| Listrura | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Trichomycteridae |
| Subfamily: | Glanapteryginae |
| Genus: | Listrura de Pinna, 1988 |
| Type species | |
| Listrura nematopteryx de Pinna, 1988 | |
Listrura is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
Listrura was first described in 1988 for two species from southeastern Brazil, the first record of the subfamily Glanapteryginae outside of the Amazon River basin. [1] It was described for the species L. nematopteryx and L. camposi; L. camposi had been assigned to the genus Eremophilus , while L. nematopteryx had been misidentified as another species of Eremophilus. [2] L. tetraradiata was described in 2002 from the Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil. [2] L. boticario was described later in 2002 from southern Brazil. [1] L. picinguabae was described in 2006. [3] This genus is currently monophyletic. [1]
With the description of L. tetraradiata in 2003, it was hypothesized that L. tetraradiata possibly constitutes the sister group to a clade comprising the only other two previously described species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. nematopteryx. [2] As of 2006, two species of Listrura, L. camposi and L. boticario, were known only from their holotypes. The lack of osteological information for these species impedes a complete analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the genus. It was hypothesized that L. nematopteryx and L. picinguabae comprise a monophyletic assemblage, given the fact that the pectoral fin of these species consists of a single ray and the ray is in the form of a long filament, a condition not present in any other trichomycterids thus far described. [3]
Listura is the most basal member of the subfamily Glanapteryginae; it is sister to a clade formed by the other three genera, Glanapteryx , Pygidianops , and Typhlobelus . [1]
There are currently nine recognized species in this genus:
Listrura is endemic to small coastal river basins of southeastern Brazil. [2] L. boticario originates from Da Figueira and Guaraqueçaba River basins, Paraná State. L. camposi inhabits the Poço Grande River, a tributary of the Juquiá River in the São Paulo State, and Ribeirão da Ilha of Florianópolis in Santa Catarina State. L. nematopteryx is distributed in the Imbariê Creek and basin of the Estrela River system of Piabetá in the Rio de Janeiro State, and Picinguaba in the São Paulo State. [7] L. picinguabae is only known from small tributaries to the da Fazenda River in the São Paulo State. [3] L. tetraradiata is from the Ibicuíba River of the Araruama Lagoon system. [7]
The body is elongate and may be cylindrical. These fish have three pairs of barbels. The mouth is subterminal. These fish are lacking in pelvic fins. The caudal fin is rounded. The caudal skeleton is compact and fused. [3] [2] Listura species grow to about 3.7–4.9 centimetres (1.5–1.9 in) SL. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Listrura occur in shallow-water leaf-litter deposits underlain by mud or deeper layers of leaf litter. Listrura inhabits extremely small, shallow, and temporary water bodies, marginal to main water courses covered with vegetation; no species of Listrura is known to occur in creeks or rivers, except apparently as stray or colonizing specimens. [1] L. picinguabae inhabits narrow and shallow (about 20 cm or 12 in deep) streams in dense tropical forest; it is encountered buried in the litter bottom. [3] L. tetraradiata has been found in small, clear water forest streams; these habitats are shallow (about 40 cm or 16 in deep), with large rocks on the banks and gravel and sand on the bottom. L. tetraradiata has been found to have copepods, insect larvae, and mites in their stomach contents. [2]
Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish, feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of humans. They are one of the few parasitic chordates. Another species is the life monsefuano which was important to the Moche culture and still an important part of Peruvian cuisine.
Trichomycterus is a genus of fish in the family Trichomycteridae, the largest genus of its family with over 170 species currently described. This genus is native to freshwater habitats in Central and South America. These fish are generally small, usually about 5 to 15 cm (2–6 in) in standard length, although the largest, T. rivulatus, can reach more than twice this size. Species differ from one another primarily in body proportions, fin ray counts and colouration. Despite their relatively small size, some, such as T. punctulatus, support fisheries and are important in the local cuisine.
Phreatobius is a genus of very small catfishes from tropical South America.
Eremophilus mutisii is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only member of its genus. This fish grows to about 30 centimetres (12 in) and originates from the Bogotá River basin, which is a tributary of the Magdalena River. It has probably been introduced to Ubaté, Chiquinquirá, and Tundama valleys, Colombia.
Glaphyropoma is a genus of small pencil catfishes native to Bahia in Brazil.
Malacoglanis gelatinosus is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus Malacoglanis. This fish grows to about 2.0 centimetres (.79 in) SL. and is native to the Caquetá River basin of Colombia. Stauroglanis is the sister group to a monophyletic group formed by Malacoglanis and Sarcoglanis.
Sarcoglanis simplex is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus Sarcoglanis. This fish originates from the upper Rio Negro basin of Brazil. Stauroglanis is the sister group to a monophyletic group formed by Malacoglanis and Sarcoglanis.
Copionodon is a genus of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes three species, C. lianae, C. orthiocarinatus, and C. pecten.
Stauroglanis gouldingi is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus Stauroglanis.
Ammoglanis is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
Microcambeva is a genus of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae.
Glanapteryx is a genus of catfishes native to South America.
Pygidianops is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
Typhlobelus is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America.
The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera: Ammoglanis, Malacoglanis, Microcambeva, Sarcoglanis, Stauroglanis, and Stenolicmus.
Ochmacanthus is a genus of pencil catfishes native to South America. These species are distributed in South America. O. alternus and O. orinoco originate from the Rio Negro and Orinoco River basins of Brazil and Venezuela. O. batrachstoma inhabits the Paraguay River basin in Brazil. O. flabelliferus lives in river drainages in Guyana and Venezuela. O. reinhardtii is known from the Amazon River basin in Brazil and drainages in French Guiana.
Ituglanis is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin. Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves.
Copionodon pecten is a species of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It is found in the Mucujê River, a tributary of Paraguaçu River in Bahia, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 6.2 cm (2.4 in).
Copionodon orthiocarinatus is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae. It is found in the Mucujê River, a tributary of Paraguaçu River in Bahia, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).
Copionodon lianae is a species of catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. It is found in the Grisante River, a tributary of the Mucujê River, which is a tributary of the Paraguaçu River in Bahia, Brazil. This species reaches a length of 6.2 cm (2.4 in).