis, is a species of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Valvatidae, the valve snails.

A distinct population segment (DPS) is the smallest division of a taxonomic species permitted to be protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Species, as defined in the Act for listing purposes, is a taxonomic species or subspecies of plant or animal, or in the case of vertebrate species, a distinct population segment.

Socorro springsnail Species of gastropod

The Socorro springsnail, scientific name Pyrgulopsis neomexicana, is an endangered species of minute freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Hydrobiidae, the mud snails.

Montana Arctic grayling Subspecies of fish

The Montana Arctic grayling is a North American freshwater fish in the salmon family Salmonidae. The Montana Arctic grayling, native to the upper Missouri River basin in Montana and Wyoming, is a disjunct population or subspecies of the more widespread Arctic grayling. It occurs in fluvial and adfluvial, lacustrine forms. The Montana grayling is a species of special concern in Montana and had candidate status for listing under the national Endangered Species Act. It underwent a comprehensive status review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which in 2014 decided not to list it as threatened or endangered. Current surviving native populations in the Big Hole River and Red Rock River drainages represent approximately four percent of the subspecies' historical range.

References

General

Specific

  1. 1 2 3 "Michigan DNR - Frequently Asked Questions: The 2009 Revision of the State Endangered Species List". Archived from the original on 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2012-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. 1 2 "Michigan's Special Animals". Michigan State University. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
  3. "Federally Endangered, Threatened, Proposed and Candidate Species in Michigan" (PDF). US Fish and Wildlife Service. February 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
  4. "DNR - Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI)". Archived from the original on 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2012-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. "Critical Habitat - What Is It?". US Fish and Wildlife Service. March 6, 2012. Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-09.